1,720,963 research outputs found
Evaluating active mobility: enhancing the framework for social sustainability
No full textActive mobility plays a crucial role in reducing traffic congestion, improving air quality, promoting well-being, good health, and fostering social equality, all of which align with the concept of social sustainability within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, assessing the impact of active mobility on social sustainability remains challenging due to the lack of clear identification of the specific SDGs influenced by it. This review analyses how previous articles quantify active mobility, its antecedents, and impacts. Additionally, it aims to find if any impacts can contribute to defining Social Sustainability. A Rapid Evident Assessment method was employed in this research in two databases: PsycINFO and Scopus. Out of the first pool of 61 papers, 19 articles were selected. The findings provide a comprehensive framework of the variables that influence active mobility and those influenced by it. Active mobility predominantly contributes to addressing the 11th, 10th and 3rd SDGs. Furthermore, the social sustainability quantification can benefit from assessing active mobility impacts. This work also identifies knowledge gaps, offering valuable guidance for future research in the field
Parking demand diagnosis by automated payment transaction (APT) data: an application in a small-sized tourist city
No full textThe parking demand is a fundamental datum to evaluate and implement integrated policies of sustainable urban mobility in urban areas. Parking demand is hard to quantify and relevant in small- and medium-sized urban systems, especially with a high-tourist interest due to temporary flows and few available resources. The previous studies highlighted how demand assessment is a complex task, usually addressed by prediction models or exploitation of sensors in the field. Nevertheless, studies have yet to focus on the potential of automated payment transaction (APT) technologies in data collection and processing for parking demand analysis. However, they involve several challenges in data handling. This study proposes a method to automatically handle APT raw data to estimate some drivers of parking demand, such as the parking occupancy rates, the parking average time duration, and the rotation index of block-level on-street parking and/or parking area. The method has been experimented in the small-sized and touristic city of Sirmione (Italy) and used 23+ million APT data collected in 2 months of observation. The results are represented by control dashboards that are easy to read and interpret. The experimentation shows that practitioners and public administrations can adopt this method to diagnose parking demand with great accuracy and derive recommenda tions for future transport and urban planning. In the new paradigm of demand-oriented services, this method is crucial to quantify the ability of administrators to address parking demand
The Role of Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and Connectedness in Dropout Intention in a Sample of Italian College Students
Full text linkDropout is a critical concern in higher education, with a considerable number of students
leaving within the first two years of university. Dropout affects students’ well-being and their
academic and career prospects, and institutions’ retention and graduation rates. The aim of this study
was to explore the mediating role of motivation and cognitive strategies for learning in the relationship
among self-efficacy, connectedness, and university dropout intention. A total of 790 Italian college
freshmen were involved in this study. The sample was recruited through a web survey consisting
of the Academic Motivation Scale, Perceived School Self-Efficacy Scale, University Connectedness
Scale, and Self-Regulated Knowledge Scale-University. The freshmen’s intentions to drop out were
assessed with five questions. The average age of the freshmen was 20.9 years, most of them were
female, and were attending a degree program in the medical area. The results show that self-efficacy
is the most important predictor of dropout intentions, followed by university connectedness. Selfregulated knowledge has an important role in predicting dropout intention by acting as a mediator
between self-efficacy and motivation.This study underlines the importance of investing in training
and orientation interventions in order to develop the skills to fac
Helicopter Pilots’ Tasks, Subjective Workload, and the Role of External Visual Cues During Shipboard Landing
Full text linkHelicopter shipboard landing is a cognitively complex task that is challenging both for pilots and their crew. Effective communication, accurate reading of the flight instruments, as well as monitoring of the external environment are crucial for a successful landing. In particular, the final phases of landing are critical as they imply high workload situations in an unstable environment with restricted space. In the present qualitative study, we interviewed ten helicopter pilots from the Italian Navy using an applied cognitive task analysis approach. We aimed to obtain a detailed description of the landing procedure, and to identify relevant factors that affect pilots’ workload, performance, and safety. Based on the content analysis of the interviews, we have identified six distinct phases of approaching and landing on a ship deck and four categories of factors that may significantly affect pilots’ performance and safety of the landing procedure. Consistent with previous studies, our findings suggest that external visual cueing is vital for a successful landing, in particular during the last phases of landing. Therefore, based on the pilots’ statements, we provide suggestions for possible improvements of external visual cues that have the potential to reduce pilots’ workload and improve the overall safety of landing operations
Visual Scanning Techniques and Mental Workload of Helicopter Pilots During Simulated Flight
Full text linkThe visual scanning techniques used by helicopter pilots are a critical skill to accomplish safe and correct landing. According to the human information processing theory, visual scanning techniques can be analyzed as a function of fixation location, number, and duration of fixations.
This study assessed these techniques in expert and novice pilots during an open sea flight simulation in a low-workload condition, consisting of a daylight and good weather simulation, and in a high-workload condition of night-time, low visibility, and adverse weather conditions. Taking part in the study were 12 helicopter pilots. Mental workload was assessed through psychological measures (NASA-TLX). The pilots’ performance was assessed and eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracker during four phases of the flight simulations.
Overall, pilots made more fixations out of the window (OTW; 22.54) than inside the cockpit (ITC; 11.08), Fixations were longer OTW (830.17 ms) than ITC (647.97 ms) and they were shorter in the low-demand condition (626.27 ms). Further, pilots reported higher mental workload (NASA-TLX) in the high-demand condition compared to the low-demand condition, regardless of their expertise, and expert pilots reported a lower mental workload compared to novice pilots.
Pilots’ performance and perceived mental workload varied as a function of expertise and flight conditions. Pilots rely on instrument support during the cruise phase and external visual cues during the landing phase. The implications for a new visual landing system design are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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