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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Ensuring road safety for pedestrians during wintertime
No full textKristiine, Nõmme ja Põhja-Tallinna linnosas läbi viidud vaatluste tulemustel, selgusid kõige sagedamini esinevad probleemid jalakäijate jaoks talvistes liiklusoludes. Kõige sagedasemalt täheldatud probleemideks olid vastavalt:
• teostamata või puudulikult teostatud talihooldustööd ja libedusetõrje puhastusalal,
• puudulikult teostatud libedusetõrje kõnniteedel,
• lumevallid ülekäiguraja otsades,
• piiramata ohuala kinnistute ümber katustel varitseva ohu suhtes,
• teeääres parkivad ning seeläbi talihooldetöid takistavad mootorsõidukid,
• kõrged ning pidevalt kasvavad lumevallid teeääres, mis piiravad nii jalakäijate kui ka mootorsõidukijuhtide vaatevälja.
Vaatluse andmeid analüüsides selgus, et esinenud probleemid sõltuvad suures osas linnaosa eripäradest ning planeeringust. Põhja-Tallinnas esines kõige rohkem probleeme kinnistu omanike poolt puudulikult hooldatud puhastusaladega. Piiramata ohualaga katustel varitseva ohu suhtes. Sõidutee ääres parkivate ning seeläbi lumekoristustöid takistavate mootorsõidukitega. Puuduliku libedusetõrjega kõnniteedel ning lumevallidega ülekäiguraja otstes. Kristiine linnaosas esines kõige rohkem probleeme puudulikult teostatud libedusetõrjega kõnniteedel. Tee ääres parkivate ning lumekoristustöid takistavate mootorsõidukitega ning vaatevälja piiravate kõrgete lumevallidega. Nõmme linnaosas esines kõige rohkem probleeme puudulikult teostatud hooldustöödega puhastusalal. Lumevallidega ülekäiguraja otsetes ning vaatevälja piiravate kõrgete lumekuhjadega.
Analüüsi käigus, kus kõrvutati leitud probleeme intervjueeritud ametkondade esindajate poolt väljatoodud murekohtadega, selgus, et vaatluse käigus täheldatud probleemid kattuvad. Välja toodud probleeme analüüsiti lähtuvalt kehtivatest määrustest, et leida probleemide tekkepõhjused, eesmärgiga leida murekohtadele lahendusi. Lõppeesmärk oli leida probleemidele ratsionaalseid ning lihtsaid lahendusi toetudes seni kasutusel olevatele lahendusmeetoditele ning omalt poolt tähendades neid.
Puudulikult teostatud lumekoristustööde ning libedusetõrje puhastusalal korral oleks oluline panna rõhk probleemi ennetustööle näiteks läbi kampaania, et varakult juhtida kinnistuomanike tähelepanu saabuva talvega kaasnevatele hooldustöödele. Selleks, et kinnistu omanikud vajaduse korral juba varakult otsiks teenusepakkuja, kes teostaks hooldustöid vastavalt puhastusalal. Teostada suuremat kontrolli kinnistu omanike poolt hooldatavate puhastusalade üle, eriti puhastusaladele, kus esineb pidevalt hooldustöödes puuduseid, et juba varakult juhtida tähelepanu esinevatele puudustele. Suuremate ning pidevate rikkujate suhtes rakendada kiiremini ning suuremaid trahvisummasid. Kinnistute puhul, kus esineb pidevalt probleeme puhastusala hooldustöödega, siis vastava ametiasutuse poolt leida probleemi algpõhjus ning pakkuda abi probleemi lahendamiseks.
Pidevate sula- ning külmumis protsesside käigus libedatel kõnniteedel ohutuse tagamiseks tuleks kaaluda lühemaid hooldustsükli aegasid ning vajadusel suurendada hooldusmeeskonna suurust. Vajalik oleks ka samuti suurem järelevalve, et oleks parem ülevaade tehtud hooldustöödest ning esinevatest puudustest, millele tähelepanu juhtida. Sulailmade lähenemisel, kus sõiduteed on juba lume ning jäävabad jätkub ohtlike ning libedate kõnniteede probleem, kuna kõnnitee pinda katab jätkuvalt libe jääkiht, siis lahenduseks olev pidev libedusetõrje või jääkihi eemaldamine teepinnalt. Selleks, et tagada eriti laste ohutus kõnniteedel, tuleks tihedam kontroll teostada koolide ning lasteaedade ümbruses, et sealsed kõnniteed oleks hooldatud ning ohutud.
