130,387 research outputs found
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a Coaching Research Methodology
No full textThis paper suggests that interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a valuable research method for coaching research. The paper positions coaching as a social activity and highlights its subjective and contextual nature. It aims to establish clear guidance by drawing on both the author’s recent research experience and others’ scholarly work. The author encourages scholars with a similar interest (phenomenology, hermeneutics, ideography) to explore IPA as a potential methodology forcoaching research. The clearly laid out guidance here on how to conduct an IPA study will be attractive to the wider qualitativeresearch community. The paper contributes to coaching research by promoting IPA as a methodology that helps to developsubjective understanding within the fiel
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Tocotrienol-rich mixture inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via down-regulation of the Notch-1/NF-κB pathways in NSCLC cells
No full textLichchavi D Rajasinghe, Smiti V Gupta Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a 5-year survival rate of 5% at stage IIIB, accounts for 80%–85% of all lung cancers. Aberrant Notch-1 expressions have been reported in lung cancer patients and could potentially be a beneficial molecular/therapeutic target against NSCLC. Tocotrienols, isomers of vitamin E, have been shown to exhibit antitumor activity via inhibition of different signaling pathways in tumor cells. Previously, we reported that delta-tocotrienol downregulates Notch-1 via NF-κB. However, the pure isomers are presently not available in quantities required for animal or clinical studies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the interactions and effects of commercially available tocotrienols (a mixture of isomers) on the Notch-1 pathway in NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (A549) and squamous cell lung cancer (H520) cell lines. A dose-dependent decrease in all growth, cell migration, and tumor invasiveness was observed in both cancer cell lines with the addition of tocotrienols. A significant induction of apoptosis was also observed using Annexin V stain in flow cytometry analysis. Since tocotrienols significantly affected proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasiveness, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulations by testing the expression of Notch-1 and its downstream genes. A dose-dependent decrease in expression of proteins was observed in Notch-1, Hes-1, Survivin, and Bcl-XL. In addition, we found a mechanism linking the NF-κB pathway and Notch-1 down-regulation from NF-κB DNA-binding activities. Thus, our data suggest that commercially available tocotrienols inhibits cell growth, migration, and tumor cell invasiveness via downregulation of Notch 1 and NF-κB while inducing apoptosis. Hence, these commercially available tocotrienol-rich mixture could potentially be an effective supplementation for lung cancer prevention. Keywords: vitamin E, lung cancer, tocotrienol, NF-KB, apoptosis, proliferation, Notch 
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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