574 research outputs found
ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں
No full text<p>Foreword (Translated by Eesha Farzeen Khan)</p><p>Introducing the book "ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں" is an honor for me. Nasir Razzaq, who is a renowned and celebrated young author and poet. All of his works reflect his insight, sensitivity, and artistry. Razzaq's work is a journey through various emotions experienced in our lives, and his books serve as a reminder that amidst chaos and turmoil, there is always a voice of hope and peace that we can find within ourselves.</p><p>In the landscape of contemporary literature, encountering a body of work that dives deeply into the complexities of the human heart and reflects the numerous complexities of our society is a rare delight. "ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں," a remarkable effort by Nasir Razzaq, is a literary gem that offers its readers a unique journey through the depths of human emotions and the challenges presented in our ever-changing world.</p><p>Nasir Razzaq has skillfully woven a tapestry of stories and poetry that not only captivates the reader's imagination but also encourages self-reflection and thoughtful contemplation. Reading Razzaq's writings creates a beautiful scenario where love, loyalty, selfless love, and betrayal—all these subjects—come together. Various voices and expressions complement each other, creating a rich and varied experience that is thought-provoking and deeply moving.</p><p>"ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں" encompasses a wide array of subjects, exploring the complexities of human relationships, the quest for self-discovery, and the societal expectations impacting our lives. Through the author's style of writing, I feel that life is an endless journey where everyone carries their pains and joys with them.</p><p>As soon as you begin the journey through the pages of this book, you will find yourself lost in the realms that Nasir Sahib has masterfully crafted. The author's deep understanding of human conditions and the complexities of our society is evident in every line, every poem, and every philosophy.</p><p>Whether you find peace in the emotional depths of poetry or are motivated to act on the critical issues presented in prose, "ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں" is a composition that will stay in your mind long after turning the last page.</p><p>After reading "ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں", I felt that every word and every sentence speaks of love and emotions. It is my desire that everyone reads this book and participates in the intellectual journey of Nasir Sahib.</p><p>With respect,</p><p>Professor S. Sirajuddin Ajmali</p><p>Department of Urdu, Aligarh Muslim University, India</p>
Nasir Shehzad as a Preface Writer: ناصر شہزاد بحیثیت دیپاچہ نگار
No full textNasir Shehzad is a notable literary figure of the 20th century. He wrote down many books: “Kon Dais Gyo,” “Pukarti Rahee Bansi, andd "Ban Bas." He not only wrote the prefaces of his own books but also the books of his contemporaries. Nasir Shehzad creates a unique pleasure with his style of narration in the prefaces. The book and the author are introduced by him in a good manner. In these prefaces, a glimpse of his literature, ideas, and personality is also seen. He has written prefaces only on poetry genres. Along with songs, ghazals, and poems in these poetry genres, he has shed light on the tradition and narration of coffee and couplets in the form of a preface. The main purpose of the preface is to make the contents of the book clear in such a way that the person interested in the subject is drawn to read it because it makes the outline of the book clear to the reader, which makes the reader interested in the study. The prefaces of Nasir Shahzad meet this standard to a great extent. In this article, effort is made to analyze his preface writing in detail.
