1,721,021 research outputs found
Intergranular Cracking In Alloy 690 With Nb, Mo, And Hf Additions: In Situ Sem High Temperature Deformation Study
No full textThe microstructure behavior during high temperature deformation of Ni-base alloys based on alloy 690 modified with Nb, Mo, and Hf additions were studied. Optical and electron microscopy were used to characterize these materials and the results were compared with Calphadbased modeling results. The alloys behavior was studied between 500 and 1000 °C using an in-situ high temperature deformation test. The role of precipitates on the grain boundary morphology and their effect on grain boundary sliding and the mechanism of ductility-dip cracking are discussed. Both, undulated grain boundaries and primary intra-granular precipitates improved the alloy DDC resistance. © 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.706-709945950The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS),NSFArkoosh, M.A., Fiore, N.F., (1972) Metallurgical Transactions, 3, p. 2235Rhines, F.N., Wray, P.J., (1961) Transactions of the ASM, 54, p. 117Haddrill, D.M., Baker, R.G., (1965) British Welding Journal, p. 411Ii Noecker, F.F., Dupont, J.N., (2009) Welding Journal, 88, p. 7Nissley, N.E., Lippold, J.C., (2009) Welding Journal, 88, p. 131Ramirez, A.J., Lippold, J.C., (2004) Mat. Sci. and Eng. A, 380, p. 259Gifkins, R.C., (1994) Materials Characterization, 32, p. 59Langdon, T.G., (2006) Materials Science, 41, p. 597Ramirez, A.J., Lippold, J.C., (2005) Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds, p. 19. , edited by T. Böllinghaus, H. HeroldCollins, M.G., Ramirez, A.J., Lippold, J.C., (2004) Welding Journal, 83, p. 39Yamaguchi, S., (1980) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 295, p. 122Ramirez, A.J., Garzón, C.M., (2008) Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds, 2, p. 427. , edited by T. Böllinghaus, H. Herold, C. Cross, J.C. LippoldZimina, L.N., Burova, N.N., Makushok, O.V., (1986) Met. Sci. and Heat Treatment, 28 (2), p. 130Duhl, J.M., Sullivan, C.P., (1971) Journal of Metals, pp. 38-40Torres, E.A., Paternella, F.G., Caram, R., Ramirez, A.J., (2009) 8 th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, p. 354. , Pine-Mountain, GA-USAUnfried S, J., (2010) Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena, 9, p. 983. , edited by Maney. H CerjakH K D H Bhadeshia and E KozeschnikPigrova, G.D., (2005) Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 47 (11-12), p. 544Torres, E.A., Caram, R., Ramirez, A.J., (2010) Materials Science Forum, 638-642, p. 2858Unfried S, J., Torres, E.A., Ramirez, A.J., (2011) Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds, 3. , edited by T. Böllinghaus, H. Herold C. Cross, in pressAfonso, C.R.M., Lippold, J.C., Ramirez, A.J., (2010) Metallurgical Transactions A, , submitted t
Modeling And Characterization Of As-welded Microstructure Of Solid Solution Strengthened Ni-cr-fe Alloys Resistant To Ductility-dip Cracking Part I: Numerical Modeling
No full textThis work aims the numerical modeling and characterization of as-welded microstructure of Ni-Cr-Fe alloys with additions of Nb, Mo and Hf as a key to understand their proven resistance to ductility-dip cracking. Part I deals with as-welded structure modeling, using experimental alloying ranges and Calphad methodology. Model calculates kinetic phase transformations and partitioning of elements during weld solidification using a cooling rate of 100 K.s -1, considering their consequences on solidification mode for each alloy. Calculated structures were compared with experimental observations on as-welded structures, exhibiting good agreement. Numerical calculations estimate an increase by three times of mass fraction of primary carbides precipitation, a substantial reduction of mass fraction of M23C6 precipitates and topologically closed packed phases (TCP), a homogeneously intradendritic distribution, and a slight increase of interdendritic Molybdenum distribution in these alloys. Incidences of metallurgical characteristics of modeled as-welded structures on desirable characteristics of Ni-based alloys resistant to DDC are discussed