Probleemiga, kus lumevallid on kõnnitee otstes, mis tekivad sõidutee hooldustööde käigus, oleks lahenduse leidmine keerukas, kuid üheks võimaluseks oleks lisa brigaad, kes likvideeriks lumevalle samaaegselt sõiduteede hooldustöödega. Eesmärgiga tagada kõigile jalakäiatele võimalus kasutada ülekäigukohti.
Koristamata ning piiramata ohuala katsutel varitseva ohu suhtes tuleks korraldada näiteks kampaania, et tõsta inimeste teadlikkust, millist ohtu selline olukord endast jalakäijatele ning tee ääres parkivatele mootorsõidukitele tegelikult kujutab. Lisaks tuleks suurendada kontrolli ning rikkujate puhul rakendada kiiremini ning suuremaid trahvisummasid. Kitsaste tänavate ning kõnniteede puhul, tuleks kõnniteed maksimaalselt puhtana hoida ning korraldada tihedam kõnnitee äärsete lumekuhjade äravedu, et jalakäijad kõnniteel liikuma mahuks. Laste teadlikkuse tõstmiseks tuleks korraldada teavitustööd koolides, et lapsed õpiksid ohtu tajuma koristamata katuste suhtes ning teavitustöö raames parendada ka laste talvist liikluskäitumist.
Tee äärde parkivad sõidukid, mis seeläbi takistavad lumekoristustöid on suureks probleemiks talviste lumekoristustööde puhul. Olukorrale võiks lahendust tuua, kui antud probleemiga tegeleda juba enne talve. Tegeledes näiteks uinuvate sõidukitega, selgitades välja vastavad omanikud, kes teisaldaksid need tänavalt. Lumekoristustööde ajaks, kui tänaval parkimine on keelatud, linnaosa poolt pakkuda alternatiivseid parkimiskohti parklates tänavatele regulaarselt parkivatele sõidukitele.
Vaatevälja piiravate teeäärsete liiga kõrgete lumekuhjade vältimiseks tuleks juba varakult tegeleda probleemiga ning organiseerida ja planeerida koristustööd, et vältida olukorda, kus kogu linnas valitseb sama probleem ning samaaegselt on vaja probleemiga ka tegeleda ning seetõttu probleem süveneb tänavatel, kus lume äravedu kohe teostada ei õnnestu.The following thesis Ensuring road Safety for Pedestrians During Wintertime presents conducted observational study to find out how safe it is for pedestrians to walk around during the winter season and to find out situations that pedestrians have to face in winter conditions. The author wanted to find the most common disadvantages, analyze them and perceive the causes and also offer solutions to improve safety for pedestrians.
The observation took place in three districts of Tallinn, which were Kristiine, Põhja-Tallinn, and Nõmme. To carry out the observation, the author put herself into the role of pedestrian and walked around districts that were chosen. During the observation, the author focused on three points to analyze situations: maintenance and safety of sidewalks, maintenance of pedestrian crossings, pedestrian safety of walking by the roadway. To get a better overview, the author contacted specialists, who were familiar with road maintenance in the winter and know more about regulations. The author conducts interviews with them to see their perspective on winter road maintenance. After observation, the author analyzed collected data and established the most common problems based on each district. The aim of analyzing those problems is to find out what caused those and who has to take care of them according to legislations and specialists who were interviewed by the author. The result of the analyzes where the author compared the results of the observational study with interviews with specialists found out that the problems overlapped.
• The results of conducted observation in Kristiine, Põhja-Tallinn, and Nõmme districts were as follows:
• ignored or poor maintenance of sidewalks by property owners,
• slippery sidewalks,
• snow piles at the end of pedestrian crossings,
• not marked dangerous areas around properties caused by snow and ice on top of roofs,
• parked vehicles that impede winter maintenance works in narrow streets,
• constantly growing snow piles by streets which limit pedestrians’ and drivers’ field of sight.
During the analysis of the observational data, the author found that maintenance problems are mainly caused by specificities and plans of districts. In Põhja-Tallinn district, the most common problems were:
• ignored or poor maintenance of sidewalks by property owners,
• not marked dangerous areas around properties caused by snow and ice on top of roofs,
• parking vehicles that impede winter maintenance works in narrow streets,
• slippery sidewalks,
• snow piles on both ends of pedestrian crossings.
In Kristiine district, the most common problems were:
• slippery sidewalks,
• parking vehicles that impede winter maintenance works in narrow streets,
• constantly growing snow piles by streets which limit pedestrians and drivers' field of sight.
In Nõmme district, the most common problems were:
• ignored or poor maintenance of sidewalks by property owners,
• constantly growing snow piles by streets limit pedestrians' and drivers' fields of sight,
• snow piles at the end of pedestrian crossings
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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