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Towards a legal system to protect foreign tourists in light of Qatar's organization of the 2022 World Cup - a comparative analytical study.
Full text linkلقد سلط هذا البحث الضوء على إشكالية قانونية مهمة تتعلق بعدم كفاية النظام القانوني الحالي لحماية السائح في دولة قطر، والمتمثل في القانون رقم 20 لسنة 2018، بشأن تنظيم الساحة مع مقتضيات تنظيمها لكأس العالم 2022. ومن ثم كان الهدف من هذا البحث بيان أوجه الحماية المدنية للسائح الأجنبي في علاقته بالوكالات والشركات السياحية، في ضوء أحكام عقد السياحية، وذلك من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية ذات الصلة بموضع البحث، ثم اتباع المنهج المقارن لإبراز نقاط الضعف والقوة بين القوانين محل الدراسة، وصولًا إلى حلول قانونية لبعض الإشكاليات التي يطرحها هذا البحث، ومن ثم كان تم تقسيم هذا البحث إلى ثلاثة مباحث: تناولنا في المبحث الأول للنظام القانوني لحماية السائح في دولة قطر، وخصصنا المبحث الثاني لبيان مظاهر الحماية المدنية للسائح في القانون الفرنسي، وصولًا في المبحث الثالث نحو اقتراح نظام حماية مدنية للسائح في دولة قطر.This study has concentrated on a significant legal issue concerning the inadequacy of the current legal regulations in order to protect tourists in the State of Qatar, in accordance with Law No. 20 of 2018 in organizing situations in World Cup 2022. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the civil protection aspects of foreign tourists in their relations with tourism agencies and companies under the provisions of the tourism contract through a deep analysis of legal provisions related to the subject of research, by following the comparative methods to highlight the strengths and weaknesses between the laws in order to reach legal solutions to some of the issues presented in this study. Thus, this research is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the legal regulations that protect tourists in the State of Qatar. The second one discusses the aspects of civil protection for tourists in comparison with the French Law. And lastly, focusing on the presented proposals that provides a comprehensive legal protection for tourists in Qatar
أثر جائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد على التزام المدين بالتنفيذ العيني لالتزاماته – دراسة تحليلية مقارنة في القانونين القطري والفرنسي
Full text linkأدّت جائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد، وما تبعها من إجراءات الحد من انتشارها التي اتخذتها الحكومات، إلى إثارة التساؤل عما يمكن أن يقدمه القانون المدني من آليات لإقامة التوازن بين حق الدائن في اقتضاء التنفيذ العيني من جهة، وحق المدين؛ في ألا يجبَر على التنفيذ إذا صار مستحيلًا، أو أرهق إرهاقًا جسيمًا من جهة أخرى. ورغم ما يمكن أن تقدمه كل من نظريتي الظروف الطارئة والقوة القاهرة من حلول لهذه المشكلة، فإن الدراسة المتعمقة أثبتت أن نظرية الأجل يمكن أن تلعب دورًا لا يقل أهمية، بل إنها يمكن أن تقدم حلًا أفضل يكفل الإبقاء على العلاقة العقدية، ويحقق التوازن بين حقوق الدائن وحقوق المدين. ومن ثم جاءت هذه الدراسة في ثلاثة مباحث؛ عرضنا في الأول منها، لنظرية الظروف الطارئة كآلية لمواجهة آثار جائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد، وفي المبحث الثاني، تناولنا نظرية القوة القاهرة، كآلية لمواجهة آثار جائحة كورونا، والمبحث الثالث خصصناه لنظرية الأجل كآلية لمواجهة آثار جائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد.The Coronavirus pandemic, and the entailed measures taken by governments to limit its spread, have raised the question of what mechanisms the civil law can offer to establish a balance between the creditor's right to request a specific enforcement from one hand, and the debtor's right to ask for non−execution if the conditions become impossible or too burdensome on the other hand. Despite the important role of the Force Majeure and Emergency circumstances (Hardship) theories in offering a better solution to this problem, the in−depth study has proven that not only the Term theory (grace period) could play an equally important role, but it also can be a better solution to maintain the contractual relationship and balance between both creditor’s and debtor's rights. This study is divided into three chapters: The first presents the theory of emergency circumstances (hardship) as a mechanism to deal with the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic, the second addresses the theory of force majeure as a mechanism to deal with the effects of the pandemic and the third is dedicated to the theory of term as a mechanism to counter its effect
المسؤولية المدنية عن الأضرار التي تحدثها الرسالة الإعلانية بالمخاطبين بها – دراسة تحليلية مقارنة في القانونين القطري والفرنسي