here. © 2014 The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.202297305Arkoosh, M.A., Fiore, N.F., (1972) Metall. Trans., 3, p. 2235. , 10.1007/BF02643237Yeniscavich, W., (1966) Weld. J., 45, pp. 344sHemsworth, B., Boniszewski, T., Eaton, N.F., (1969) Met. Constr. Br. Weld. J., 1, p. 5Rhines, F.N., Wray, P.J., (1961) Trans. ASM., 54, p. 117Abralov, M.A., Abdurakhmanov, R.U., (1974) Automation Welding, 27, p. 7Haddrill, D.M., Baker, R.G., (1965) Br. Weld J., 12, p. 411Ramirez, A.J., Lippold, J.C., (2004) Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 380, p. 259. , 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.074Noecker, I.I.F.F., Dupont, J.N., (2009) Weld. J., 88, pp. 7sYoung, G.A., Capobianco, T.E., Penik, M.A., Morris, B.W., McGee, J.J., (2008) Weld. J., 87, pp. 31sCollins, M.G., Ramirez, A.J., Lippold, J.C., (2004) Weld. J., 83, pp. 39sNishimoto, K., Saida, K., Okauchi, H., (2006) Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 11, p. 471. , 10.1179/174329306X94318Nishimoto, K., Saida, K., Okauchi, H., (2006) Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 11, p. 462. , 10.1179/174329306X94309Nippes, E.F., Savage, W.F., Bystram, B.J., (1955) Weld. J., 23, pp. 183sNissley, N.E., Lippold, J.C., (2008) Weld. J., 87, pp. 257sChabenat, A., Pierron, D., Thomas, A., Faure, F., Guyon, C., (2004), Appl. No. 10/639,680. United States Patent Pub. No. US 2004/0115086 A1, June 17Kiser, S.D., Zhang, R., Baker, B.A., (2009) Proc. 8th Int. Conf. of Trends in Welding Research, p. 639Ramirez, A.J., Sowards, J.W., Lippold, J.C., (2006) J. of Mat. Proces. Tech., 179, p. 212. , 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.095Ramirez, A.J., Lippold, J.C., (2004) Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 25, p. 245. , 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.075Nissley, N.E., Lippold, J.C., (2009) Weld. J., 88, pp. 131sTorres, E.A., Caram, R., Ramirez, A.J., (2010) Mater. Sci. Forum, 638-642, p. 2858. , 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.2858Unfried, J., Ramirez, A.J., (2012) Mater. Sci. Forum, 706-709, p. 945. , 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.945Unfried, J., Torres, E.A., Ramirez, A.J., (2011) Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III, p. 295. , 1st ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin 10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2-15Saunders, N., Fahrmann, M., Small, C.J., (2000) Proc. 9th Int. Symp. of Superalloys 2000, pp. 803-811. , 10.7449/2000/Superalloys-2000-803-811Saunders, N., (1996) Proc. 8th Int. Symp. of Superalloys 1996, p. 115. , PA, USA (eds. R.D.K. Kissinger et al.)Engström, A., Höglund, L., Ågren, J., (1994) Metall. Mat. Trans. A, 25, p. 1127. , 10.1007/BF02652288Kaufman, L., Nesor, H., (1974) Metall. Mat. Trans. A, 5, p. 1617. , 10.1007/BF02646333Ramirez, A.J., Garzón, C.M., (2008) Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds II, p. 427. , 1st ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin 10.1007/978-3-540-78628-3-22Saunders, N., Li, X., Miodownik, A.P., Schillé, J.-P., (2004) J. Mater. Sci., 39, p. 7237. , 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000048737.32055.7aHou, Q.Y., He, Y.Z., Zhang, Q.A., Gao, J.S., (2007) Mater. Des., 28, p. 1982. , 10.1016/j.matdes.2006.04.005Zimina, L.N., Burova, N.N., Makushok, O.V., (1986) Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 28, p. 130. , 10.1007/BF00717535Dahl, J.M., Danesi, W.F., Dunn, R.G., (1973) Metall. Trans., 4, p. 1087. , 10.1007/BF02645612Unfried, J., Fonseca, S.E.B., Afonso, C.M.R., Ramirez, A.J., (2010) Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena 9, pp. 983-996Kraft, T., Exner, H.E., (1998) Mater. Sci. Technol., 14, p. 377. , 10.1179/mst.1998.14.5.377Raghavan, M., Mueller, R., Vaughn, G.A., Floreen, S., (1984) Metall. Mat. Trans. A., 15, p. 783. , 10.1007/BF02644553Perricone, M.J., Dupont, J.N., (2006) Metall. Trans. A, 37, p. 1267. , 10.1007/s11661-006-1078-7(2009) Technical Bulletin of Inconel Alloy 690, , PCC Energy GroupRadrakrisnha, C., Prasad-Rao, K., (1997) J. Mater. Sci., 32, p. 1977. , 10.1023/A:101854191511
