1,360,724 research outputs found
THE EFFECTS OF THE HAMIDIYE CRUISER LED BY CAPTAIN RAUF ORBAY ON THE FIRST BALKAN WAR IN THE ERA OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
No full textIn this extended essay, the effects of the Hamidiye Cruiser, led by captain Rauf Orbay , to the course of the First Balkan War were examined. The primary focus for this examination was the Raid Operation of the Balkan Wars, which has been the only succes for the Ottoman Empire. This operation was made by the Hamidiye Cruiser. The aim in doing this extended essay was to focus on the succes of the cruiser. The main question on the investigation process was to ask; How was the Raid Operation was succesful while the Ottoman Empire was on the verge of a defeat in the First Balkan War? Therefore, the actions of the Hamidiye Cruiser at the Raid Operation, The First Balkan War and the situation of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans were examined.
Most of the information regarding of the events during the Raid Operation were taken from the books focused on the Hamidiye Cruiser. These books were taken from the Library of the Sea Museum at Istanbul, property of the Turkish Navy. These sources point out every movement of the cruiser in detail, so the course of the operation in this essay was written according to these sources. Another source for the operation was the documentary, “Akdeniz’de Bir Destan: Gazi Hamidiye ve Akın Harekatı”. As written in the outline document of the project, this documentary was made using the Naval Archives, so it contains some quotes from the journals of Rauf Orbay and an anonymous soldier from the cruiser. However, there weren’t enough quotes to center the essay around them, so they could only be used while writing about the Raid Operation.
The sources used when giving information about the First Balkan War were recommended by my supervisor. These sources gave a point of view of all the countries involved in the war, as well as the forces behind. So, the reasons and resolutions of the war were told in a big, Europe-wide perspective
From subsidies to structural adjustment. by Rauf Gonenc
No full texttag=1 data=From subsidies to structural adjustment. by Rauf Gonenc.
tag=2 data=Gonenc, Rauf
tag=3 data=OECD Observer.
tag=5 data=166
tag=6 data=October/November 1990
tag=7 data=8-12.
tag=8 data=INDUSTRY ASSISTANCE
tag=10 data=The OECD has recently completed the first phase of a project which aims to provide a satisfactory international picture of the extent of industrial subsidy and to help form an international concensus on the disciplines that should be applied to such support policies.
tag=11 data=1990/2/12
tag=12 data=552
tag=13 data=CABThe OECD has recently completed the first phase of a project which aims to provide a satisfactory international picture of the extent of industrial subsidy and to help form an international concensus on the disciplines that should be applied to such support policies
1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)thiourea
No full textThe structure of the title compound, C14H9Cl3N2OS, is composed of discrete molecules with bond lengths and angles quite typical for thiourea compounds of this class. The plane containing the thiocarbonyl and carbonyl groups subtends dihedral angles of 48.19 (3) and 87.51 (3)° with the planes formed by the 3-chloro and 2,6-dichlorophenyl rings, respectively; the dihedral angle between the two benzene ring planes is 45.32 (3)°. An intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond stabilizes the molecular conformation and the molecules form intermolecular N-H...S and N-H...O hydrogen bonds, generating a sheet along the alpha axis. Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 173 K; mean σ(C–C) = 0.002 Å; R factor = 0.037; wR factor = 0.094; data-to-parameter ratio = 25.5
Sleep Habits and Disturbances Among Tunisian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey [Letter]
