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Interaction entre une onde de choc et un film de savon [Soutenance 18.12.2019]
No full textsupervisors Isabelle Cantat (department of soft matter) and Steven Kerampransous la direction de Isabelle Cantat dans le département matière molle et Steven Kerampra
Interaction entre une onde de choc et un film de savon
No full textNumerous works have proven that liquid foams significantly attenuate shockwaves. However, even though many theories have been developed, the underlying mechanisms behind this attenuation remains mostly unknown. For the sake of simplicity, we studied the interaction between shockwaves and one of the base elements of foam: foam films. To generate the shockwaves we needed, we created a modular shocktube that allows us to modify both the shape of the pressure signal and the orientation of the films. We started by studying the acceleration of a single foam film impacted by a parallel shockwave. We observed the reflexion and transmission of the shockwave and the movement of the film, which allowed us to get the film’s acceleration time and terminal velocity. We then studied the effects of thickness gradients within the film during the acceleration phase. We developed a model to explain how these gradients affect the breaking of the films. Finally, we studied the interaction between a shockwave and a film, when the two are not parallel to each other. We observed the development of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the film before its rupture.De nombreux travaux ont permis de montrer que les mousses ont la capacité d’atténuer fortement les effets des ondes de choc. Cependant, bien que de nombreuses théories aient été proposées, les mécanismes physiques à l’origine de cette atténuation restent majoritairement inconnus. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, afin de simplifier problème, nous avons décidé d’étudier en particulier l’interaction entre une onde de choc et l’un des composants élémentaires de la mousse : le film de savon. Pour cela, nous avons dimensionné et fabriqué un tube à choc modulaire qui nous permet de générer des ondes de choc avec différents profils de pression et de les faire interagir avec de nombreuses configurations de films de savon. Nous avons commencé par étudier l’accélération d’un film de savon impacté par une onde de choc parallèle au film. Nous avons observé la réflexion et la transmission de l’onde de choc incidente et étudié le mouvement du film afin de déterminer son temps d’accélération et sa vitesse terminale. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’effet des gradients d’épaisseur dans le film lors de la phase d’accélération . Nous avons développé un modèle permettant d’expliquer les différences comment ces gradients influencent la rupture du film.Pour finir, nous avons étudié l’interaction entre une onde de choc et un film, si celui ci n’est pas parallèle au choc. Nous avons alors observé l’apparition d’une instabilité de Kelvin-Helmholtz sur le film avant sa rupture
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Interaction between a shockwave and a foam film
No full textDe nombreux travaux ont permis de montrer que les mousses ont la capacité d’atténuer fortement les effets des ondes de choc. Cependant, bien que de nombreuses théories aient été proposées, les mécanismes physiques à l’origine de cette atténuation restent majoritairement inconnus. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, afin de simplifier problème, nous avons décidé d’étudier en particulier l’interaction entre une onde de choc et l’un des composants élémentaires de la mousse : le film de savon. Pour cela, nous avons dimensionné et fabriqué un tube à choc modulaire qui nous permet de générer des ondes de choc avec différents profils de pression et de les faire interagir avec de nombreuses configurations de films de savon. Nous avons commencé par étudier l’accélération d’un film de savon impacté par une onde de choc parallèle au film. Nous avons observé la réflexion et la transmission de l’onde de choc incidente et étudié le mouvement du film afin de déterminer son temps d’accélération et sa vitesse terminale. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’effet des gradients d’épaisseur dans le film lors de la phase d’accélération . Nous avons développé un modèle permettant d’expliquer les différences comment ces gradients influencent la rupture du film.Pour finir, nous avons étudié l’interaction entre une onde de choc et un film, si celui ci n’est pas parallèle au choc. Nous avons alors observé l’apparition d’une instabilité de Kelvin-Helmholtz sur le film avant sa rupture.Numerous works have proven that liquid foams significantly attenuate shockwaves. However, even though many theories have been developed, the underlying mechanisms behind this attenuation remains mostly unknown. For the sake of simplicity, we studied the interaction between shockwaves and one of the base elements of foam: foam films. To generate the shockwaves we needed, we created a modular shocktube that allows us to modify both the shape of the pressure signal and the orientation of the films. We started by studying the acceleration of a single foam film impacted by a parallel shockwave. We observed the reflexion and transmission of the shockwave and the movement of the film, which allowed us to get the film’s acceleration time and terminal velocity. We then studied the effects of thickness gradients within the film during the acceleration phase. We developed a model to explain how these gradients affect the breaking of the films. Finally, we studied the interaction between a shockwave and a film, when the two are not parallel to each other. We observed the development of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the film before its rupture
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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