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Relationship Between Fsw Parameters And Intermetallic Compounds Formation In Dissimilar Aluminum-steel Butt Joints
No full textIn recent years friction stir welding (FSW) of high melting temperature alloys and dissimilar joints gained the attention of industry and researchers all around the word. Several papers reported the successful application of FSW to dissimilar aluminum-steel joining. However, plenty of metallurgical, performance and process-related issues remain to be addressed. Several authors have shown the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMC) of the type FexAly at the aluminum-steel interface. Nevertheless, the controversy persists considering that temperature and time conditions during the welding process seem to be insufficient to promote Al-Fe interdiffusion. An alternative route for the formation of such IMC may be associated with Al melting, which could be caused by constitutional liquation or localized fusion. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of FSW parameters in the formation of AlxFey IMC during dissimilar Al-steel welding. Butt joints of 2.0 mm thick Al alloy 6063-T5 and AISI -SAE 1020 steel plates were friction stir welded using a WC-14Co tool and 300 rpm-150 mm.min-1 parameters. The tool-pin-tangent offset regarding the joint line was varied between +0.5 and +1.5 mm towards the steel plate. The joint thermal history, which was recorded using thermocouples, was reproduced on 6063 Al-base metal using a thermo-mechanical simulator to evaluate the possibility of constitutional liquation. The joints were characterized using optical and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), however, IMC were not observed. The recorded thermal history showed a peak temperature of 352°C and time between 300 and 150°C lower than 13s by the Al-steel interface, conditions that are incompatible with IMC formation. On the other hand, the thermal simulations ruled out the possibility of constitutional liquation in the aluminum alloy. Copyright © 2013 ASM International® All rights reserved.700708ASM InternationalRathod, M.J., Kutsuna, M., Joining of Aluminum Alloy 5052 and Low-carbon Steel by Laser Roll Welding (2004) Welding Journal, 83 (1), pp. 16s-26sChen, C.M., Kovacevic, R., Joining of Al 6061 Alloy to AISI 1018 Steel by Combined Effects of Fusion and Solid State Welding (2004) International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 44, pp. 1205-1214Girard, M., Friction Stir Diffusion Bonding of Dissimilar Metals (2010) Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 15 (8), pp. 661-665Watanabe, T., Joining of Aluminum Alloy to Steel by Friction Stir Welding (2006) Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 178, pp. 342-349Uzun, H., Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6013-T4 to X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steel (2005) Materials and Design, 26, pp. 41-46Lee, W., Interfacial Reaction in Steel-Aluminum Joints Made by Friction Stir Welding (2006) Scripta Materialia, 55, pp. 355-358Fukumoto, M., Butt Welding Between Dissimilar Metals by Friction Stirring Proc Fifth International Friction Stir Welding Symposium, France, 2004Chen, T., Process Parameters Study on FSW Joint of Dissimilar Metals for Aluminium-Steel (2009) Journal of Materials Science, 44, pp. 2573-2580Chen, T.P., Lin, W.-B., Optimal FSW Process Parameters for Interface and Welded Zone Toughness of Dissimilar Aluminum-steel Joint (2010) Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 15 (4), pp. 279-285Yasui, T., Friction Stir Welding Between Aluminum and Steel with High Welding Speed Proc Fifth International Friction Stir Welding Symposium, France, 2004Tanaka, T., Comprehensive Analysis of Joint Strength for Dissimilar Friction Stir Welds of Mild Steel to Aluminum Alloys (2009) Scripta Materialia, 61 (7), pp. 756-759Soundararajan, V., Kovacevic, R., Friction Stir Welding of Steel to Aluminum Alloys Proc Sixth International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Quebec, Canada, 2006Coelho, R.S., Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an AA6181-T4 Aluminium Alloy to HC340LA High