1,720,962 research outputs found
Studying the Impact of Infrastructure on Cyclist Route Selection: Real-world Data Mining
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pool-spetsiifiliste BHT biosensorite uurimine biosensor-riviks
Full text linkVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Reovee reostuse taset määratakse selle biokeemilise hapnikutarbe alusel (BHT). BHT iseloomustab hapniku hulka, mis on vajalik proovis leiduva orgaanilise aine biokeemiliseks lagundamiseks. Kuigi BHT analüüs ei ole spetsiifiline ühelegi saasteainele, on see siiski väga oluline üldine indikaator aine potentsiaalsest keskkonnaohtlikkusest pinnavetele. Paraku kulub analüüsi tulemuste saamiseks 5 või 7 päeva ning seetõttu on reoveepuhastusseadmete juhtimine selliseid teste kasutades väga keeruline.
Antud probleemi lahendamiseks koostati lihtsad ja usaldusväärsed pool-spetsiifilised BHT biosensorid, mis võimaldasid tulemuse saada vähem, kui 30 minutiga. Antud biosensoritega oli võimalik hinnata BHT-d, mis oli põhjustatud raskesti lagundatavatest ühenditest, mille suhtes nad olid pool-spetsiifilised. Samas kui universaalne biosensor ja biosensorid, mis on pool-spetsiifilised mõnele teisele raskesti lagundatavale ühendile, ei määranud seda ja alahindasid proovi BHT7 umbkaudu selle raskesti lagundatava ühendi poolt tekitatud BHT väärtuses, 10-25%.
Kuigi biosensorid alahindasid enamike reaalsete tööstuslike reoveeproovide BHT7, võimaldasid pool-spetsiifilised biosensorid siiski saada täpsemaid tulemusi kui universaalne biosensor, mis alahindas proovi BHT7 suuremas ulatuses. Seega on pool-spetsiifilised biosensorid sobivamad BHT mõõtmiseks tööstuslikes reovetes, kui universaalne biosensor, kuid ainult juhul, kui on olemas eelinfo proovi koostise ja päritolu kohta, mis võimaldab valida sobiva pool-spetsiifilise biosensori.
Antud probleem lahendati erinevate pool-spetsiifiliste biosensorite ühendamisega sensor-riviks – „bioelektrooniliseks keeleks“. Selle sensor-rivi signaali analüüsiks rakendati mitmemõõtmelise andmete analüüsi meetodeid. Antud meetodite rakendamisel võimaldas PCA eristada proove nende koostise ja BHT7 väärtuse alusel ning PLS võimaldas märgatavalt paremini hinnata proovide BHT7 väärtusi kõigis proovides.Pollution load of wastewaters is determined on the basis of their biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) which measures the oxygen required for the biochemical degradation of organic material. Although the BOD test is not specific to any pollutant, it continues to be one of the important general indicators of the substance potential to be an environmental pollutant for surface waters. However, it takes 5 or 7 days to gain results and management of wastewater treatment facilities can be very difficult using this kind of tests.
To address this limitation, simple and reliable semi-specific BOD biosensors were constructed which enabled us to gain results within less than 30 minutes. In addition, these biosensors can measure BOD derived from refractory compounds to which they are semi-specific. Therefore, better estimation of BOD is gained. On the other hand, universal biosensor and biosensors not semi-specific to that certain refractory compound cannot detect it and thus, underestimate the BOD7 of the sample to the extent made up by this compound, 10-25%.
Although biosensors underestimated the BOD7 of most real industrial wastewater samples, the semi-specific biosensors still produced better correlation of sensor-BOD and BOD7 in real samples than universal biosensor which underestimated the BOD7 of samples to a greater extent. Therefore, semi–specific biosensors are more appropriate for measuring BOD in specific industrial wastewaters than universal biosensor. However, it is vital to have a prior knowledge about samples composition and origin to select the suitable sensor.
This problem was overcome by using different biosensors as an array – bioelectronic tongue - and application of multivariate data analysis. Qualitative information was extracted by using PCA, which enabled us to distinguish different samples by their composition and BOD7 values. In addition, PLS was used for quantitative analysis which resulted in good correlation of sensor-BOD and BOD7 in all samples
The influence of infrastructure to cyclist route choice in Bologna
No full textDue to urbanization and increased environmental awareness, lot of effort has been paid to promoting sustainable mobility modes. Cycling is one option to replace motorized transport in cities. To achieve this shift, the urban environment must be transformed to more suitable for cyclist. The goal of this thesis is to study the spatial and temporal patterns of cyclist and study the influence of cycling infrastructure to the cyclist’s route choice.
Data collected from Bologna for 6 months was used to gain insight into cyclist behaviour and preferences in urban environment. The cycling in Bologna is used as a transport mode mostly in short and medium length distance trips. The results revealed the routine of cyclist in different periods – peak hours in workday morning and evening and periods with lower activities during weekends. Generally, cyclist prefer streets with good cycling infrastructure and avoid streets with intense traffic. In the suburban area, cyclist prefer bigger roads which lead towards city centre, while in city centre preference is on roads which avoid narrow streets in old town. The results of this thesis will help to see the reasons behind specific route preferences, and this can be used to find opportunities to improve the cycling infrastructure for a better and safer urban environment
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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