No full textImran Rauf Department of Medicine, St George’s University of London, London, UKCorrespondence: Imran Rauf, Department of Medicine, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, Tooting, London, UK, Email [email protected]
1-(3-Chlorobenzoyl)-3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)thiourea
No full textThe title molecule, C16H15ClN2OS, exists in the solid state in its thione form with typical thiourea C-S and C-O bonds lengths, as well as shortened C-N bonds. An intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond stabilizes the molecular conformation and intermolecular N-H...S hydrogen bonds link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 50.18 (5)°. Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 173 K; mean σ(C–C) = 0.002 Å; R factor = 0.032; wR factor = 0.085; data-to-parameter ratio = 15.3
Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa (1780-1860)
No full textMehmet Emin Rauf Paşa, the state man who witnessed the reign of the pro-innovation Sultans such as Selim III, Mahmud II and Abdülmecid, is the subject of our thesis. In the 19th century, Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa, who preferred civil bureaucrats instead of military bureaucrats because of the fact that they had come out of pen, needed cadres to implement the reforms of Babali. Mahmud II, planning to rebuild the centre’s sovereignty over the provinces by eliminating the focus of power in the provinces so that reforms can be placed on a solid ground. Rauf Paşa, supported Mahmud II in his decisions. Rauf Paşa, worked with Mustafa Reşid Paşa for the implementation of bureaucratic reforms that prepared the institutional transformation that would rise above the Tanzimat which was near the death of Mahmud II. Rauf Paşa, after the announcement of the Tanzimat, has been focused on carrying out military and financial reforms that will ensure the continuation of the Empire by taking a stand for innovations in an ever-increasing innovative-traditionalist conflict. Therefore, the life of Rauf Paşa, who had been in the Ottoman Empire for 15 years, was very important because of his efforts both to understand the political balances of his life and to clarify his ages dark points. Rauf Paşa, witnessed the removal of the Janissary during his long civil service life, the establishment of the Asakir-i Mansure and the uprising of the Egyptian governor who became an international problem shortly after his departure. The portrait of the Ottoman statesman who found his expression in Rauf Paşa’s personality was built on the union of two times, both before and after the Tanzimat. However, this union did not lead to a conflict in the political life of Rauf Paşa and managed to maintain its existence from the conflict together.KABUL VE ONAY……………………………………………………………………..i
YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI………………………...ii
ETİK BEYAN………………………………………………………………………….iii
TEŞEKKÜR…………………………………………………………………………...iv
ÖZET…………………………………………………………………………………...v
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………...vi
İÇİNDEKİLER………………………………………………………………………..vii
KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ……………………………………………………………….x
ÖNSÖZ………………………………………………………………………………..xii
GİRİŞ…………………………………………………………………………………...1
1. BÖLÜM: MEHMET EMİN RAUF PAŞA’NIN SİYASET SAHNESİNE ÇIKIŞI…………………………………………………………………………………..8
1.1. BİR YÜKSELİŞ ÖYKÜSÜ: KATİPLİKTEN SADARETE RAUF PAŞA’NIN HAYATI…………………………………………………………….8
1.2. İKİ İSYAN ARASINDA BİR SADRAZAM: MİLOŞ VE TUZCUOĞLU MESELELERİ………………………………………………………………….18
1.3. BAB-I ALİ’DE İLK ÇATIŞMA: TEPEDELENLİ MESELESİ VE RAUF PAŞA’NIN HALET EFENDİ İLE İMTİHANI………………………………...41
1.4. SADARETTEN SÜRGÜNE: SAKIZ’DA BİR HAYAT………………..51
2. BÖLÜM: MEHMET EMİN RAUF PAŞA’NIN VALİLİKLERİ VE MUTASARRIFLIKLARI……………………………………………………………..57
2.1. TEKE VE HAMİD MUTASARRIFLIĞI (11 Mart 1819-16 Ocak 1821)……………………………………………………………………………57
2.2. DİYARBEKİR VALİLİĞİ (16 Ocak 1821-3 Temmuz 1822)…………71
2.3. ERZURUM VALİLİĞİ VE ŞARK SERASKERLİĞİ (1 Kasım 1821-27 Şubat 1825)……………………………………………………………………75
2.4. KASTAMONU MUTASARRIFLIĞI (27 Şubat 1825-30 Ağustos 1827)…………………………………………………………………………..104
