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Social support and functioning in a patient with spinal cord injury
No full textThis study reports on a patient with spinal cord injury (SCI) in whom the interaction between social skills and social support seems to influence functioning. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as a reference framework. Qualitative (i.e. observation, structured, and open interviews with the patient and health professionals) and quantitative data (i.e. spinal cord independence measure, medical records) were collected. Content analysis of the interviews was carried out to identify aspects of social skills and social support. An ICF-based documentation tool (i.e. ICF Assessment Sheet) was used to structure information about the level of functioning of body functions and structures, activity and participation, and environmental and personal factors of a 57-year-old man with incomplete paraplegia during first rehabilitation. The patient presented a variety of effective social skills (i.e. assertiveness, goal direction). However, the adaptation of skills, such as asking for help social problem-solving, sensitivity, and expressivity in social relations, became necessary to acquire. The patient received different types of social support (i.e. emotional, informational, and instrumental) from different sources (e.g. family and friends). The qualitative interviews provided indications for an interaction between social skills and social support. The impact of social skills and social support on functioning is discussed. Social skills can mobilize social support and enhance functioning. However, better understanding of social skills, social support, and their interaction in relation to functioning in SCI is required to develop targeted and effective interventions to strengthen psychosocial resources for the enhancement of functioning in patients with SCI.Die vorliegende Studie berichtet von einem Patienten mit einer Rückenmarksverletzung, dessen Interaktion von sozialer Kompetenz und soziale Unterstützung seine Funktionsfähigkeit zu beeinflussen scheint. Die Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) wurde als Referenz hinzugezogen. Erfasst wurden qualitative (d. h. Beobachtungen, strukturierte und offene Interviews mit dem Patienten sowie Angehörigen des Reha-Teams) und quantitative Daten (d. h. SCIM-Selbständigkeitsindex, Patientenakte). Eine Inhaltsanalyse der Interviews wurde durchgeführt, um Aspekte der sozialen Kompetenz und sozialen Unterstützung zu ermitteln. Ein ICF-basiertes Dokumentationstool (d. h. der ICF Assessment Sheet) wurde zur Strukturierung von Informationen über das Niveau der Funktionsfähigkeit aufgrund der Körperfunktionen und -strukturen, Aktivität und Partizipation (Teilhabe) sowie Umwelt- und personenbezogene Faktoren eines 57-jährigen Mannes mit unvollständiger Paraplegie bei der Erstrehabilitation herangezogen. Der Patient zeigte eine Vielfalt effektiver sozialer Kompetenzen (d. h. Selbstbehauptung, Zielstrebigkeit). Kompetenzen wie um Hilfe bitten, soziale Problemlösung, Sensitivität und Expressivität bei sozialen Beziehungen mussten jedoch angepasst werden. Der Patient erhielt von unterschiedlichen Seiten (z. B. Familie und Freunde) soziale Unterstützung unterschiedlicher Art (d. h. emotionaler, informativer und instrumenteller Art). Die qualitativen Interviews gaben Aufschluss über eine Interaktion von sozialer Kompetenz und sozialer Unterstützung. Die Auswirkung von sozialer Kompetenz und sozialer Unterstützung auf die Funktionsfähigkeit wird diskutiert. Soziale Kompetenzen können soziale Unterstützung mobilisieren und die Funktionsfähigkeit verbessern. Ein besseres Verständnis von sozialer Kompetenz, sozialer Unterstützung und ihrer Interaktion mit Bezug auf die Funktionsfähigkeit bei Rückenmarksverletzungen ist erforderlich, um gezielte und effektive Interventionen zwecks Kräftigung psychosozialer Ressourcen zur Verbesserung der Funktionsfähigkeit bei Patienten mit Rückenmarksverletzungen zu entwickeln.Este estudio informa sobre un paciente con lesión de la médula espinal (LME) en el que la interacción entre sus aptitudes sociales y el apoyo social parece ejercer cierta influencia en su salud. Como marco de referencia, se utilizó la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF). Se recopilaron datos cualitativos (entrevistas de observación, abiertas y estructuradas con el paciente y los profesionales de la salud) y cuantitativos (medidas de independencia de la médula espinal, historiales médicos). Se llevó a cabo el análisis del contenido de las entrevistas con el fin de identificar aspectos