Full text linkالرسالة الإعلانية هي الوسيلة التي لا غنى عنها لتحقيق الارتباط بين المنتجين والموزعين من جهة، وبين جمهور المستهلكين من جهة أخرى. لكن قيامها بدورها يفترض أن تكون معبرة بصدق وأمانة عن خصائص السلعة أو الخدمة محل الإعلان. فإذا انحرفت عن هذا المبدأ، فإنها تدخل في إطار التضليل والخداع. فإذا نتج عنها ضرر لأحد المخاطبين بها، سواء أكان متعاقدًا أم غير متعاقد، يحق لهذا المتضرر أن يرجع بالتعويض، إما على المعلن الذي قدَّم المعلومات المغلوطة التي تضمنتها الرسالة الإعلانية، وإما على الوكالة الإعلانية التي قامت بتصميم الرسالة، وضمنتها معلومات تعلم أنها غير صحيحة. واستنادًا إلى ما تقدم يتعين التطرق إلى تحديد ماهية الرسالة الإعلانية الضارة، والأطراف المسؤولة عن نشرها، و المسؤولية المدنية لوكالة الإعلان عن الرسالة الإعلانية الضارة، والمسؤولية المدنية للمعلن المهني عن الرسالة الإعلانية الضارة.Advertising message is the indispensable means of achieving linkage between producers and distributors on the one hand and consumers on the other.Howeverin order to fulfill its rolethe advertising message is supposed to express truth and honesty about the characteristics of the advertised commodity or service.If the advertising message deviates from this principleit falls under the framework of mis-leading and deception. and if it causes harm to whom it is addressed (whether contractor or not)the victim can claim compensationeither from the advertiser who provided the false information contained in the advertising messageor from the advertising agency that designed the message and deliberately included false and dishonest information. Based on thatand according to the comparative analytical methodwe divided this re-search to three sections. The first one sheds light on the nature of the harmful adver-tising message and the parties responsible for its publicationand in the second one we talked about the civil liability of the advertising agency for the harmful advertising mes-sage. In the third sectionwe addressed the civil liability of the professional advertiser for the advertising harmful messag
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Towards a legal system to protect foreign tourists in light of Qatar's organization of the 2022 World Cup - a comparative analytical study
No full textلقد سلط هذا البحث الضوء على إشكالية قانونية مهمة تتعلق بعدم كفاية النظام القانوني الحالي لحماية السائح في دولة قطر، والمتمثل في القانون رقم 20 لسنة 2018، بشأن تنظيم الساحة مع مقتضيات تنظيمها لكأس العالم 2022. ومن ثم كان الهدف من هذا البحث بيان أوجه الحماية المدنية للسائح الأجنبي في علاقته بالوكالات والشركات السياحية، في ضوء أحكام عقد السياحية، وذلك من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية ذات الصلة بموضع البحث، ثم اتباع المنهج المقارن لإبراز نقاط الضعف والقوة بين القوانين محل الدراسة، وصولًا إلى حلول قانونية لبعض الإشكاليات التي يطرحها هذا البحث، ومن ثم كان تم تقسيم هذا البحث إلى ثلاثة مباحث: تناولنا في المبحث الأول للنظام القانوني لحماية السائح في دولة قطر، وخصصنا المبحث الثاني لبيان مظاهر الحماية المدنية للسائح في القانون الفرنسي، وصولًا في المبحث الثالث نحو اقتراح نظام حماية مدنية للسائح في دولة قطر.This study has concentrated on a significant legal issue concerning the inadequacy of the current legal regulations in order to protect tourists in the State of Qatar, in accordance with Law No. 20 of 2018 in organizing situations in World Cup 2022. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the civil protection aspects of foreign tourists in their relations with tourism agencies and companies under the provisions of the tourism contract through a deep analysis of legal provisions related to the subject of research, by following the comparative methods to highlight the strengths and weaknesses between the laws in order to reach legal solutions to some of the issues presented in this study. Thus, this research is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the legal regulations that protect tourists in the State of Qatar. The second one discusses the aspects of civil protection for tourists in comparison with the French Law. And lastly, focusing on the presented proposals that provides a comprehensive legal protection for tourists in Qatar
Civil liability arising from damages caused by the advertising message to its audience - a Comparative analytical studyin the Qatari and French laws
Full text linkAdvertising message is the indispensable means of achieving linkage between producers and distributors on the one hand and consumers on the other.
However, in order to fulfill its role, the advertising message is supposed to express truth and honesty about the characteristics of the advertised commodity or service.
If the advertising message deviates from this principle, it falls under the framework of misleading and deception. and if it causes harm to whom it is addressed (whether contractor or not), the victim can claim compensation, either from the advertiser who provided the false information contained in the advertising message, or from the advertising agency that designed the message and deliberately included false and dishonest information.
Based on that, and according to the comparative analytical method, we divided this research to three sections. The first one sheds light on the nature of the harmful advertising message and the parties responsible for its publication, and in the second one we talked about the civil liability of the advertising agency for the harmful advertising message. In the third section, we addressed the civil liability of the professional advertiser for the advertising harmful message
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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