2.5. HALEP VALİLİĞİ (30 Ağustos 1827-1 Ekim 1828)………………..117
2.6. ŞAM VALİLİĞİ (1 Ekim 1828-19 Temmuz 1831)…………………..137
2.7. KARAHİSAR-I SAHİP VE MENTEŞE MUTASARRIFLIĞI (12 Kasım 1831- 8 Ağustos 1832)……………………………………………………...160
2.8. ANADOLU VALİLİĞİ VE ORDU KAYMAKAMLIĞI (8 Ağustos 1832-18 Şubat 1833)……………………………………………………………….164
3. BÖLÜM: MEHMET EMİN RAUF PAŞA’NIN İSTANBUL’A DÖNÜŞÜ VE SİYASİ MESELELER………………………………………………………………184
3.1. İÇ VE DIŞ SİYASETİN KESİŞME NOKTASI: MISIR……………….184
3.2. SIRBİSTAN’DA HAKİMİYET MÜCADELESİ………………………..199
3.3. YUNAN TAZMİNATINDAN BORÇ ARAYIŞINA: RAUF PAŞA VE ROTHSCHILDLER…………………………………………………………...211
4. BÖLÜM: MEHMET EMİN RAUF PAŞA VE TANZİMAT……………………220
4.1. SİYASETTE DENGE ARAYIŞLARI VE BÜROKRATİK REFORM.220
4.2. VERGİ REFORMU VE TEPKİLER …………………………………...237
4.3. ORDUDA NEFER ARAYIŞINA PRAGMATİK BİR YAKLAŞIM: REDİFLER…………………………………………………………………….249
4.4. AVRUPA UYUMU KARŞISINDA GELENEĞİN SAVUNUSU……..258
4.5. SİYASETTE SON PERDE: SADARETTEN MECLİS-İ ALİYE’YE..276
5. BÖLÜM: BİR PAŞANIN PORTRESİ: MEHMET EMİN RAUF……………..280
5.1. KİŞİLİĞİ…………………………………………………………………..280
5.2. SERVETİ, KAPI HALKI VE HAYIR ESERLERİ……………………..289
5.3. VEFATI VE BORÇLARI………………………………………………..291
SONUÇ………………………………………………………………………………294
KAYNAKÇA………………………………………………………………………...299
EK 1. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın resmi…………………………………….325
EK 2. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın ailesine ait resim………………………326
EK 3. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın ailesine ait 23 Aralık 1971 tarihli Milliyet gazetesinde yayımlanan vefat ilanı…………………………………………….327
EK 4. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın ailesine ait 15 Mayıs 2004 tarihli Hürriyet gazetesinde yayımlanan vefat ilanı…………………………………328
EK 5. Rauf Paşa’nın Sadaretine dair tevarîh-i manzume…………………..329
EK 6. Sadaret makamının Başvekalet’e çevrildiğine dair hatt-ı hümayun……………………………………………………………………………332
EK 7. Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa’nın sadarete geldiğine dair hatt-ı hümayun……………………………………………………………………………334
EK 8. Tez Çalışması Orijinallik Raporu………….…………………………….337
EK 9. Tez Çalışması Etik Komisyon Muafiyeti Formu…….……………......338III. Selim, II. Mahmud ve Abdülmecid gibi yenilik yanlısı padişahların saltanatlarını görmüş olan
devlet adamı Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa, bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu’nda büyük değişimlerin yaşandığı bir zamanda, toplamda on beş yıla yaklaşan
sadaretlerini ve yine on beş yılı bulan taşra yöneticiliklerini göz önüne aldığımızda Rauf Paşa’nın
biyografisi, devre ait siyasetin nasıl şekillendiğini anlamamıza yapacağı katkılar sebebiyle
önemlidir. Nitekim Rauf Paşa, Anadolu’daki ve Suriye’deki memuriyetleri sırasında Osmanlı-İran
savaşlarına Yeniçeri Ocağı’nın kaldırılışına, Asakir-i Mansure’nin kuruluşuna ve çıkışından kısa
bir süre sonra uluslararası soruna dönüşmüş olan Mısır valisinin isyanına tanıklık etmiştir. Kalem
terbiyesi almış olması sayesinde Rauf Paşa, XIX. yüzyılda, Babıali’nin reformları uygulayacak
kadrolara ihtiyaç duyduğu bir dönemde seyfiye kökenli bürokratlar yerine kalemiye kökenli
bürokratları tercih eden II. Mahmud’a uzun yıllar sadrazamlık yapmış ve onun ilk Başvekil’i
olmuştur. Rauf Paşa, ülkede reformların sağlam bir zemine oturması için merkezin eyaletler
üzerindeki egemenliğini yeniden tesis etmek amacıyla, taşradaki güç odaklarını ortadan
kaldırmayı planlayan II. Mahmud’un siyasi merkeziyetçilik projesini desteklemiştir. Rauf Paşa, II.
Mahmud’un vefatına yakın Tanzimat’ın üzerinde yükseleceği kurumsal dönüşümü mümkün
kılacak bürokratik reformların hazırlanmasında Mustafa Reşid Paşa ile birlikte çalışarak,
yönetimde modernleşmenin önünü açan devlet adamları arasında yer almıştır. Tanzimat’ın
ilanından sonraki sadaretlerinde de çizgisini koruyan Rauf Paşa, yenilik yanlılarıyla
muhafazakârlar arasında yaşanan mücadelede yeniliklerden yana tavır alarak, imparatorluğun
devamını sağlayacak askeri ve mali reformların gerçekleştirilmesinde önemli roller üstlenmiştir.