Reference:
1. Ibadat Barelvi, Dr., Compiler, Qadar Abdul Haq (Extended Edition), Lahore: Urdu Center, 1964, p. 862. All Ahmad Surur, Professor, What is criticism, Karachi: Urdu Academy Sindh, Sun Darhad, p. 7.1963. Nasir Shehzad, Bin Bas, p. 7. 364. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, Preface (Lyric Setting of Gita Geet) by Nasir Shahzad, Karachi: Pakistan Writers Guild Sindh,2006, p.:175. Also, p. 2.116. Also, p. 157. Tahir Saeed Haroon, Dr., Megh Malhar, Foreword: Megh Malhar and her First Phuwar by Nasir Shahzad, Lahore: Sang-e-Mail Publi.cations, 700 2, p. 58. Jameel Azimabadi, Doha Sansar, Foreword: Gyan Darpan by Nasir Shahzad Contents: Doha Sansar, Karachi: Rashid Publications,2004, pp. 1-209. Shaukat Hashmi, Hal Dhamaal, Foreword: Nasir Shehzad, Lahore: Al-Hamd Publications, 1995, p. 510. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yaar Da Vihra, Preface: Punjabi Kafi An Additional Case by Nasir Shahzad, Okara:Sound-e-Hadi Sheikho Sharif Institute, 2009, pp. 27-811. Javed Batsh, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, Preface: Musafat-e-Shib-Tab by Nasir Shehzad, Sahiwal: Tamehol Publications, 2002, p. 1612. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yar Da Vehra, p. 2813. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, p. 1614. Jameel Azeemabadi, Doha Sansar, Preface: Gyan Darpan by Nasir Shahzad, including Doha Sansar, p. 2015. Abid Ali Abid, Syed, Style, Lahore: Sangmail Publications, 2001, p. 6016. All Ahmad Suroor, Professor, Visions and Ideas (Prose Style), New Delhi: New Delhi Maktaba Jamia Limited, 1973, p. 4917. Moinuddin Aqeel, Dr., Pakistani Ghazal, Formative Period Attitudes and Trends, Karachi: Abul Kalam Azad Research Institute, 1997, p. 10718. Tahir Saeed Haroon, Dr., Megh Malhar, p. 1219. Nasir Shehzad, Who Des Gayo (Backflap) by Joginder Pal20. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, p. 1621. Javed Batish, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, p. 2022. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yar Da Vihra, p. 2723. Ibid, p. 2124. Ibid, p. 2525. Javed Batish, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, p. 13.
Flow structure and heat transfer in an impinging jet CVD reactor:
No full textA detailed experimental study is undertaken to investigate the flow structure and heat transfer in an impinging jet Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) reactor at atmospheric pressure. It is critical to develop models that predict flow patterns in such a reactor to achieve uniform deposition across the substrate. Free convection can negatively affect the gas flow as cold inlet gas impinges on the heated substrate, leading to vortices and disturbances in the normal flow path. This experimental research will be used to understand the buoyancy-induced and momentum-driven flow structure encountered in an impinging jet CVD reactor. Investigations are conducted for various operational parameters such as substrate temperature and inlet velocity. In addition, different reactor geometries with varying inlet length and height between the substrate and inlet are included in the study. Experimental results obtained from the study provide information on the temperature distribution, heat transfer rates, and flow field. Such results validate the operation of the reactor at atmospheric pressure and provide valuable insight into future design of impinging jet CVD reactors.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67)by Nasir Memo
Trichogramma siddiqi Nasir & Scholler, n. sp.
No full textTrichogramma siddiqi Nasir & Schöller n. sp. (Figs 1 –2, 5– 8) Differential diagnosis. A yellowish brown species with dark brown abdomen, longest seta of flagellum being 3.4 times the basal width of flagellum; IVP narrowly subtriangular, VR is narrow at the base of IVP, VP at the base of IVP, slightly protuberant; the ovipositor is slightly shorter than hind tibia. The new species is Similar to T. chilonis, except as follows: in males of T. chilonis the longest seta of the flagellum is 2.5 times the basal width of flagellum (Nagarkatti & Nagaraja 1979) (vs 3.4 times in T. siddiqi, Fig. 5), IVP of the genital capsule forms a perfect triangle (Fig. 3) (vs IVP narrowly subtriangular, Fig. 1), VR is broader at the base of the IVP and gradually narrows anteriorly (vs VR narrow at base of IVP), and ventral process papilliform to base of IVP (VP positioned at the base of IVP, slightly protuberant). In females of T. chilonis the ovipositor is equal to or slightly longer than the hind tibia (vs ovipositor