Strength Steel Friction Stir Overlap Weld (2008) Advanced Engineering Materials, 10 (10), pp. 961-972Coelho, R.S., EBSD Technique Visualization of Material Flow in Aluminum to Steel Friction-Stir Dissimilar Welding (2008) Advanced Engineering Materials, 10 (12), pp. 1127-1133Agudo, L., Intermetallic FexAly-phases in a Steel/Al-Alloy Fusion Weld (2007) Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 42, pp. 4205-4214Wei, L.Y., Nelson, T.W., Correlation of Microstructures and Process Variables in FSW HSLA-65 Steel (2011) Welding Journal, 90, pp. 95-101Idagawa, H.S., Thermal Modeling of Dissimilar Materials Welded by Friction Stir Welding: A Novel Approach for the Tool Heat Generation, , Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory - LNNano, P.O. Box 6192, Campinas, SP, BrazilHiranos, K.-I., Diffusion of Nickel and Cobalt in Aluminium (1962) Acta Metall, 10, pp. 857-863Torres, E.A., Ramirez, A.J., União de Juntas Dissimilares Alumínio-Aço de Chapas Finas pelo Processo de Soldagem por Atrito com Pino não Consumível (SAPNC) (2011) Soldagem e Inspeção, 16, pp. 265-273Torres, E.A., Ramirez, A.J., Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum-Steel Joints (Part 1): Welding Parameters and Consolidated Aluminum-steel Joints, , Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory - LNNano, P.O. Box 6192, Campinas, SP, BrazilJiang, W.H., Kovacevic, R., Feasibility Study of Friction Stir Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy with AISI 1018 Steel (2004) Proc Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 218, pp. 1323-1331Sato, Y.S., Parameters Controlling Microstructure and Hardness during Friction-Stir Welding of Precipitation-Hardenable Aluminum Alloy 6063 (2002) Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 33, pp. 625-635Sheikhi, S., Dos Santos, J.F., Effect of Process Parameter on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Tailored Blanks from Aluminium Alloy 6181-T4 (2007) Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 12 (4), pp. 370-375Cui, L., Friction Stir Welding of a High Carbon Steel (2007) Scr. Mater., 56, pp. 637-640Lienert, T.J., Friction Stir Welding Studies on Mild Steel (2003) Weld. J., 82, pp. 1s-9sTorres, E.A., Ramirez, A.J., Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum-Steel Joints (Part 2): Mechanical Respond, Microstructural Characterization and Thermal Cycle, , Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory LNNano, P.O. Box 6192, Campinas, SP, BrazilHeinz, B., Skrotzki, B., Characterization of a Friction-stir-welded Aluminum Alloy 6013 (2002) Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 33, pp. 489-498Murr, L.E., A TEM Study of Precipitation and Related Microstructures in Friction-stir-welded 6061 Aluminium (1998) J. Mater. 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Modeling And Characterization Of As-welded Microstructure Of Solid Solution Strengthened Ni-cr-fe Alloys Resistant To Ductility-dip Cracking Part Ii: Microstructure Characterization
No full textIn part II of this work is evaluated the as-welded microstructure of Ni-Cr-Fe alloys, which were selected and modeled in part I. Detailed characterization of primary and secondary precipitates, subgrain and grain structures, partitioning, and grain boundary morphology were developed. Microstructural characterization was carried out using optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, EBSD, and XEDS techniques. These results were analyzed and compared to modeling results displaying a good agreement. The Hf additions produced the highest waviness of grain boundaries, which were related to distribution of Hf-rich carbonitrides. Experimental evidences about Mo distribution into crystal lattice have provided information about its possible role in ductility-dip cracking (DDC). Characterization results of studied alloys were analyzed and linked to their DDC resistance data aiming to establish relationships between as-welded microstructure and hot deformation performance. Wavy grain boundaries, primary carbides distribution, and strengthened crystal lattice are metallurgical characteristics related to high DDC resistance. © 2014 