92,213 research outputs found
Combined pubic rami and sacral osteoporotic fractures: a prospective study
No full textBackground - Pelvic osteoporotic fractures (POFs) are often associated with considerable morbidity and mortality mainly as a result of infections and cardiovascular events. Patients usually need prolonged institutionalization, rehabilitation, and follow-up, with a high rate of dependency and cost. The most common sites of POFs include the pubic rami, sacrum, ilium, and acetabulum. Combined pubic rami (PROFs) and sacral osteoporotic fractures (SOFs) have been reported, mostly in retrospective studies, describing the mechanism of injury and incidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between PROFs and SOFs and to assess the effect of combined PROFs and SOFs on patients’ mobility, discharge destination, and length of stay.
Materials and methods - We prospectively studied 67 patients with low-impact PROFs and/or SOFs. There were 54 (80.4%) female and 13 (19.6%) male patients, and the average age was 87.5 (range 65–96) years. All patients were assessed by the fracture liaison service. Patients had magnetic resonance imaging or bone scan when there was history of low back pain following the injury or lumbosacral tenderness on clinical examination.
Results - The mean length of stay for all patients was 45 (±35) days. Mortality rate was 10.4%. A significant relationship was found between low back pain and a positive finding of sacral fracture. Patients with combined PROFs and SOFs showed significantly longer length of stay than those with isolated PROFs.
Conclusions - The presence of low back pain and tenderness in patients who had low-impact pelvic injuries was highly suggestive of the presence of an associated SOF. There was a high association between sacral and PROFs. The length of stay of patients with PROFs associated with sacral osteoporotic fractures was significantly longer than that of patients with PROFs only. Therefore, we recommend considering the high association between SOFs and PROFs in planning the management and rehabilitation of patients with POFs
Third Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) exercise: Documenting progress in canopy reflectance models
No full textThe Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison ( RAMI) initiative benchmarks canopy reflectance models under well-controlled experimental conditions. Launched for the first time in 1999, this triennial community exercise encourages the systematic evaluation of canopy reflectance models on a voluntary basis. The first phase of RAMI focused on documenting the spread among radiative transfer (RT) simulations over a small set of primarily 1-D canopies. The second phase expanded the scope to include structurally complex 3-D plant architectures with and without background topography. Here sometimes significant discrepancies were noted which effectively prevented the definition of a reliable "surrogate truth,'' over heterogeneous vegetation canopies, against which other RT models could then be compared. The present paper documents the outcome of the third phase of RAMI, highlighting both the significant progress that has been made in terms of model agreement since RAMI-2 and the capability of/need for RT models to accurately reproduce local estimates of radiative quantities under conditions that are reminiscent of in situ measurements. Our assessment of the self-consistency and the relative and absolute performance of 3-D Monte Carlo models in RAMI-3 supports their usage in the generation of a "surrogate truth'' for all RAMI test cases. This development then leads ( 1) to the presentation of the "RAMI Online Model Checker'' (ROMC), an open-access web-based interface to evaluate RT models automatically, and ( 2) to a reassessment of the role, scope, and opportunities of the RAMI project in the future
Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) exercise: Results from the second phase
No full textThe Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) initiative is a community-driven exercise to benchmark the models of radiation transfer (RT) used to represent the reflectance of terrestrial surfaces. Systematic model intercomparisons started in 1999 as a self-organized, open-access, voluntary activity of the RT modeling community. The results of the first phase were published by Pinty et al. [2001]. The present paper describes the benchmarking protocol and the results achieved during the second phase, which took place during 2002. This second phase included two major components: The first one included a rerun of all direct-mode tests proposed during the first phase, to accommodate the evaluation of models that have been upgraded since, and the participation of new models into the entire exercise. The second component was designed to probe the performance of three-dimensional models in complex heterogeneous environments, which closely mimic the observations of actual space instruments operating at various spatial resolutions over forest canopy systems. Phases 1 and 2 of RAMI both confirm not only that a majority of the radiation transfer models participating in RAMI are in good agreement between themselves for relatively simple radiation transfer problems but also that these models exhibit significant discrepancies when considering more complex but nevertheless realistic geophysical scenarios. Specific recommendations are provided to guide the future of this benchmarking program (Phase 3 and beyond)
Sobre d'Aluru Raghu Rami Reddy a Ferran Sunyer
No full textSobre buit dirigit al professor F. Sunyer i Balaguer (Àngel Guimerà, 66 - Barcelona 17, Spain), i enviat pel Mr. Aluru Raghu Rami Reddy (Ramanujan Institute of Mathematics - University Buildings - Madras 5, Índia)
Cento Rami
No full textTraduzione dall'italiano in inglese del booklet dell'opera etnomusicologica "Cento Rami", dedicata alla tradizione degli strumenti antichi in area emiliana e nord-italian
What Price Fairness? A Bargaining Study
