41 research outputs found
Starfruit Leaves as Glucose Absorption Inhibitor in Mice’s Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Get PDFBackground: Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) leaves contain flavone derivatives that exhibit anti-hyperglycemic effects. This study aims to determine the effect of starfruit leaves in reducing glucose absorption in intestinal epithelial cells of mice. Methods: This study was done by performing perfusion on the small intestines of mice. The mice that were used in this study were divided into four groups. The control group was given glucose solution without infused starfruit leaves whereas, the remaining 3 groups were given 3 mmol (540 mg/dL) glucose solution with infused starfruit leaves of varying concentrations; 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Samples were collected at 0, 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th minute. The sample was tested for glucose levels using spectrophotometry. Results: Test of significance showed a significant difference between the control group and the test group with p < 0.05. Conclusions: Starfruit leaves have a reduction effect towards glucose absorption in the small intestines in Wistar strains where the group using 600 mg/kg of infused starfruit leaves have the most significant effect as compared to other groups
Factors Affecting Mortality in Adult Tetanus Patients
Get PDFBackground: Tetanus is a devastating disease that is associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors that were associated with high mortality in tetanus.
Methods: This was an analytical study and the data was collected retrospectively from 1 January 2010–31October 2012 in the Department of Neurology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.
Results: Out of hundred thirty two cases only 87 cases of tetanus patient have complete medical records. There were 54 male and 33 female. The age range was 35-49 years old. Mortality rate was high (32.18%). The most frequent wound site is extremities (85.07 %). The absence of post-injury tetanus vaccination was 75.86%, period of onset <48 hours was 67.82% and the use of mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy 36.07%. Mortality was significantly associated with an incubation period <7 days (p<0.05), presence of fever
(p <0.05), co morbidity of autonomic storm (p<0.01), and the severity of the disease by grade 5 (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Factors affecting the mortality in adult tetanus patients were significant for incubation period, fever, co morbidity and severity of the disease by grade
Metode Cepat Identifikasi Flavonoid dari Daun Ocimum sanctum L. (Selasih)
No full textA plant’s effectiveness as a herbal drug comes from its chemical content such as flavonoids. Flavonoids are useful for human body health. Therefore flavonoids content can be used as a marker from the usefulness of a plant, and rapid identification method of flavonoid is needed. The objective of the research was to get a rapid method of flavonoid content identification from Ocimum sanctum. The extraction, isolation and identification of flavonoids from Ocimum sanctum leaves has been done at Medical Chemistry laboratory Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran in 2005. Flavonoids were extracted continually by 95% ethanol, were isolated with paper chromatography/cellulose TLC and 2% acetic acid, then continued with elucidation reagents: n-butanol–acetic acid–water, chloroform–acetic acid–water, forestall, 5%, 15%, 35% and 50% acetic acids. Flavonoids were identified with diagnostic reagents and ultraviolet light. Isolation with 2% and 35% acetic acids respectively gave two spots of flavonoids as flavon, FOAc-1 had Rf=0.69 and FOAc-2 had Rf=0.57. The other elucidation reagents gave one spot of flavonoid. In conclusion, isolation with 2% and 35% acetic acids respectively and identification with diagnostic reagent and ultraviolet light is a rapid method for identification of flavonoids content in Ocimum sanctu
Blunted Expression of PPARa in Mice with FABP-4 and -5 Deficiency under Acute Cold Exposure
Get PDFBrown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is a nonshivering thermogenesis organ during cold exposure. Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa) is the member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and primarily expressed in BAT and liver. PPARa is coordinated with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to regulate fatty acid metabolism in BAT. Fatty acid binding protein (FABP)-4 and-5 play role in adaptive response under fasting and cold exposure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of PPARa in mice with FABP4/5 deficiency (DKO). Wildtype (WT) and DKO mice were exposed to cold for 2 hours under fed or 20 hours-fasted conditions. BAT was collected and further mRNA level of PPARa was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. As the result, PPARa gene expression in WT mice were increased 50% and 100% in fed and fasted condition respectively after cold exposure. There was no alteration in PPARa expression in BAT of DKO mice. As conclusion, The functional FABP-4 and -5 are necessary to modulate PPARa gene expression in Brown Adipose Tissue under acute cold exposure Keywords: Acute cold exposure; FABP4; FABP5; Fasting PPARa</jats:p
Thalassemia carrier detection among pregnant women
