539 research outputs found
The principle of Ultra Vires and the local authorities’ decisions in England
No full textThe hypothesis of this thesis is that valid administrative decisions from local authorities are guaranteed via clear and precise enabling clauses in the primary legislation. Taking examples from local government in England, the author argues that the style of drafting local authorities’ legislations influences decisions taken by local authorities - so in attempting to exercise implied powers conferred by the imprecise enabling legislation and insufficient guidance, local authorities tend to go beyond intended legal powers and as a result take unreasonable, arbitrary and invalid decisions
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A new type of massive spin-one boson: And its relation with Maxwell equations
No full textFirst, the author showed that in the (1, 0) {circle_plus} (0, 1) representation space there exist not one but two theories for charged particles. In the Weinberg construct, the boson and its antiboson carry same relative intrinsic parity, whereas in the author`s construct the relative intrinsic parities of the boson and its antiboson are opposite. These results originate from the commutativity of the operations of Charge conjugation and Parity in Weinberg`s theory, and from the anti-commutativity of the operations of Charge conjugation and Parity in the author`s theory. The author thus claims that he has constructed a first non-trivial quantum theory of fields for the Wigner-type particles. Second, the massless limit of both theories seems formally identical and suggests a fundamental modification of Maxwell equations. At its simplest level, the modification to Maxwell equations enters via additional boundary condition(s)
William Maxwell
No full textWilliam Maxwell (b. 1908–d. 2000) was born in Lincoln, Illinois, and lived there until he was fourteen, when he moved to Chicago. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and then spent a year at Harvard, where he earned an MA in 1931. He then returned to Urbana, where he took graduate courses and taught freshman composition for two years. In 1936, Maxwell moved to New York City and found work at the New Yorker, where he served for forty years, first in the art department and then as a fiction editor. In 1945, Maxwell married Emily Gilman Noyes, and the couple had two children, Katherine Farrington and Emily Brooke. As a fiction editor, he worked with such notable writers as John Cheever (b. 1912–d. 1982), Vladimir Nabokov (b. 1899–d. 1977), Frank O’Connor (b. 1903–d. 1966), John O’Hara (b. 1905–d. 1970), V. S. Pritchett (b. 1900–d. 1997), J. D. Salinger (b. 1919–d. 2010), John Updike (b. 1932–d. 2009), and Eudora Welty (b. 1909–d. 2001). From 1969 to 1972, he served as president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. During the course of his lifetime, he published six novels, two collections of stories, two collections of tales (one printed privately), a volume of collected stories, a family history, a volume of essays and reviews, and two books for children. The defining event in Maxwell’s life was the death of his mother in the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic. In the 1985 Godine edition of the novel The Chateau, a “Note about the Author” appears on the final page, and in this note Maxwell recalls his mother’s death: “It happened too suddenly, with no warning, and we none of us could believe it or bear it. My father’s face turned the color of ashes and stayed that way a whole year. The nightmare went on and on.” The subject of his mother’s death is treated, either directly or indirectly, in a number of his works, including his final novel, So Long, See You Tomorrow, which won the William Dean Howells medal and the National Book Award. In addition to these and other awards that honor individual works, Maxwell received several awards for lifetime achievement, including the Gold Medal for lifetime achievement in the category of Fiction from the American Institute of Arts and Letters and the PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in Short Fiction, which recognizes a body of work that exemplifies excellence in the short-story genre.</p
H. J. Bhabha : a case study of synchronous references
No full textQuantitative analysis of the events of synchronous references in the research papers followed throughout the publishing career of an individual scientist revealed interesting highlights on the knowledge-generating-system. In the case study of Homi Jehangir Bhabha first quinquennium and fifth quinquennium of his research career had low Self-references; third quinquennium and fourth quinquennium had moderate Self-references; whereas second quinquennium had highest Self-references. The two major clusters of Self-references occurring during the second and third quinquennium were indicators of active periods of knowledgegenerating and faster communications.(Revised version published in 2006 in International Journal of Nuclear Knowledge Management,Vol.2. No.1. pp.14-30. see PDF2
Translating varieties of English in a cross-cultural perspective: lexical items and nominal groups in the translation of works by R.K. Narayan and V. Chandra into Italian
No full textThe paper aims at analysing linguistic problems and cross-cultural aspects in translating the Variety of ‘Indian English’, using insights from sociolinguistics and Systemic Functional Linguistics, Translation Studies and semiotics. In particular, the study tries to illustrate different kinds of ‘Indianization of English’ (Kachru 1983) and methods to cope with it when translating Indian literature in English, drawing illustrative examples from the novel Swami and Friends by R.K. Narayan (Madras, 1906-2001) and from the collection of short-stories Love and Longing in Bombay by Vikram Chandra (New Delhi, 1961-), translated into Italian by the author of this study.