slightly shorter than hind tibia). Trichogramma siddiqi (Figs 1, 2, 5–8) is also similar to several other species, namely T. poliae Nagaraja (1973) and T. bactrianum Sugonjaev and Sorokina (1976). In males of T. poliae the apodemes of the aedeagus are shorter than the remaining aedeagus and the longest seta of the flagellum is 3 times the maximum width of the flagellum, whereas in males of T. siddiqi the apodemes (Fig. 2) are subequal in length to the remaining aedeagus and the longest seta of flagellum (Fig. 5) is 3.4 times the maximum width of the flagellum. Similarly, males of T. bactrianum can be distinguished from those of T. siddiqi on the basis of the longest seta of the flagellum being only 2 times the maximum width of the flagellum. Type specimens. Holotype (male, SNGC) labeling: / Holotype T. siddiqi sp. n., des. Nasir & Schöller, Pakistan, Punjab, Murree 33 ° 54 ’N 73 ° 23 ’E [white with black frame] / Habitat: Tomato field, ex eggs of: Helicoverpa armigera, Host eggs on: Solanum lycopersicum, Code: ME- 2, Spec. No. SMFH 2529 [white with black frame] /. 5 Paratypes: (1 female, SNGC, 1 male BMNH, 1 male MESC, 1 male NIC, 1 male NMNH) all paratypes with our label: / Paratype Trichogramma siddiqi sp. n. des. Nasir & Schöller, Pakistan, Punjab, Murree (33 ° 54 'N 73 ° 23 'E) [white with black frame] / Habitat: Tomato field, Ex eggs of: Helicoverpa armigera, Host eggs on: Solanum lycopersicum, Code: ME- 2 [white with black frame]/. Description of Holotype. Habitus: Yellowish with brown shading, length 0.51 mm, width across head 0.2 mm. Head: Yellow, flagellum 0.33 mm long (Fig. 5), about twice length of scape, FL/FW = 6.6, FL/HTL = 1.25; flagellar setae slender, elongate, tapered abruptly at apex. Mesosoma: Almost entirely yellow with light brownish shading laterally, fore wing 0.44 mm wide, FWW/ FWL = 0.60, with 18–38 setae between 4 th and 5 th tracks, longest fringe setae 0.04 mm, hind wing with 3 or 4 and 6–13 setae in anterior and posterior tracks, respectively; hind tarsi dark brown. Gaster: Dark brown; genital capsule relatively broad (Figs 1, 7), length 0.43 times width, sides distinctly arcuate at middle, not obviously constricted near level of IVP, abruptly convergent from widest point to base of PM; PM relatively narrow, straight, slightly converging towards apex; AD/GL = 0.23; AW/GW = 0.5; DAL /GL = 0.67; DLA originating from near middle of GC, notched at base with distinctly lobed shoulders which attain or slightly surpass the sides of GC, narrowing posterior to shoulders, forming a short, moderately broad, linguiform posterior extension whose width at level of IVP is subequal to that of aedeagus, its length from apex of DA = 0.04 mm; VS slightly bowed occupying 0.5 of AD; IVP well developed, narrowly subtriangular at base, occupying 0.5 of AD; VR narrow at the base of IVP, occupying 0.6 BD; VP positioned at base of IVP, slightly protuberant, aedeagus length (Fig. 2) subequal to GL, AL/HTL = 0.76; apodemes occupying 0.46 of AL. Female Paratypes: Relatively lighter in colour compared to male; ovipositor (Fig. 8) slightly shorter than length of hind tibia, ratio OL/HTL = 0.85. Biology. Emerged from eggs of Helicoverpa armigera on Solanum lycopersicum found in a small tomato field at an altitude of 2134 m, it can be continuously reared on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Etymology. This species is dedicated to Mr. Muhammad Siddiq (Late), the loving father of the first author who supported him throughout his carreer. Systematic placement. Trichogramma siddiqi belongs to the nominate subgenus and is placed in the exiguum - species section sensu Pinto (1999).Published as part of Nasir, Farooq Muhammad, Büttner, Carmen, Reichmuth, Christoph, Poswal, Ashraf, Hagedorn, Gregor & Schöller, Matthias, 2011, A new species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) closely related to T. chilonis Ishii from Pakistan, pp. 41-48 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 43-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20337
Understanding the Rohingya crisis
No full textFor more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/Dr. Nasir Uddin , Asia Studies Visiting Fellow at the East-West Center in Washington, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Chittagong, and author of “The Rohingya: An Ethnography of Subhuman Life,” explains that Bangladesh now hosts 1.3 million Rohingya refugees in Ukhia and Teknaf, the largest refugee camp in the world" and how "[r]ecent events have made the Rohingyas’ future in Myanmar a more complex proposition.
