13 research outputs found
Innovative foraging behavior of urban birds:use of insect food provided by cars
No full textDespite high-quality insect food being often restricted in cities, insects are important for the development of birds. Nonetheless, plenty of insects are smashed on cars, and they are available for those species that are able to use them. We used both our own data and community science and Internet sources for surveying global, national, and local data about birds using insects on cars. Our results contained a total of 308 observations of birds collecting insects on car panels, which indicated that 39 species used this food resource since 1928 in 33 countries. Most observations considered the House Sparrow, followed by the White Wagtail and several species of corvids. European urban bird species observed to use insects on cars had a larger residual brain size. There was also some indication that bird species using insects on cars had a larger number of innovations (i.e., production of novel behaviors), greater diet generalism, and longer times living in urbanized areas than birds not observed using insects on cars. Often these species are also resident and able to use food offered in feeding sites. We assume that more bird species will use insects on cars in the future, as urban insect populations continue to decline, and thereby insects on cars will increasingly become more important sources of food for urban birds.</p
Лукізм: україномовна версія
No full textThe author reveals the existance of such kind of hate speech as lооkism in the Ukrainian language. For these purposes the data of lexicographical sources has been analyzed. Diff erent manifestations of lookism in the Ukrainian language system have been described, among them: the lexemes and idioms (including proverbs and sayings) that name the peculiarities of a person’s appearance and have axiological connotative components in their meanings. Special attention has been paid to the usage labels and examples given in the defi nitions from dictionaries. Besides, the author emphasizes the importance of dictionaries as a means of fi xation, preservation and transmission of social values, including the discriminatory attitudes
Лукізм: україномовна версія
No full textThe author reveals the existance of such kind of hate speech as lооkism in the Ukrainian
language. For these purposes the data of lexicographical sources has been analyzed.
Diff erent manifestations of lookism in the Ukrainian language system have been described,
among them: the lexemes and idioms (including proverbs and sayings) that name the
peculiarities of a person’s appearance and have axiological connotative components in their
meanings. Special attention has been paid to the usage labels and examples given in the
defi nitions from dictionaries. Besides, the author emphasizes the importance of dictionaries
as a means of fi xation, preservation and transmission of social values, including the
discriminatory attitudes.
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On the Formation of the Communicative Competence of Young School Children
No full textВ статье автор говорит о развитии коммуникативной компетенции младших школьников на основе коммуникативно-деятельностного подхода. Одним из условий реализации такого подхода является использование на уроках русского языка коммуникативных упражнений и заданий. Именно такой подход поможет младшим школьникам свободно владеть языком.In the article the author tells about the development of communicative competention of schoolchildren on the basis of active communicative approach. One of the conditions of implementation of this approach is usage of communicative exersices and tasks on the lessons of Russian. Just such an approach will help schoolchildren to master language fluently
Changing urban bird diversity: how to manage adaptively our closest relation with wildlife
No full text[EN] We human beings are becoming urban citizens. More and more people spend their lives in urban environments, so that the conservation and improvement of urban biodiversity is an increasingly hot topic. On the one hand, as cities grow bigger and more populated they can become more hostile for some birds, but cities can also be safer than the surrounding rural environment for others. On the other hand, factors affecting ne-
gatively or positively wild birds may also influence human’s health, either directly (e.g. pollution) or indirectly (enjoying wildlife diversity could contribute to improve our wellbeing). We review current state of knowledge on factors determining the abundance, diversity and health of urban birds, and derive methods for diagnosing what factors are acting in each particular case. Diagnoses are essential to design effective and efficient ways to manage urban bird diversity and improve it adaptively. We also address whether factors affecting birds could affect citizenship directly, so that urban birds can be used as indicators for healthy urban environments. Investigating and improving urban bird life can also improve human wellbeing through people’s involvement on citizen science programs. Monitoring approaches taken by both authorities and NGOs are still too general and badly designed, but collaboration among scientist, volunteers and authorities will contribute to make them effective. Improving citizen involvement will in turn contribute to improve urban bird diversity, closing a win-win loop for both people and wildlife wellbeing.[ES] Los seres humanos nos estamos volviendo urbanitas, con lo que la conservación de la biodiversidad urbana es un tema cada vez más candente. A medida que las ciudades crecen, se vuelven más hostiles para algunas aves, mientras que para otras pueden resultar más seguras que los medios rurales periféricos. Por otro lado, los factores negativos o positivos para la avifauna pueden también serlo para la salud humana, ya
