1,720,980 research outputs found
Isoprenoid emission in trees of Quercus pubescens and Quercus ilex with lifetime exposure to naturally high CO2 environment
No full textThe power of communication: biogenic volatile organic compound-mediated interactions in land plants and marine phytoplankton
No full textIn this chapter, we summarize current knowledge on the diverse ecological functions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in biotic interactions among living organisms of both terrestrial and marine habitats, at the individual and community levels. Research on the regulatory ecology of BVOCs in these systems shows how these compounds are crucial determinants of the “eco-active chemosphere” (i.e., the ecological environmental interface where multiorganisms interactions are chemically mediated) of both land plants and phytoplankton. Beyond the plant-insect communication mediated by BVOCs, it is becoming clear that volatiles act as fundamental chemical mediators in plant-microorganism interactions, particularly with fungi or bacteria. Moreover, research on the role of BVOCs in aquatic systems has been poorly explored, while the ecological function of BVOCs as crucial chemical cues is emerging also for this environment. These aspects are described in relation to exemplary multiorganism systems that are critical in terrestrial or marine habitats: (1) on land, the aboveground plant-phytopathogen and (2) the belowground plant-beneficial microbiome systems; (3) in water, the phytoplankton-marine communities’ system. We highlight how different mechanisms and processes driven by BVOCs are activated depending on the form of associations between organisms (detrimental vs beneficial). Indeed, BVOCs may have either beneficial or adverse effects on the receiver organism by playing a direct (antimicrobial activity and allelopathy) or indirect (induced resistance) defensive role, and in mutualistic associations by acting as growth-promoting effectors or stress mitigators. We conclude with novel perspectives based on the meta-organism concept that could contribute to better characterizing the complexity of the ecological roles of BVOCs at different organism-microorganism interfaces
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Role of xanthophyll cycle-mediated photoprotection in Arbutus unedo plants exposed to water stress during the Mediterranean summer.
No full textIsoprenoid emissions and physiological activities of Mediterranean macchia vegetation under field conditions
No full textCopper-induced responses in poplar clones are associated with genotype- and organ-specific changes in peroxidase activity and proline, polyamine, ABA, and IAA levels
No full textThe involvement of auxin, abscisic acid (ABA),
polyamines (PAs), and proline in adaptation to long-term
exposure of woody plants to high levels of heavy metals in
soil has received scant attention, even in poplar which is a
good candidate for phytoremediation of metal-polluted
soils and is regarded as a model for basic research in tree
species. Three poplar clones (M1, PE19/66, and B229)
were comparatively analyzed in a pot experiment for their
responses to 300 mg kg -1 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 at morphological,
physiological, and biochemical levels. After 4 months,
despite the prevalent accumulation of Cu in roots, where
the metal reached potentially toxic concentrations, the
three clones showed distinct Cu accumulation and
translocation capacities, whereas they did not display evi-
dent toxicity symptoms or growth inhibition. Several pro-
tective mechanisms, namely decreased photosynthetic
functionality, enhanced guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD)
activity, and accumulation of proline and PAs, were dif-
ferentially activated in Cu-treated plants in an organ- and
clone-specific manner. Overall, a positive relationship
between root Cu concentration with GPOD, proline, and
PAs was observed. In M1, higher Cu accumulation in roots
and leaves compared with other clones was reflected in stimulation of GPOD activity in both organs and in
enhanced proline, and PA levels. In PE19/66, these
responses were observed only in roots concomitant with
high Cu accumulation. Clone B229 accumulated very low
amounts of Cu, therefore, these defense responses were
attenuated compared with other clones. Enhanced ABA
concentrations in response to Cu were observed in PE19/66
and B229; this was likely responsible for stomatal limita-
tion of photosynthesis in PE19/66, whereas in B229 this
effect may have been counteracted by increased IAA.
Essentially unchanged leaf auxin levels under Cu stress
may account for the lack of shoot growth inhibition
observed in all three clones; B229 was the only clone that
displayed Cu-induced IAA accumulation in roots. Results
are discussed in terms of clone-specific adaptive mecha-
nisms to Cu stress in tolerant poplars
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