Dolayısıyla Rauf Paşa’nın kişiliğinde karşılığını bulan Osmanlı devlet adamı kimliği Tanzimat
öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere iki zamanın birlikteliği üzerine inşa edilmiş; ancak bu birliktelik
Rauf Paşa’nın siyasi hayatında ikiliğe yol açmamış ve çatışmadan varlığını birarada sürdürmeyi
başarmıştır
HİLAFET TARTIŞMALARI GÖLGESİNDE RAUF ORBAY’IN HİNDİSTAN SEYAHATİ
No full textTürkiye’deki yeni rejim, 1924 tarihinde Hilafeti kaldırmasıyla İslam dünyasında Hilafet kurumunun geleceğiyle ilgili yoğun tartışma dönemi başladı. Bu tartışmalarda öne çıkan devletlerin Hilafet kurumunun sorumluluğunu tek başına üstlenme konusundaki çekimserlikleri oldu. Osmanlı ve Arap eksenli Hilafet tartışmaları, Ortadoğu’da Müslüman toplumlarda önemli bir gündem oluşturdu. Hindistan dışında Osmanlı hanedanlık bakiyeleri üzerine Hilafetin temsiline/devamına sıcak bakılmadı. Bu tartışmaların yaşandığı bir süreçte Rauf Orbay’ın Hindistan seyahati, Türkiye’deki yeni rejimde kısa süreli bir tedirginliğe yol açtı. Rauf Orbay, Türkiye’deki yeni rejimin beklentilerinin aksine Hilafetin sadece bir ülkenin sorunu olmadığı bütün dünya Müslümanlarının problemi olduğu konusunda bir irade sergiledi. Cumhuriyetin kuruluş sürecinde rejimin tanımladığı Rauf Orbay ile Hindistan’da verdiği konferanslarla Hilafet kurumu hakkında tespitlerde bulunan mezkur kişi arasında derin bir fark olduğu dikkatlerden kaçmadı. Hilafet kurumunun tarihsel süreçte ortaya koyduğu pratiklerden hareketle bu kurumun İslami kesimde bir karşılığının kalmadığı yönünde bir eğilim gösterdi. Bu kurum hakkındaki açıklamaları ve beklentileri rejimin tedirginliğini ciddi manada törpüledi. Bu çalışmada Hilafetin kaldırılmasından sonra İslam devletlerinde Halifeliği tekrardan ihya etme çabaları çerçevesinde Rauf Orbay’ın Hindistan seyahatinde Hilafet konusunun hangi açıdan gündeme geldiğini incelemenin yanında Türkiye’nin bu konuya eğilimini/tavrını tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır.When the new regime in Turkey abolished the Caliphate in 1924, a period of intense discussion began in the Islamic world regarding the future of the institution of the Caliphate. The prominent states in these debates were hesitant to take the responsibility of the Caliphate alone. The Ottoman and Arab-oriented Caliphate discussions created an important agenda in Muslim societies in the Middle East. The representation/continuation of the Caliphate on the Ottoman dynastic remnants outside India was not welcomed. In a period of these discussions, Rauf Orbay's trip to India caused a short-term uneasiness in the new regime in Turkey. Contrary to the expectations of the new regime in Turkey, Rauf Orbay showed a will that the Caliphate is not only a problem of one country, but of all Muslims around the world. It did not go unnoticed that there was a profound difference between Rauf Orbay, who was defined by the regime during the establishment of the Republic, and the aforementioned person, who made observations about the Khilafah institution through the conferences he gave in India. Based on the practices of the caliphate institution in the historical process, it showed a tendency that this institution has no equivalent in the Islamic section. His statements and expectations about this institution seriously eroded the uneasiness of the regime. In this study, it is aimed to determine the tendency/attitude of Turkey to this issue as well as to examine the aspect of Rauf Orbay's trip to India within the framework of his efforts to revive the Caliphate in Islamic states after the abolition of the Caliphate
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)thiourea
No full textThe title compound, C14H9Cl3N2OS, has bond lengths and angles which are quite typical for thiourea compounds of this class. The molecule exists in the solid state in its thione form with typical thiourea C=S and C=O bond lengths, as well as shortened C-N bonds. An intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond stabilizes the molecular conformation. Intermolecular N-H...S hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form centrosymmetric dimers. Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 173 K; mean σ(C–C) = 0.002 A° ; R factor = 0.029; wR factor = 0.078; data-to-parameter ratio = 17.2
Brief summary examination of mehmed rauf's work named Kadin İsterse by transferring into new letters
No full textMehmed Rauf is one of the favorite and most-read authors among the generation of the Servet-i Fünun. In this study, Mehmed Rauf's work named Kadın İsterse has been examined by transferring into new letters, and its point of view towards woman and family has been addressed within the frame of effects of the period of the Servet-i Fünun, which the author belongs to. Aim of the research is to examine Mehmed Rauf's work named Kadın İsterse by transferring into new letters. In the study, life of Mehmed Rauf, his literary personality, and his works have been examined in separate chapters. His work named Kadın İsterse has been transferred into new letters, and it has been examined under the titles of group of characters, place, time, and genre. Genre of the author varies in between his