No full textOur study concerns bargaining behavior in situations where one party is in a stronger position than the other. We investigate both the tradeoff the favored party makes between pursuing his strategic advantage and giving weight to other players' concern for fairness, and the tradeoff the disadvantaged player makes between pursuing a fair outcome from a disadvantaged position and the cost of that pursuit. In particular, we hypothesize that the degree to which strategically strong players attempt to exploit their strategic advantage depends on their potential costs for doing so. Similarly, the degree to which weak players persist in seeking "fairness" is also a function of how much it (potentially) costs them to do so. Students negotiated in pairs over the division of $HK50 using a finite horizon, fixed-cost (per rejection) alternating offer rule. Each pair consisted of a high-cost and a low-cost bargainer. In accordance with the hypothesis, the willingness of the high-cost bargainers to demand fairness and to persist in their demands was a function of how much it cost them to do so, and the degree to which the low-cost bargainers attempted to exploit their strategic advantage depended on their own cost of rejection. We conclude that "fairness" has a price such that the higher its price, the lower the "demand" for it. This suggests that demands for fairness are subject to cost- benefit evaluation, are in this sense deliberate, and are well thought out.Fairness, bargaining, fixed-cost
Accreditation of vocational learning outcomes: perspectives for a European transfer
No full textThe fundamental principle that EQF and ECVET have in common is the description of qualifications in terms of learning outcomes. The background for implementing this outcome-based approach in the European education and training systems, however, is quite diverse. This situation is addressed by the CREDIVOC project, which involves partners from Austria, Finland, France, Germany and Ireland and focuses on the identification, testing and transfer of instruments that can be used for the recognition and accreditation of learning outcomes from initial and continuing vocational education and training for further education. The present publication is the major outcome of the first phase of the project, which aimed at the production of a general overview of the accreditation procedures and instruments in the partner countries. To this end, national case studies concerning the accreditation of vocational learning outcomes in Austria, Finland, France, Germany and Ireland have been carried out by the project partners. In order to allow for comparison between the different national approaches a common analytical framework was adopted. The criteria focus especially on the type of recognition (individual vs. blanket recognition) and the methodology of the assessment tools or instruments used. A synthesis report summarises the results of the national case studies and draws some conclusions as to what types of accreditation procedures and instruments might be appropriate for improving the transparency of qualifications and the mobility between educational programmes in Europe. (DIPF/orig.) Das gemeinsame Grundprinzip von EQR und ECVET ist die Beschreibung von Qualifikationen durch Lernergebnisse. Die Ausgangsbedingungen für eine Umsetzung dieses ergebnisorientierten Ansatzes in den europäischen Systemen der allgemeinen und beruflichen Bildung sind jedoch sehr unterschiedlich. Dieser Problematik widmet sich das Projekt CREDIVOC, das von Partnern aus Deutschland, Finnland, Frankreich, Irland und Österreich durchgeführt wird und die Identifikation, die Erprobung und den Transfer von Instrumenten zur Anrechnung beruflicher Lernergebnisse auf weiterführende Bildungsgänge zum Gegenstand hat. Die vorliegende Publikation ist das Ergebnis der ersten Projektphase, die der Herstellung einer allgemeinen Übersicht über die Anrechnungsverfahren und instrumente in den Partnerländern gewidmet war. Zu diesem Zweck haben die Partner nationale Fallstudien zur Anrechnung beruflicher Lernergebnisse in den Partnerländern durchgeführt. Um einen Vergleich der Ergebnisse zu ermöglichen, wurde ein gemeinsames Vergleichsraster erarbeitet, dessen Kriterien in der Hauptsache die Art der Anrechnung (individuelle vs. pauschale Anrechnung) sowie die Methodik der Verfahren betreffen. Ein abschließender Synthesebericht fasst die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Länderkapitel zusammen und entwickelt Schlussfolgerungen zu der Frage, welche Ansätze und Instrumente der Anrechnung beruflicher Lernergebnisse besonders geeignet sind, die Transparenz von Qualifikationen und die Bildungsmobilität in Europa zu verbessern. (DIPF/Orig.)
Document type: Boo
Cultura do rami no agreste nordestino.
No full textCaracteristicas da fibra do rami; Condicoes ideais para exploracao do rami; Preparo do solo e plantio; Adubacao; Processo de multiplicacao; Cultivares; Tratos culturais e colheita; Pragas e doencas; Producao, custo e comercializacao; Beneficiamento industrial; Rami na alimentacao animal
RAMI analysis of ITER diagnostic radial neutron camera
No full textRAMI (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Inspectability) assessments are mandatory part of the design process for all ITER systems to anticipate possible risks in terms of reliability and availability and support reliability growth program. A RAMI assessment performed on the ITER Radial Neutron Camera (RNC) diagnostic system is presented. The assessment is aimed at evaluating the RNC design capability to provide the neutron emissivity radial profile measurement with required reliability and availability. The RNC is composed by two collimating structures equipped with neutron flux detectors, the In-Port RNC sub-system and the Ex-Port RNC sub-system respectively. Such systems radially view different plasma locations thus enabling the emissivity profile reconstruction. Both In-Port and Ex-Port detection systems (sensors, collimators, shielding) and full acquisition system chain (front-end and back-end electronics) are considered in the analysis. The RAMI performance was assessed by means of reliability block diagrams (RBDs) with respect to required mean inherent availability for 2 years of operations fixed at 99.5% for the Ex-Port system and at 88.3 % for the In-Port system. A set of failure events for each RNC component was defined by means of a failure mode and effect analysis. The resulting unavailability conditions of the systems were then identified. Hence identified groups of events were used to feed the RBDs model definition according to reliability-wise integration of the considered components. The integrated RAMI performance of RNC systems was finally estimated. Considering the current level of design development, In-Port RNC system appears able to meet stated requirement thanks to design redundancy. Ex-Port RNC, which includes Back End Electronics for data acquisition, is still below the RAMI target and requires further design improvement
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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