No full textThalassemia major becomes the fifth catastrophic disease in Indonesia, however, national wide screening program is not mandatory. This study aimed to re-assess the validity of the various erythrocyte indices in determining ?-thalalssemia carrier among pregnant women in a low resource setting area. An analytic study was performed, comparing conventional cut-off various erythrocyte indices with new modified cut-offs by Kumar et al. The concordance analysis was calculated with Mentzer Index (MI) as reference. The validity of erythrocyte indices against hemoglobin (Hb) A2 were analysed, confirmed by molecular examination for ?- and common ?-Globin South East Asia population. Of 102 pregnant women, 34% was still anemic after completion of 90 iron pills. The concordance of conventional cut-off Shine & Lal index (<1530) was none to slight in agreement (kappa 0.097) to conventional cut-off MI (<13). The concordance of SLI increased significantly to substantial agreement when both used modified cut-offs (kappa 0.729). However, both SLI and MI had missed most of HbE carriers and ?-thalassemia carriers which seemed to be prevalent in this population as shown by DNA examination. In contrary, simple MCV<80fl and MCH<27pg had covered those carriers. This is the first study from Nusa Tenggara Timur, a low resource area in Indonesia in attempt to mass screen thalassemia carriers in this area where a simple MCV<80 fL and MCH<27pg have been used for preliminary screening rather than other indices. Since the population in eastern part of Indonesia has different genetic background compared to the west, DNA analysis is of great interest to map the spectrum of globin mutations
Increased knowledge of thalassemia promotes early carrier status examination among medical students
No full textBACKGROUND
Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, in which the patient requires life-long blood transfusion. As Indonesia harbors 6 to 10% thalassemia carriers, thalassemia prevention measures such as early screening and education in the community are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice about thalassemia among young medical students.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analytic observational study was conducted on 179 subjects in 2015, using a questionnaire with items on knowledge, attitude and practice about thalassemia for data collection. After signing informed consent, the questionnaire was filled in by the students and a blood test was performed when the students agreed to be examined. Detection of probable thalassemia carrier status was done by determination of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
RESULTS
The knowledge about thalassemia of the first year medical students (n=179) was good (21.1%), moderate (70.9%) and poor (21.1%). Only 67 (38.3%) of the students agreed to a blood examination for determination of their carrier status after filling-in the questionnaire. The knowledge of thalassemia among first year medical students was statistically related to the timing when they would agree to have their thalassemia carrier status examined (p=0.021, one way ANOVA test).
CONCLUSION
A higher thalassemia knowledge score causes medical students to be willing to undergo thalassemia carrier status examination at an earlier point in timing. A well-organized educational program focusing on thalassemia and early screening in young adults may enhance the thalassemia prevention program
Low Hemoglobin among Pregnant Women in Midwives Practice of Primary Health Care, Jatinangor, Indonesia: Iron Deficiency Anemia or β-Thalassemia Trait?
No full textLow hemoglobin (Hb) or anemia is common among pregnant women in developing countries which may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal deaths. Our study aimed to assess Hb level measured by midwives in primary health care facility at rural area of Jatinangor, Indonesia, and to explore whether the anemia was due to iron deficiency (IDA) or β-thalassemia trait (β-TT). Pregnant women (n=105) had finger prick test for Hb level during a regular antenatal care examination from October to November 2016. Hb level by finger prick test was compared with venous blood, measured by complete blood count (CBC). Indices including MCV and MCH and indices of Shine & Lal, Mentzer, Srivastava, Engels & Frase, Ehsani, and Sirdah were analyzed to differentiate anemia due to IDA and anemia due to suspect β-TT. HbA2 was measured to confirm β-TT. Anemic pregnant women were found in 86.7% by finger prick test compared to 21.9% (n=23) by CBC. The prevalence of β-TT in our study was 5.7%. Hb measurement among pregnant women in low resource area is highly important; however, finger prick test in this study showed a high frequency of anemia which may lead to iron oversupplementation. A standard CBC is encouraged; MCV and MCH would help midwives to identify β-TT
Epidermal growth factor polymorphism most prevalent in stage II cervical carcinoma
No full textBackground
Cervical cancer ranks second among female cancers worldwide and is widely associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. However, HPV infection progression is influenced by various host factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a host factor important for proper epithelial proliferation and development, and may play a role in cervical cancer progression. A functional A61G polymorphism in the EGF gene has been hypothesized to alter EGF concentration in vivo with increasing guanine content associated with greater EGF level. However, a map of A61G polymorphism distribution is not available for any population, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the distribution of EGF A61G polymorphism among cervical cancer patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between July-November 2010. Included were 61 cervical cancer patients of various stages at Dr. Hasan Sadikin hospital, who had previously undergone blood sample collection, DNA isolation and finally genotyping for EGF gene using Illumina BeadXpress®. Chi-square test was used to analyse the data.
Results
The EGF A61G polymorphism was exhibited by 88.5% of patients (as genotypes A/G and G/G). The majority of patients with this polymorphism were of moderate severity (FIGO stage II and III, 42.6% and 38.1% respectively). Patients with the polymorphism but with the lightest severity (FIGO stage I) accounted for 22.2% of the population.
Conclusion
EGF A61G polymorphism affected the majority of cervical cancer patients and that once stratified, the patients showed intermediate severity in terms of their cancerous growth
