123 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Explainable machine learning prediction of edema adverse events in patients treated with tepotinib
No full textISSN:1752-8062ISSN:1752-8054ISSN:1752-805
Zur Konzeption und Tradierung von Geschlechterrollen in ausgewählten Schriften pädagogischer Klassiker
No full textInflammatory cytokines increase extracellular procathepsin D in permanent and primary endothelial cell cultures
No full textThe protease cathepsin D (Cath D) and its proteolytically inactive proform, procathepsin D (ProCath D), turned out to be multifunctional within and outside the cell. Elevated levels of ProCath D occur in malignant tumors and in organs under chronic inflammation. One important source for this increase of ProCath D might be endothelial cells. Here we examined the expression of Cath D in the human endothelial cell line EA.hy 926 and in primary endothelial cells isolated from human umbilical cord veins (HUVEC). After serum-free incubation with or without human interferon-γ (hIFN-γ) and/or human tumor necrosis factor-α (hTNF-α) immature and mature Cath D forms were examined in cell extracts and in cell-conditioned medium concentrates by Western blotting. Lysates of EA.hy 926 cells as well as of HUVEC contained active Cath D as two-chain form, but only negligible amounts of ProCath D and Cath D intermediates. Yet both endothelial cell cultures accumulated ProCath D in their conditioned media in the absence of any stimulus. The treatment with hIFN-γ and/or hTNF-α had little effect on intracellular levels of Cath D, whereas the cytokine stimulation increased the extracellular presence of ProCath D in both endothelial cell cultures. The extracellular increase of ProCath D was not related to induction of apoptosis, as validated by cleaved caspase-3 in cell lysates. Acidification of cytokine-treated media converted ProCath D into Cath D, which was associated with cathepsin-like activity using a fluorogenic substrate-linked assay. We conclude, in vitro, endothelial cells are a cytokine-dependent source for extracellular ProCath D.Sabine Erdmann, Albert Ricken, Katja Hummitzsch, Claudia Merkwitz, Nicole Schliebe, Frank Gaunitz, Rainer Strotmann and Katharina Spanel-Borowsk
Positive Selection in East Asians for an EDAR Allele that Enhances NF-κB Activation
No full textGenome-wide scans for positive selection in humans provide a promising approach to establish links between genetic variants and adaptive phenotypes. From this approach, lists of hundreds of candidate genomic regions for positive selection have been assembled. These candidate regions are expected to contain variants that contribute to adaptive phenotypes, but few of these regions have been associated with phenotypic effects. Here we present evidence that a derived nonsynonymous substitution (370A) in EDAR, a gene involved in ectodermal development, was driven to high frequency in East Asia by positive selection prior to 10,000 years ago. With an in vitro transfection assay, we demonstrate that 370A enhances NF-κB activity. Our results suggest that 370A is a positively selected functional genetic variant that underlies an adaptive human phenotype
Author name disambiguation for collaboration network analysis and visualization
No full textIn this paper we outline a heuristic algorithm for disambiguating author names of publications via deterministic clustering based on well-defined similarity measures between publications in which their names appear as authors. The algorithm is designed to be used in the construction of a collaboration network, i.e., a graph of author nodes and co-author links. In this context, the goal is to produce a co-authorship graph with network characteristics that are close to those of the “true” collaboration network, so that meaningful network metrics can be determined.The algorithm we present here is fairly easily comprehended as it does not depend on any sophisticated AI techniques. This is important in the context of policy studies, in which we successfully applied it, as it enables policy makers to judge the soundness of the methodology with considerable confidence. It is also quite fast, making it possible to run large-scale analyses (here, in the order of a hundred thousand publications and in the order of a million names to be disambiguated) on a moderately sized desktop computer within a few days.The algorithm is, finally, open to improvement via extensions that take into account additional kinds of fields in bibliographic records of publications to provide evidence that two occurrences of similar names belong to the same individual
On the politicization of intergovernmental fiscal relations in Germany after unification
No full textA recent decision of the German Constitutional Court requires political decision makers to revise the system of intergovernmental transfers in order to limit free bargaining among state and federal government officials. The present paper provides empirical support for the thesis that political discretion has become increasingly important in the transfer negotiations after Unification. We attempt to show why political influences gained weight relative to economic considerations in the determination of net gains. This politicization of the fiscal transfer system appears to be a consequence of the inability of policy makers to agree on a fundamental reform in the early 1990's.
Author bibliographic coupling: Another approach to citation‐based author knowledge network analysis
No full textWas the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine awarded for a Kuhnian paradigm shift? An author co-citation analysis perspective
No full textStem cell research has been a fast growing, highly successful, and at the
same time highly controversial field in recent years. Using a highly optimized
author co-citation analysis methodology to study the intellectual structure
of this field over the time period 2004–2009, we find that the induced
pluripotent stem cell breakthrough that earned Shinya Yamanaka the 2012
Nobel Prize in Medicine did indeed quickly redefine its entire research field,
and thus might truly qualify as a “paradigm shift” in Kuhn’s sense
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