sea directa (ej. contaminación) o indirectamente (el disfrute de la biodiversidad puede mejorar nuestro bienestar). Revisamos el conocimiento actual sobre los factores que determinan la abundancia, diversidad y salud de las aves urbanas, planteando métodos para diagnosticar cuáles de ellos actúan en cada caso particular. Dicho diagnóstico es esencial para un manejo efectivo y eficiente de la diversidad aviar urbana, y de su manejo adaptativo. Abordamos también si los factores que afectan a las aves podrían afectar directamente a la ciudadanía, en cuyo caso las aves podrían ser indicadoras de ambientes urbanos saludables. Aunque no ocurra ésto, la investigación y mejora de la vida de las aves podrían mejorar nuestro bienestar a través de la participación en programas de ciencia ciudadana. La colaboración entre científicos, voluntarios y autoridades mejoraría en gran medida las acciones de manejo y seguimiento realizadas por autoridades y ONGs, en la actualidad bastante preliminares, fomentando así la diversidad de las aves urbanas y, con ella, el bienestar de la gente y la vida salvaje en las ciudades.This paper is a contribution to the project URBILAND (PID2019-107423GA-I00), funded by the Spanish Research Agency. A. Ramos was supported by a JAE intro contract form the Spanish CSIC, and E.D. Concepción by a Juan de la Cierva contract of the Spanish Research Agency (IJCI-2016-30964).Peer reviewe
Site-based vs. species-based analyses of long-term farmland bird datasets: Implications for conservation policy evaluations
No full textConservation of Europe’s biodiversity increasingly depends on funds invested within Natura 2000 farmland. Performance of these investments is estimated by the official Farmland Bird Index indicator, that merges species-specific trends for farmland species estimated with the standard TRIM method. We here reanalyze the long-term datasets used to calculate the Spanish Farmland Bird Index by computing abundance and richness of selected bird groups at the point census scale rather than by merging species’ trends. We test whether community trends at site scales differed according to agricultural habitat types (annual, perennial, and mosaic croplands) and locations inside or outside Natura 2000 sites, using both the TRIM method and generalized mixed models. Site-based analyses showed a general increase in bird abundance and richness outside the Natura 2000 network, and a general decrease in perennial and mosaic croplands inside it. Increasing trends were due to non-farmland birds occupying farmland, as farmland species showed significant decreasing trends overall, especially inside Natura 2000 sites and for steppic birds. Trends for threatened birds in annual cropland located inside Nature 2000 were positive, but trends for threatened farmland birds were negative overall, especially in mosaic croplands. Results were qualitatively consistent among statistical methods, although quantitative estimates varied widely among methods, habitats, Natura 2000 location, and relevant bird groups. Site-based analyses of long-term databases confirmed overall trends detected by species-based official reports, and complement them by suggesting additional reasons for failures at reverting negative trends in farmland biodiversity. Regionally-targeted conservation measures should be developed and/or extended to improve these results, and their results monitored at the farm scale to complement the low spatial resolution of volunteer-based bird monitoring schemes. Combination of broad–scale citizen science programs with cause-effect, finer-scale studies will help disentangle the causes of the observed patterns to develop better and more efficient recommendations for conservation measures in farmland areas.This work is a contribution to the project BIOGEA 'Testing BIOdiversity Gain of European Agriculture with CAP greening' (BiodivERsA3-2015-180), funded by the Spanish National Research Agency, the Bulgarian Science Fund, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and the European Commission within the ERA-Net BiodivERsA Co-Fund scheme, and to the CSIC P.T.I. AGRIAMBIO. E.D.C. was recipient of a Juan de la Cierva - Incorporación postdoctoral fellowship (IJCI-2016-30964) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.Peer reviewe
Urban development type, biodiversity and the extinction of experience
No full textHumans currently suffer a phenomenon called the extinction of experience by which we are losing interactions with the natural world. This process, particularly worrying in urban areas and rapidly expanding, is mainly due to the lack of orientation towards nature (i.e. connection with nature) and the lack of opportunities to experience it. Urban areas vary along a gradient from compact cities with large parks separated from residential areas (land-sparing extreme of the gradient) to sprawled-design with single-family homes and gardens and street vegetation (land-sharing extreme). This gradient and its feature variables are related to differences in biodiversity levels and the way people interact with nature, thus, it is expected that this configuration will influence the extinction of experience of citizens. Our study investigates this important question by integrating sociological data (818 questionnaires) and ecological data (bird diversity) from 9 cities across Europe and carrying out structural equation models. Our results empirically support the extinction of the experience framework. We found that living in land-sparing areas, as well as areas with more green cover and larger green patches, is positively associated with time spent in nature. These findings highlight the importance of large parks in bringing urban dwellers closer to nature. Furthermore, disconnection from nature is favored by other factors such as the lack of childhood experiences or living in biodiversity-poor neighborhoods. Politicians and urban planners should consider these factors to revert the increasingly worrying extinction of experience that entails important conservation consequences
Internationalization of Military Education as a Mechanism for Developing Professional Mobility of Future Officers