stories. It has been seen that while he reflected the genre of the literary community of the Servet-i Fünun at some point, he wrote his stories with a plain and simple genre at another. It has been observed that Mehmed Rauf frequently used punctuation marks in his work named Kadın İsterse. This situation results from the effort of the generation of the Servet-i Fünun to adapt the French sentence structure to our language, and to use the effect of the punctuation marks. In this context, another main aim of the study is to handle the matter of family and woman in Ottoman, with the starting point being the Mehmed Rauf's work named Kadın İsterse. Implications gathered from this examination have been evaluated, and according to this, it has been seen that the work named Kadın İsterse is one that has a dominant psychological feature. Mehmed Rauf addressed woman sensitivity, woman's place and importance in family, and he reflected these on his works. In short, Mehmed Rauf, in this work of him, addressed the matters related to the place of women in society, and family life. Key Words : Mehmed Rauf, Servet-i Fünun, Turkish Narration, Woman, FamilyMehmed Rauf, Servet-i Fünûn nesli içinde en beğenilen ve okunan yazarlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, Mehmed Rauf'un Kadın İsterse adlı eseri yeni harflere aktarılarak incelenmiş, yazarın içinde bulunduğu Servet-i Fünûn döneminin etkileri çerçevesinde kadına ve aileye bakış açısı ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın hedefi Mehmed Rauf'un Kadın İsterse adlı eserinin yeni harflere aktarılarak incelenmesidir. Çalışmada Mehmed Rauf'un hayatı, edebî şahsiyeti ve eserleri ayrı bir bölüm olarak ele alınmıştır. Kadın İsterse adlı eser yeni harflere aktarılıp, şahıs kadrosu, mekân, zaman, üslûp başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Yazarın üslûbu hikâyelerinde değişkenlik göstermektedir. Bir yerde Servet-i Fünûn edebî topluluğunun üslûbunu yansıtırken, başka bir yerde daha sade ve anlaşır bir üslûpla hikâyelerini kaleme almıştır. Mehmed Rauf'un Kadın İsterse adlı eserinde noktalama işaretlerinden oldukça yararlandığı gözlenmiştir. Bu durum aynı zamanda Servet-i Fünûn neslinin Fransız cümle yapısını dilimize uyarlama gayretinden ve noktalama işaretlerinin tesirinden yararlanma gayretinden doğmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın bir diğer temel amacı, Mehmed Rauf'un Kadın İsterse adlı eserinden hareketle, Osmanlı'da aile ve kadın meselesinin de ele alınmasıdır. Bu incelemenin sonucunda elde edilen çıkarımlar değerlendirilmiş buna göre Kadın İsterse adlı eserin psikolojik yönü ağır basan bir eser olduğu görülmüştür. Mehmed Rauf, kadın hassasiyetini, kadının aile içindeki yerini ve önemini ele almış, bunu eserlerine yansıtmıştır. Kısacası Mehmed Rauf bu eserinde, kadınların toplumdaki yeri ve aile hayatını ilgilendiren meseleleri ele almıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Mehmed Rauf, Servet-i Fünûn, Türk Hikâyeciliği, Kadın, Ail
Nutraceuticals: A holistic approach to disease prevention
No full textThe term nutraceuticals is applied to the products isolated from the herbal sources, nutrients or dietary supplements, processed foods, (cereals, soup and beverages) and specific diets, that may also used as medicine other than nutrition. It usually refers to the foods derived products which may sell in medicinal form, possessing physiological benefits to the host while promoting health and wellness and provide protection against chronic disorders. They may also increase the life expectancy, delay the aging and/or support the structure and function of the body organs. Demand for nutraceuticals with potential to prevent and treat chronic disorders has been interestingly increasing over the past few years. Based on food sources, nutraceuticals are classified into dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, polyphenols and spices. A dietary supplement is generally considered as product containing vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and medicinal plants that are indented to be used to supplement the diet or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these ingredients. Broadly, nutraceuticals are any of these ingredients or supplements using for health purposes other than nutrition. This book on the fundamentals of Nutraceuticals is organized in two parts i.e., the introductory aspects of macro- and micro-nutrients, gut microbiota regulation, nutraceuticals and drug interactions, while the second part is focusing on the biological benefits of nutraceuticals in different disease states. Besides, this book is also addressing the safety aspects of nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutic support in pregnancy. Including contributions from the experts in the field, target audience (pharmacists, nutritionists, other healthcare providers, and researchers in food and nutrition sector) will be benefited with the updated literature on nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. Provides the basics of nutraceuticals. Describes the biological benefits of nutraceuticals in detail, targeting different organ systems
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