relacionados con las aptitudes sociales y el apoyo social. Se utilizó una herramienta de documentación basada en CIF (formulario de evaluación de CIF) para poder estructurar la información sobre el nivel de funcionamiento de las funciones y estructuras corporales, la actividad y la participación, y los factores ambientales y personales de un hombre de 57 años con paraplejia incompleta durante su primera rehabilitación. El paciente presentó una variedad de aptitudes sociales efectivas (autoafirmación, orientación a los objetivos). Sin embargo, el paciente no era capaz de llevar a cabo la adaptación de las aptitudes, tales como solicitar ayuda para solucionar problemas sociales, la susceptibilidad y la expresividad en las relaciones sociales. El paciente recibió varios tipos de apoyo social (emocional, informativo e instrumental) procedentes de distintas fuentes (como, por ejemplo, familia y amigos). Las entrevistas cualitativas ofrecieron indicaciones para la interacción entre las aptitudes sociales y el apoyo social. Se analizó la influencia de las aptitudes sociales y el apoyo social en la salud. Las aptitudes sociales pueden promover el apoyo social y mejorar el rendimiento de la salud. No obstante, se precisa un mayor entendimiento de las aptitudes sociales, el apoyo social y su interacción con respecto al funcionamiento de LME, de modo que puedan desarrollarse intervenciones específicas y efectivas con el fin de fortalecer los recursos psicológicos y, por tanto, mejorar la salud de los pacientes con LME.Cette étude présente un patient souffrant d’une lésion de la moelle épinière dans laquelle l'interaction entre les compétences sociales et le soutien social semblent influencer le fonctionnement. La Classification internationale du fonctionnement, du handicap et de la santé (CIF) a été utilisée comme cadre de référence. Des données qualitatives (à savoir par l’observation, structurées, et des entretiens ouverts avec les patient et les professionnels de la santé) et quantitatives (c.-à-d. mesure de l'indépendance de la moelle épinière, dossiers médicaux) ont été recueillies. Une analyse du contenu des entretiens a été effectuée pour identifier les aspects des compétences sociales et du soutien social. Un outil de documentation basé sur la classification CIF (fiche d’évaluation CIF) a été utilisé pour structurer les informations sur le niveau de fonctionnement des fonctions et structures corporelles, les activités et la participation, et les facteurs environnementaux et personnels d'un homme de 57 ans souffrant d'une paraplégie incomplète lors de la première rééducation. Le patient présentait une série de compétences sociales efficaces (à savoir affirmation de soi, orientation vers un objectif). Toutefois, l'adaptation des compétences, comme demander de l'aide pour résoudre les problèmes sociaux, la sensibilité et l'expressivité dans les relations sociales, a dû être acquise. Le patient a reçu différents types de soutien social (à savoir émotionnel, informatif et instrumental) en provenance de différentes sources (par exemple la famille et les amis). Les entretiens qualitatifs ont donné des indications pour une interaction entre les aptitudes sociales et le soutien social. L'impact des compétences sociales et du soutien social sur le fonctionnement est discutée. Les compétences sociales peuvent mobiliser le soutien social et améliorer le fonctionnement. Toutefois, une meilleure compréhension des compétences sociales, du soutien social et de leur interaction dans le cadre du fonctionnement en cas de lésion spinale est nécessaire pour développer des interventions ciblées et efficaces en vue de renforcer les ressources psychosociales pour améliorer le fonctionnement chez les patients atteints de lésion spinale
Validation of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for obstructive pulmonary diseases from the perspective of physiotherapists
No full textBackground and purpose: The 'Comprehensive ICF Core Set for obstructive pulmonary diseases' (OPD) is an application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and represents the typical spectrum of problems in functioning of patients with OPD. To optimize a multidisciplinary and patient-oriented approach in pulmonary rehabilitation, in which physiotherapy plays an important role, the ICF offers a standardized language and understanding of functioning. For it to be a useful tool for physiotherapists in rehabilitation of patients with OPD, the objective of this study was to validate this Comprehensive ICF Core Set for OPD from the perspective of physiotherapists.Method: A three-round survey based on the Delphi technique