The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.202307315Unfried, J., Ramirez, A.J., (2012) Mater. Sci. Forum, 706-709, p. 945. , 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.945Unfried, J., Torres, E.A., Ramirez, A.J., (2011) Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III, p. 295. , 1st ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin 10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2-15Ramirez, A.J., Garzón, C.M., (2008) Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds II, p. 427. , Springer-Verlag Berlin 10.1007/978-3-540-78628-3-22Ramirez, A.J., Sowards, J.W., Lippold, J.C., (2006) J. Mater. Process. Technol., 179, p. 20. , 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.095Nissley, N.E., Lippold, J.C., (2008) Weld. J., 87, pp. 257sKiser, S.D., Zhang, R., Baker, B.A., (2009) Proc. 8th Int. Conf. of Trends in Welding Research, p. 639. , Pine-Mountain GA, USAHou, Q.Y., He, Y.Z., Zhang, Q.A., Gao, J.S., (2007) Mater. Des., 28, p. 1982. , 10.1016/j.matdes.2006.04.005Hemsworth, B., Boniszewski, T., Eaton, N.F., (1969) Met. Constr. Br. Weld. J., 1, p. 5Rhines, F.N., Wray, P.J., (1961) Trans. ASM, 54, p. 117Abralov, M.A., Abdurakhmanov, R.U., (1974) Automation Welding, 27, p. 7Haddrill, D.M., Baker, R.G., (1965) Br. Weld J., 12, p. 411Ramirez, A.J., Lippold, J.C., (2004) Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 380, p. 259. , 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.074Ii, F.F.N., Dupont, J.N., (2009) Weld. J., 88, pp. 62sTorres, E.A., Caram, R., Ramirez, A.J., (2010) Mater. Sci. Forum, 638-642, p. 2858. , 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.2858Zimina, L.N., Burova, N.N., Makushok, O.V., (1986) Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 28, p. 130. , 10.1007/BF00717535Kotval, P.S., Venables, J.D., Calder, R.W., (1972) Metall. Trans., 3, p. 453Dahl, J.M., Danesi, W.F., Dunn, R.G., (1973) Metall. Trans., 4, p. 1087. , 10.1007/BF02645612Duhl, J.M., Sullivan, C.P., (1971) J. Met., 23, p. 38Jena, A.K., Chatuverdi, M.C., (1984) J. Mat. Sci., 19, p. 3121. , 10.1007/BF00549796Mulford, R.A., Kocks, U.F., (1979) Scr. Metall., 13, p. 729. , 10.1016/0036-9748(79)90145-5Chabenat, A., Pierron, D., Thomas, A., Faure, F., Guyon, C., (2004), Appl. No. 10/639,680. United States patent Pub. No. US 2004/0115086 A1Nissley, N.E., Lippold, J.C., (2009) Weld. J., 88, pp. 131sPerricone, M.J., Dupont, J.N., (2006) Metall. Trans. A, 37, p. 1267. , 10.1007/s11661-006-1078-7Kraft, T., Exner, H.E., (1998) Mater. Sci. Technol., 14, p. 377. , 10.1179/mst.1998.14.5.377Kou, S., (2003) Welding Metallurgy, p. 145. , 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons NYMehrabian, R., Flemings, M.C., (1970) Metall. Trans., 1, p. 455. , 10.1007/BF02811556Alburquerque, V.H.D., Silva, C.C., Menezes, T.I., Farias, J.P., Tavares, J.M., (2011) Microsc. Res. Tech., 74, p. 36. , 10.1002/jemt.20870Donachie, M.J., Donachie, S.J., (2002) Superalloys: A Technical Guide, p. 37. , 2nd ed. ASM International USAStiller, K., (1992) Surf. Sci., 266, p. 402. , 10.1016/0039-6028(92)91053-ELim, Y.S., Kim, J.S., Kim, H.P., Cho, H.D., (2004) J. Nucl. Mater., 335, p. 108. , 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.07.038Radrakrisnha, C., Prasad-Rao, K., (1997) J. Mater. Sci., 32, p. 1977. , 10.1023/A:1018541915113Song, K., Aindow, M., (2008) Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 479, p. 365. , 10.1016/j.msea.2007.09.055Rios, P.R., (1987) Acta Metall., 35, p. 2805. , 10.1016/0001-6160(87)90280-XSong, K., Aindow, M., (2007) Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 38, p. 1. , 10.1007/s11661-006-9032-2Ramakrishnan, K.N., Venkadesan, S., Murthy, K.P.N., (1995) Scr. Metall. Mater., 32, p. 685. , 10.1016/0956-716X(95)91586-EUnfried, J., Afonso, C.M.R., Ramirez, A.J., (2009) Acta Microsc., 18, p. 191Young, G.A., Capobianco, T.E., Penik, M.A., Morris, B.W., McGee, J.J., (2008) Weld. J., 87, pp. 31
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Correlating Microstructure And Performance Of Uns S32750 And S32760 Superduplex Stainless Steels Friction Stir Welds