No full textДослідження присвячене аналізу інноваційних підходів до підготовки майбутніх офіцерів в контексті забезпечення їх професійної мобільності. В умовах глобалізації та інтеграції України до міжнародних структур, зокрема НАТО, стає важливим удосконалення системи військової освіти відповідно до міжнародних стандартів. Автор розглядає основні напрями інтернаціоналізації військової освіти, зокрема впровадження академічних кредитів, мобільність студентів, міжнародне співробітництво та обміни. Зазначається необхідність адаптації навчальних програм до стандартів НАТО, що включає інтеграцію інноваційних методик навчання, використання новітніх технологій, а також підвищення кваліфікації викладачів. Впровадження цих підходів сприятиме формуванню висококваліфікованих, мобільних офіцерів, готових до роботи в міжнародному середовищі та участі у миротворчих операціях і спільних навчаннях. У статті розглядається роль інтернаціоналізації військової освіти як механізму розвитку професійної мобільності майбутніх офіцерів. Зокрема, акцентується увага на важливості освіти для стійкого розвитку, яка включає глобальну громадянську освіту, екологічну та гендерну освіту, міжкультурне навчання і освіту в галузі прав людини. Окремо підкреслюється необхідність трансформації української системи освіти, орієнтуючись на сучасні підходи та досягнення самодостатності методичної системи, що потребує переорієнтації кадрової політики на нове покоління педагогів. Досвід реалізації стійкого розвитку в освіті та науці демонструє важливість освіти для розвитку прав людини, миру, громадянства та стійкого розвитку на місцевому та глобальному рівнях. Водночас, інтернаціоналізація військової освіти є важливим інструментом для підвищення професіоналізму майбутніх офіцерів через участь у міжнародних програмах та адаптацію до глобальних викликів безпеки. Професійна мобільність викладача військового навчального закладу є ключовим фактором для забезпечення якості навчання та підготовки офіцерів, здатних ефективно діяти в умовах змін у міжнародних військових стандартах.The study is devoted to the analysis of innovative approaches to training future officers in the context of ensuring their professional mobility. In the context of globalization and integration of Ukraine into international structures, in particular NATO, it becomes important to improve the military education system in accordance with international standards. The author considers the main directions of internationalization of military education, in particular the introduction of academic credits, student mobility, international cooperation and exchanges. The need to adapt curricula to NATO standards is noted, which includes the integration of innovative teaching methods, the use of the latest technologies, as well as improving the qualifications of teachers. The implementation of these approaches will contribute to the formation of highly qualified, mobile officers ready to work in an international environment and participate in peacekeeping operations and joint exercises. The article considers the role of internationalization of military education as a mechanism for developing professional mobility of future officers. In particular, the emphasis is placed on the importance of education for sustainable development, which includes global civic education, environmental and gender education, intercultural education and education in the field of human rights. The need to transform the Ukrainian education system, focusing on modern approaches and achieving self- sufficiency of the methodological system, which requires reorienting personnel policy towards a new generation of teachers, is separately emphasized. The experience of implementing sustainable development in education and science demonstrates the importance of education for the development of human rights, peace, citizenship and sustainable development at the local and global levels. At the same time, the internationalization of military education is an important tool for improving the professionalism of future officers through participation in international programs and adaptation to global security challenges. The professional mobility of a teacher of a military educational institution is a key factor in ensuring the quality of education and training of officers capable of operating effectively in conditions of changes in international military standards
Correlated pion-proton pair emission off hot and dense QCD matter
No full textIn this letter we report the first multi-differential measurement of correlated pion-proton pairs from 2 billion Au+Au collisions at sNN=2.42 GeV collected with HADES. In this energy regime the population of Δ(1232) resonances plays an important role in the way energy is distributed between intrinsic excitation energy and kinetic energy of the hadrons in the fireball. The triple differential d3N/dMπ±pdpTdy distributions of correlated π±p pairs have been determined by subtracting the πp combinatorial background using an iterative method. The invariant-mass distributions in the Δ(1232) mass region show strong deviations from a Breit-Wigner function with vacuum width and mass. The yield of correlated pion-proton pairs exhibits a complex isospin, rapidity and transverse-momentum dependence. In the invariant mass range 1.1<Minv(GeV/c2)<1.4, the yield is found to be similar for π+p and π−p pairs, and to follow a power law 〈Apart〉α, where 〈Apart〉 is the mean number of participating nucleons. The exponent α depends strongly on the pair transverse momentum (pT) while its pT-integrated and charge-averaged value is α=1.5±0.08st±0.2sy
Sub-threshold production of K mesons and hyperons in Au+Au collisions at = 2.4 GeV
No full textInternational audienceWe present first data on sub-threshold production of K s0 mesons and Λ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at sNN=2.4 GeV. We observe an universal 〈Apart〉 scaling of hadrons containing strangeness, independent of their corresponding production thresholds. Comparing the yields, their 〈Apart〉 scaling, and the shapes of the rapidity and the pt spectra to state-of-the-art transport model (UrQMD, HSD, IQMD) predictions, we find that none of them can simultaneously describe these observables with reasonable χ2 values