of physiotherapists who are experienced in the treatment of OPD asked about the problems, resources and aspects of environment of patients with OPD that physiotherapists treat in clinical practice (physiotherapy intervention categories). Responses were linked to the ICF and compared with the existing Comprehensive ICF Core Set for OPD.Results: Fifty-one physiotherapists from 18 countries named 904 single terms that were linked to 124 ICF categories, 9 personal factors and 16 'not classified' concepts. The identified ICF categories were mainly third-level categories compared with mainly second-level categories of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for OPD. Seventy of the ICF categories, all personal factors and 15 'not classified' concepts gained more than 75% agreement among the physiotherapists. Of these ICF categories, 55 (78.5%) were covered by the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for OPD.Conclusion: The validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for OPD was largely supported by the physiotherapists. Nevertheless, ICF categories that were not covered, personal factors and not classified terms offer opportunities towards the final ICF Core Set for OPD and further research to strengthen physiotherapists' perspective in pulmonary rehabilitation
Stress, internal resources and functioning in a person with spinal cord disease
No full textIntroduction: Spinal cord lesion due to injury or disease (SCD) has a severe impact on the level of functioning, results in body function impairments, causes restrictions in everyday life, and stress. This stress experience can have an additional negative impact on well-being and health of persons with SCD. Stress reduction is therefore an important aim in order to achieve and maintain health in SCD. Strengthening internal resources of a person can support this endeavor. Objective: To describe the role of internal resources for stress reduction as rehabilitation target in the context of interdisciplinary clinical rehabilitation of SCD using ICF-based rehabilitation management tools. Methods: Single Case Study. Results: Strengthening internal resources contributed to stress reduction in the rehabilitation of a person with SCD. Active involvement in decision taking increased the patient's perceived self-determination and reduced stress. Impairments in urination function remained a major stressor and negatively affected the patient's self-esteem. ICF-based documentation tools highlighted the role of internal resources, stress and functioning in rehabilitation management. Conclusion: Internal resources should be strengthened when aiming at stress reduction in a patient with SCD. ICF-based documentation tools support this undertaking
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Identifying the concepts contained in outcome measures of clinical trials on four internal disorders using the international classification of functioning, disability and health as a reference
Get PDFObjectives: To systematically identify and compare the concepts contained in outcome measures of clinical trials on chronic ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and obstructive pulmonary disease, including asthma using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a reference.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials between 1993 and 2003 were located in MEDLINE and selected according predefined criteria. The outcome measures were extracted and the concepts contained in the outcome measures were linked by so called “linking rules” to the ICF.
Results: 166 trials on chronic ischemic heart disease, 227 trials on diabetes mellitus, 428 trials on obesity and 253 trials on obstructive pulmonary disease were included. 10 different health status questionnaires were extracted in chronic ischemic heart disease, 19 in diabetes mellitus, 47 in obesity, 39 in obstructive pulmonary disease. Across conditions at least 75% (range: 75-92%) of the extracted concepts could be linked to the ICF. In diabetes mellitus and obesity the most used ICF- categories were ‘general metabolic functions’ (b540), in obstructive pulmonary disease ‘respiratory functions’ (b440) and in chronic ischemic heart disease ‘heart functions’ (b410).
Conclusions: In all four health conditions the majority of studies were drug trials focusing on clinically relevant parameters and not on functioning. The ICF provides a useful reference to identify and quantify the concepts contained in outcome measures used in clinical trials
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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