1,720,958 research outputs found
Valoração de dano ambiental causado por lançamento de efluentes sanitários em águas superficiais: uma ferramenta para fins criminais
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Perícias Criminais Ambientais, Florianópolis, 2013.A poluição das águas dos rios pelos esgotos domésticos é crime de acordo com a legislação ambiental brasileira e deve ser penalizada por sanções (Lei no. 9605/98), como as sentenças pecuniárias. Neste processo é necessário desenvolver ferramentas para valorar o dano ao meio ambiente, as quais devem ser aplicáveis para o sistema legal. O trabalho da criminalística forense é o caminho legal para estimar o dano ao meio ambiente e o seu valor. Porém, os principais métodos que existem para valorar o dano ambiental não focam nas sanções criminais, o que dificulta a definição das sentenças pecuniárias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia para estimar o valor do dano ambiental causado pela poluição hídrica como ferramenta para fins criminais, atendendo a lei brasileira e tendo como base o Método indireto de Custo de Reposição. A metodologia proposta calcula o custo dispendido para tratar as águas naturais poluídas, pelo sistema de tratamento de esgoto convencional, com o objetivo de recompor as concentrações das variáveis selecionadas para o atendimento do limite legal. Em seguida aponta o valor do dano ambiental, obtido no cálculo do limite de confiança superior da média (UCL95). Para este propósito foi considerada a concentração máxima legal das variáveis que descrevem a qualidade da água, de acordo com a Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005. Como dados de entrada foram aplicados os dados do programa de monitoramento das águas superficiais dos rios do Estado de São Paulo, desenvolvido pela CETESB em 2012. DBO5, Namoniacal, fósforo total, e coliformes fecais foram selecionadas como sendo as variáveis de qualidade de água que violaram, em maior frequência, o limite legal. O método foi aplicado em dois casos distintos, a contaminação produzida pelo esgoto de Bragança Paulista (SP) e pelo efluente de um aterro sanitário, considerando as variáveis DBO5, Namoniacal, fósforo total. No primeiro caso foram usados dados do rio Jaguari (SP), que foi monitorado em 2011 pela CETESB, e que recebe os efluentes domésticos provenientes da urbanização da cidade de Bragança Paulista pelo afluente Lavapés. O segundo caso considerou os dados do trabalho criminal forense desenvolvido pela PolíciaFederal de Santa Catarina em 2008. Os resultados confirmaram a aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta para medir o custo da poluição das águas na esfera criminal. Esta metodologia pode ser facilmente adaptada a diferentes locais, considerando, em cada caso, o custo e a eficiência de tratamento de esgoto obtidos em estações de tratamento regionais. Algumas recomendações foram destacadas para o desenho amostral na investigação criminal e para o monitoramento dos rios desenvolvidos pelas agências públicas.Abstract: The river water pollution by household sewage is crime according Brazilian environmental law and must be penalized by sanctions (Law no. 9605/98) such as the pecuniary sentence. In this process it is necessary to develop tools to evaluate the environmental damage, those must be applicable for the legal system. Criminal forensics work is the legal way to estimate the environmental damage and its value. However, the mainly methods that exist to evaluate environmental damage do not focus on criminal sanction, and this difficult the establishment of pecuniary sentence. The aim of this work was to develop a methodology to estimate the value of the environmental damage caused by hydric pollution and to be used on the crime scene investigation, attending to the Brazilian law and using the replacement cost indirect method as basis. The proposed methodology assesses the cost of treating the polluted natural water, by the conventional sewage treatment plant, with the aim of restoring the concentration of selected variables to meet the legal limit. After that, it points the value of the environmental damage, obtained by the Upper Confidence Limit (UCL95). For this purpose it was considered the maximum legal concentration of the variables that describe the water quality, in according with CONAMA Resolution no. 357/2005. The data from the surficial freshwater monitoring program of the rivers of São Paulo State, developed by CETESB in 2012, were applied. DBO5, ammonium, total phosphorous and faecal coliforms were selected as water quality variables that violate, in more frequency, the legal limits. The methodology defined here was applied in two distinct cases, the contamination produced by Bragança Paulista (SP) sewage and by effluent of a landfill, considering the DBO5, ammonium and total phosphorous variables. In the first case data from Jaguari river (SP) that was monitored in 2011 by CETESB and that receive the household sewage from urbanization of Bragança Paulista city by Lavapés river, were used. The second one considered data from a criminal forensics work developed by Federal Policy of Brazil in the state of Santa Catarina in 2008. The results confirmed the applicability of the proposed methodology to measure the cost of water pollution in the criminal sphere. This method can be easily adapted to different places, considering, in each case, the mean of sewage treatment cost and its efficiency in local sewage treatment stations. Some recommendations were highlighted for the sampling design in the criminal investigation and for the river monitoring developed by public agencies
Cultivo do camarão de água doce, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man), em viveiros no sul do Brasil, sob diferentes densidades e taxas de estocagem
No full textThe production of freshwater prawns was examined under semi-intensive growth conditions in ponds of five locations in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and the south region of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, in the summer of 87/88. Post-larvae (0.013 g average) and nursed juveniles (0.800 g average) were stocked in different size ponds at densities of 8/m2, 10/m2, 12/m2, 17/m2, 22/m2 (post-larvae) and 6/m2, 8/m2 (juveniles). All ponds had a water exchange rate of 5-10% of the volume/day. Water quality was evaluated every two weeks by measuring ammonia, pH and dissolved oxygen and, twice a day, by temperature and transparence. Feeding was uniform in all locations at the rate of 5% estimated biomass/day, and the pellets had 30% crude protein. It was found after five months of grow-out of post-larvae, a yield of 550-1,150 kg/ha and the nursed juvenile population yielded 755-985 kg/ha. It was found relation between stocking density and yield. Since the grow-out period in the region takes six to seven months, and more advanced procedures can be applied, it appears to be possible to yield 1,500 to 2,000 kg/ha within the grow-out period by improving management. The findings of this study call for more intensive efforts in researching this aquatic species in subtropical south of Brazil.O cultivo de camarões de água doce foi examinado sob condições semi-intensivas em viveiros de engorda em cinco localidades dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e na região sul de Santa Catarina durante o verão de 87/88. Pós-larvas (peso médio de 0,013 g) e camarões juvenis (peso médio de 0,800 g) foram estocados em viveiros de diferentes tamanhos em densidades de 8/m2, 10/m2, 12/m2, 17/m2, 22/m2 (pós-larvas) e 6/m2, 8/m2 (juvenis). A taxa diária de renovação de água dos viveiros foi de 5 a 10% do volume total. Foi oferecida, a uma taxa de 5% da biomassa estimada por dia, uma ração com 30% de proteína. A qualidade da água foi monitorada através de medições de amônia, pH, oxigênio dissolvido (a cada duas semanas), temperatura e transparência (duas vezes ao dia). Após cinco meses de crescimento, foi obtida uma produção de 550-1.150 kg/ha (pós-larvas) e de 755-985 kg/ha (juvenis). Foi encontrada uma relação entre a taxa de estocagem e produção. Uma vez que o período de cultivo em nossas condições é de seis a sete meses, e que algumas práticas de manejo mais avançadas podem ser aplicadas, parece possível obter produções de 1.500 a 2.000 kg/ha. Os resultados deste estudo revelam a necessidade de esforços mais intensivos na pesquisa desta espécie aquática nas áreas subtropicais do sul do Brasil
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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