Multiple inverse-diffusion flame synthesis of carbon nanomaterials
No full textCarbon nanomaterials exhibit many remarkable electrical and physical properties. An ongoing challenge associated with specific novel carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene, is the development of large-scale production methods at low cost. The broad objective of this work is to investigate flame synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, specifically graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), using open-atmosphere processing, with an eye towards scalability. An experimental study using a novel setup, based on multiple inverse-diffusion flames is undertaken to investigate the direct flame-synthesis of CNTs and graphene on metal substrates. Few-layer graphene (FLG) is grown on copper and nickel substrates at high rates using the novel flame-synthesis burner. Substrate material (i.e. copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, and copper-nickel alloy), along with its temperature and hydrogen pretreatment, strongly impacts the quality and uniformity of the graphene films. The growth of FLG occurs in the temperature range 750-950°C for copper and 600-850°C for nickel and cobalt. For iron, the growth of graphene is not exclusively observed. CNT growth is observed on a number of substrates. Transitional growth between CNTs and graphene films occurs on nickel and nickel alloys, depending on composition and temperature. For nickel, copper-nickel, nitinol, and Inconel substrates, CNTs grow at 500°C. The transitional growth to few-layer graphene is observed on nickel, copper-nickel and Inconel by changing the substrate temperature to 850°C. The growth of graphene is not observed on nitinol for the examined experimental conditions. The growth of few-layer graphene films and CNTs are also investigated using various metal-oxide spinels as catalysts. The growth of CNTs is examined on NiAl2O4, CoAl2O4 and ZnFe2O4 using counterflow diffusion flame and multiple inverse-diffusion flames, while the growth of graphene is examined on CuFe2O4 using multiple inverse-diffusion flames. Finally, the growth of CNTs and iron oxide is studied on stainless steel. At low temperatures (500oC) the growth of α-Fe2O3 is observed, while at higher temperatures (850oC) the growth of CNTs is observed. Additionally, by following a two-step growth process, where the temperature is changed from 500oC to 850oC, the growth of CNTs and γ-Fe2O3 occurs.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Nasir K. Memo
Three Different Approaches (Hostile, Mythical, and Admiring) to Nasir Khusraw in the History of Persian Literature
No full textNasir Khusraw is one of the great and influential figures in the history, culture, and literature of Iran. But because of his political and ideological activity in the dominant religion, some have sometimes deliberately ignored him, and beyond that, some have sometimes insulted him the worst. Nevertheless, the Iranian literary friend taste has always praised the eloquence of his poems, regardless of the religion of the poet, and some of those poems have been remembered and preserved over the centuries. This article intends to examine and analyze the extent and manner of his presence in the long-term written memory of Iranians by collecting any mention of Nasir Khusraw's name from the time after his death until the year 1000 AH. This research has been done using a descriptive-analytical method. According to the findings of this study, there are three different approaches to Nasir Khusraw in the texts. He is often referred to as ugly in the Islamic sectology texts. In some texts, regardless of ideological point of view, his poems are praised and his life is discussed, and the approach of some texts to his character is more mythical than real. The hostile mention of Nasir Khusrow's name has diminished since the military and propaganda activities of the Ismaili sect declined, and Nasir Khusrow's image has changed from a religious preacher to a Sufi who has miracles.Keywords: Ismaili, History of Literature, Tazkereh, Nasir Khusraw. IntroductionNasir Khusraw is one of the most unique poets in Persian literature. He is not a king praise poet, a mystic poet, a lyric literature composer, or an epic or fictional poet. He is a rare character; no one has ever been similar to him before, and no one has ever thought of imitating him. He himself had a challenging life full of ups and downs; the mention of him in classical texts is also paradoxical. Although Nasir Khusraw's level of poetry is worthy of being among the top six poets of Persian literature, the difference between his religion and Iranians' dominant religion has caused him not to be noticed as much as he deserves, and Persian's official literature has ignored him. (Ripka, 2002: 273) Some European scholars have even claimed that Nasir Khusraw was unknown in Iran, and Iranians recognized him after Western research! Even though these claims may be correct in a general sense, they deserve to be doubted and revised with a scrutinizing eye. The taste of Iranian poetry lovers focuses on eloquence and good locution, even when the composer is unknown or has subjects in poems that don't agree with his beliefs. In other