If it is true that translation is not only a linguistic transcoding but also a cross-cultural transfer when dealing with closely related languages, this is even more evident when translating literary works from distant cultures, where the ‘Context of Culture’ (Malinowski 1935: 18) is even more different.
When translating Indian creative writing in English in particular, language is an integral part of culture not only because of the pragmatic cultural aspects of a distant setting, but also for the peculiarity of the literary context.
Thus when translating an Indian literary work in English into another language, the translator should consider language as both the result of a multilingual/multicultural contact and a writer’s personal option. Moreover, s/he should not forget that, as G.J.V. Prasad pointed out, Indian English writers “[...] use different strategies to make their works sound like translations” (Bassnett and Trivedi 1999: 14).
Indian writers ‘Indianize’ their English through various linguistic experiments at various levels: morphology, syntax, lexis. Without wanting to minimize the importance of grammar in cross-cultural translation, the focus in this paper is on lexical aspects only, in an attempt to demonstrate that, as R.R. Mehrotra remarked, words are really “the repository of culture” and “the carriers of sociocultural genes” (Mehrotra 1987: 104).
The core of the first part aims at offering an overview of the range of such linguistic devices in the two literary texts taken into consideration and of “[...] the interplay between semantic components, pragmatic functions and contextual features that determine the linguistic [...] choices” (Mehrotra 1989: 422).
The second part illustrates how these linguistic devices are used in such a way that their meaning can be inferred from the context, since they are interpolated in the text through a strategy referred to as “cushioning” (Young 1976, quoted in Sridhar: 1982/83). Seeking to demonstrate this, the study proposes an analysis of some examples based on a Hallidayan approach (Halliday 1994): through an examining of Nominal Groups, it is seen how Modifiers are often employed to suggest the meaning that the Indian word wants to convey.
These two aspects are investigated with a view to highlighting the necessity of a kind of translation whose purpose is respecting the cultural value of the source-language text. In this kind of translation of works from a very different cultural context and with a particular literary intent, the choice has been mostly oriented towards a so-called ‘foreignizing’ translation (Venuti 1995: 20). From a post-colonial perspective, the intended purpose has been to try to respect the cultural value of the source-language text and to consider translation as an experience of the Other
Prisoners and the right to vote: the decision in Hirst v United Kingdom (No 2)
No full textPublisher statement: 2004 E.H.R.L.R.: No. 4, © Sweet & Maxwell and Author, available via www.westlaw.co
Energy transfer channels and turbulence cascade in Vlasov-Maxwell turbulence
No full textAnalysis of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations from the perspective of turbulence cascade clarifies the role of electromagnetic work, and reveals the importance of the pressure-strain relation in generating internal energy. Particle-in-cell simulation demonstrates the relative importance of the several energy exchange terms, indicating that the traceless pressure-strain interaction "Pi-D" is of particular importance for both electrons and protons. The Pi-D interaction and the second tensor invariants of the strain are highly localized in similar spatial regions, indicating that energy transfer occurs preferentially in coherent structures. The collisionless turbulence cascade may be fruitfully explored by study of these energy transfer channels, in addition to examining transfer across spatial scales.NSF [AGS-1063439, AGS-1156094, AGS-1460130]; Parker Solar Probe science team (ISIS/SWRI) [D99031L]; NASA [NNX14AI63G, NNX14AC39G]; National Science Foundation; China Scholarship Council; NSFC [11672123]SCI(E)ARTICLE69
Space-time decompositions via differential forms
No full textsummary:The author presents a simple method (by using the standard theory of connections on principle bundles) of -decomposition of the physical equations written in terms of differential forms on a 4-dimensional spacetime of general relativity, with respect to a general observer. Finally, the author suggests possible applications of such a decomposition to the Maxwell theory
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Rights lost in translation? Fact-insensitive laws, the Human Rights Act and the United Kingdom's ban on political advertising
No full textThis article explores the issue of blanket legal prohibitions and how these sit with proportionality under the ECHR and the HRA as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights and English courts. The author first looks at Strasbourg case law and factors examined by the European Court in deciding whether a fact-insensitive law is proportionate. He then considers the domestic decision of R. (on the application of Animal Defenders International) v Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and finally analyses the difficulties this approach raises in giving effect to Convention rights under the mechanisms of the HRA
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