No full textFully consolidated and full penetration butt joints were produced on 6 mm thick plate of UNS S32750 and S32760 superduplex stainless steels using friction stir welding (FSW). Destructive (bending) and nondestructive evaluation (radiography) were performed to verify absence of defects. Intermetallic phases precipitation was not observed in the joint. Cyclic polarization tests indicated the same corrosion resistance of the base metal and welded joint. The microstructural characterization was performed on transverse section using optical and scanning electron microscopy. A correlation between the FSW process, the associated thermal history, the produced microstructure, and the mechanical and corrosion performance of the welded joints has been established. Copyright © 2011 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).534540International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)Davis, J.R., Corrosion of duplex stainless steel weldments (2006) Corrosion of Weldments, 225p. , Ohio: ASM InternationalEdwards, P., Ramulu, M., Peak temperatures during friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V (2010) Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 15, pp. 468-504Kim, S.B., Paik, K.W., Kim, Y.G., Effect of Mo substitution by W on high temperature embritlement characteristics (1998) Mat Sci Eng A, 247, pp. 67-74Lippold, J.C., Kotechi, D.J., Duplex stainless steels (2005) Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steel, 356p. , Ohio: John Wiley & Sons IncNorton, S., (2006) Ferrous Friction Stir Weld Physical Simulation, 235p. , (doctorate dissertation), The Ohio State University, ColumbusMcGuire, M.F., Duplex stainless steel (2008) Stainless Steel for Design Engineers, 304p. , Ohio: ASM InternationalMishra, R.S., Mahoney, M.W., (2007) Friction Stir Welding and Processing, 2007, 360p. , Ohio: ASM InternationalSaied, T., Abdollah-Zadeh, A., Assadi, H., Malek Ghaini, H., Effect of friction stir welding speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a duplex stainless steel (2008) Mat. Sci. Eng. A, 496, pp. 262-268Park, C.J., Ahn, M.K., Kwon, H.S., Influences of Mo substitution by W on the precipitation kinetics of secondary phases and the associated localized corrosion and embrittlement in 29%Cr ferritic stainless steels (2006) Mat Sci Eng A, 418, pp. 211-217Reick, W., Pohl, M., Padilha, A.F., Recrystallizationtransformation combined reactions during annealing of a cold rolled ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steel (1998) ISIJ Int., 38 (6), pp. 567-571Tfa, S., Marinho, R.R., Mtp, P., Ramirez, A.J., Microstructure evaluation of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel friction stir welds (2010) Proceeding of 10th Brazilian Stainless Steel Conference, pp. 16-20. , Rio de Janeiro, BrazilSantos, T.F.A., Hermenegildo, T.C.F., Afonso, C.R.M., Marinho, R.R., Paes, M.T.P., Ramirez, A.J., Fracture toughness of ISO 3183 X80 (API 5L X80) steel friction stir welds (2010) Eng. Fract. Mech., 77, pp. 2937-2945Sato, Y.S., Nelson, T.W., Sterling, C.J., Steel, R.J., Pettersson, C.-O., Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel (2005) Mat. Sci. Eng. A, 395, pp. 376-384Steel, R.J., Pettersson, C.-O., Packer, S.M., Sorensen, C.D., Sato, Y.S., Nelson, T.W., Sterling, C.J., Friction stir welding of SAF 2507 (UNS S32750) super duplex stainless steel (2004) Stainless Steel World, 16, pp. 2728-3031Sinfield, M.F., (2007) Advancements in Physical Simulation and Thermal History Acquisition Techniques for Ferrous Alloy Friction Stir Welding, , (master thesis), The Ohio State University, ColumbusSorensen, C.D., Nelson, T.W., Sigma phase formation in friction stirring of Iron-Nickel-Chromium alloys (2005) Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Trends in Welding Research, pp. 441-446. , Georgia, USASsm, T., Pardal, J.M., Lima, L.D., Bastos, I.N., De Nascimento, A.M., Souza, J.A., Characterization of microstructure, chemical composition, corrosion resistance and toughness of a multipass weld joint of superduplex stainless steel UNS S32750 (2007) Mat. Character., 58, pp. 610-61
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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