words, because of Iranian's spirit of tolerance and pluralism, even though they knew that these poems were composed by a heretic, they did not put them aside. Now, we are going to examine how Nasir Khusraw has been mentioned in the literary history of Iran. Following his death, the sources that he was referenced in are revealed in this paper. With this detail, this article seeks to answer these questions (Research Questions):Are the ways that Nasir Khusraw has been mentioned in classic texts (after his death until the end of 10th century AH) the same or are they different? Are they positive or negative?How many of the ways that Nasir Khusraw has been mentioned in these texts are real or legendary?Why do the remembrances of Nasir Khusraw have legendary aspects? Literature reviewWe did not find any research on this content anywhere. Of course, Alice Hunsberger (2001) has discussed some of the books that mention Nasir Khusraw in a part of her book, and Mr. Dehghani (2018) mentioned some other texts. Earlier, in the book of Nasser Khusrow's image (Dashti, 1983: 14-16), there are several pages about the contradictory mention of Nasir Khusraw in the past. However, there are also some cases in literary history books, especially Zabihullah Safa's literary history (1990: Vol. 2, p. 444). DiscussionUnlike some who believe that Nasir Khusraw was not a well-known person in Iran, we believe he was a famous person. This claim can be proved for several reasons: 1. A large number of manuscripts of Nasir Khusraw's Diwan have been left. 2. A large number of stories about Nasir Khusraw have remained in Iranian written sources, and the people of Badakhshan still talk about them, which sometimes give him the vision of a saint or a demon. These legends have made their way into the old Iranian literary, historical, and geographical books. This also proves their antiquity and extent. Anyway, what we found in our research is that Nasir Khusraw was mentioned in nine sources in the sixth century, in four sources in the seventh century, in seven sources in the eighth century, in nine sources in the ninth century, and two sources in the tenth century. That proves Nasir Khusraw was never forgotten. After the 11th century, Nasir Khusraw's name appears in so many sources that an analysis of all of them is beyond the scope of one article. The mention of Nasir Khusraw in Persian sources is never similar and has at least three forms:3-1. Hostile mention of Nasir Khusraw's nameNasir Khusraw was an ideological and political activist and a controversial poet. It is normal for those who are against his religion to insult and curse him. During the studied period, Nasir Khusraw wasnot always remembered with admiration. The authors of the books MELAL WA NEHAL (Knowledge of Nations and Religions) and people who look at the ideological and political role of Nasir Khusraw in Badakhshan mention him with cursing and insulting. Nasir Khusraw's contemporary jurist, Hosseini Alavi (1997: 81), is the first author who mentions him badly in the book Bayan al-Adayan and calls him misguided and damned (MAL'OON), which has caused many people to go astray. Imam Fakhr Razi (1992: 89) has continued this behavior in the Eteghadato Feragh ol-Moslemin va Almoshrekin and Seyyed Morteza Hassani Razi (2004: 187) in the book Tabserat ol-Awam, which is again in Islamic MELAL WA NEHAL. Interestingly, the same tone of cursing was continued by Sheikh Mahmoud Shabastri (1991: 186), a famous mystic of the 8th century, in Saadat Nameh, whocalled him one of the heretics.3-2. Admirable mention of the name of Nasir KhusrawThe public taste of Iranians did not pay much attention to Nasir Khusra's ideological aspect but looked at his poems from the perspective of art. In this approach, if the view of Nasir's personality is not positive, there is no sign of the aggressive tone of the previous group. Here, rather than focusing on Nasser's opinion, attention is paid to the rhetoric of his poetry. In the Hada'egh ol-Sehr of Rashid Watwat (1969: 689), the poems of Suzani Samarkandi (Awfi, 1903: 202), Zaheer Faryabi (2002: 89), and Shah Nematullah Vali (2001: 859) are mentioned with respect. The other group of books that mention him is the historical books of the 8th and 9th centuries of Hijri, in which writers such as Fazlullah Hamdani (2008: 76) Hafez Abrou (1985: 83) talk about Nasir Khusraw and his travelogue, in the section mentioning the Fatimid caliphs and Ismaili activities in Khorasan. There is no cursing in these texts. One of the reasons for this tone change is the decline of the sectarian and preaching activities of Ismailiya and their overall security-political and ideological danger for the post-Mongol Islamic society. After this period, there was not much news about Alamuti's guerilla activities and the atmosphere of real or fake terror among the Ismaili activists, which provoked a sharp reaction in the opposition. Another reason for lowering this tone of stubbornness is that Nasir Khusraw's character entered a legendary and mystic atmosphere. As in most sources of the next group, he becomes a miraculous Sufi. This category, of course, can be related to the change in the activity style of the Ismaili sect after the Mongol period, which continued in the guise of a Sufi sect until the middle of the Qajar reign.3-3. A legendary approach to Nasir Khusraw The legendary approach to Nasir is the most dominant in dealing with his personality and life. The content of these legends, in most of which Nasir has superhuman strength and magical power, according to his followers, indicates the extraordinary power of their mentor, the same thing that in the mystical discourse, becomes "the miracles of saints" (Keramat e Oliya). Perhaps, the first book in which such stories are narrated is Asar al-Bilad and Akhbar al-Abad Qazvini. According to Qazvini's report, Nasir Khusraw was the King of Balkh and fled to Yumgan due to the rebellion of his people, where he built mysterious buildings with strange moving paintings on the walls and hidden doors that were opened by pulling a rope! (Ref: Qazvini, 1994: Vol. 1, p. 566) Another legendary approach that we know about Nasir Khusraw is to associate him with some intellectual and literary celebrities. In this approach, the writer, who is a fan of a literary or mystical personality, intends to raise his status by attributing the friendship and discipleship of one or more great personals to the person or sheikh in question; for example, in Rashidi's Tarbkhaneh (1985: 157) written in 867 AH, Nasir Khusraw's connection and devotion to the famous Khayyam is mentioned, and in Labab al-Bab of Dawlatshah Samarqandi (2003: 61), Nasir's devotion to the famous Abul Hasan Kharqani is mentioned. The most important legend that exists about Nasir is the same story that is known as a "fake autobiography" or "personal biography" in the research about Nasir Khusraw. This legend has attracted so much attention that, until the beginning of the last century, it was also printed in some prefaces of the Diwan. This autobiography is taken from an Arabic source called "Rasalah al-Nadamah Ela Zad al-Qiyamah" and it was translated for the first time by Taqiuddin Kashi (died 1016 AH) in the biography (TAZKAREH) of Kholasat al-Ashar and Zabdah al-Afkar (see Dehghani, 2018: 24). This is the same detailed story, part of which is related to Nasser's secret and anonymous presence in the market of Neishabur city and seeing how in the market someone who recited Nasir Khusraw's poem was hanged and his flesh was cut into pieces! The origin of this legend, or at least a part of it, has a very long history, as stated in the introduction to Nasir Khusraw's manuscript, "Selections of Davin Shoara Seth" (written in 714 Hijri). According to this long legend, Nasser becomes the vizier of the caliph of Baghdad, then, due to an accident, he is taken to Egypt, where he becomes a vizier and writes books conforming to their wishes, etc. ConclusionIn this article, we tried to analyze the long-term and dominant view of Iranians about Nasir Khusraw by collecting sources that have mentioned Nasir Khusraw. Repeating Nasir Khusraw 's name and poems several times in various Iranian texts proves that he has always been present in the memory of Iranians. The result of the research is as follows: Although Nasir Khusraw's religion was different from the religion of most Iranians, and some of his poems explain and propagate this distinctive religion, the history of Iranian culture and literature often mentions him and his poetic power with honor. In the meantime, Nasir Khusraw is mentioned with curses and insults only in the books of MELAL WA NEHAL or the works that were influenced by them. Of course, the hateful mention of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari is surprising in this regard. Gradually, this strict approach against Nasir Khusraw is reduced because he has found a Sufi character. Adopting a Sufi character is parallel to the change inthe Ismaili fighting method in the periods after the Mongol invasion. Another approach in looking at Nasir Khusraw is the legendary approach. In many sources, magical legends are attributed to Nasir Khusraw. This approach has been around since Nasir Khusraw's time and has gradually increased. Sometimes, this myth-making approach is combined with Sufi personification for him
Mannheim Membaca Tafsir Quraish Shihab dan Bahtiar Nasir Tentang Auliya’ Surah Al-Maidah Ayat 51
No full textThe author will examine al-Maidah verse 51 according to Quraish Shihab and Bachtiar Nasir, on the one hand, which as the holy book of Muslims with social phenomena arising from events in the Thousand Islands, on the other. It will be analyzed using the sociology of Mannheim’s knowledge. Quraish Shihab interprets auliya ‘not just one meaning: leader, because basically the word comes from a close meaning. So he, in al-Maidah verse 51, then raises the meaning of supporters, defenders, patrons, lovers and more important: all of which refer and have affiliation of the meaning of closeness. So it can be concluded in this conclusion that Quraihs Shihab is extrinsically disagreeing with the leader as the only meaning in the verse. In contrast to Quraish Shihab, Bachtiar Nasir actually interpreted auliya ‘as a leader. This meaning is based on the asbab al- nuzul which he describes in Tadabbur al-Qur’an, that the historicity in this verse has a leadership precedent.[Penulis akan menelaah Al-Maidah ayat 51 menurut Quraish Shihab dan Bachtiar Nasir, di satu sisi, yang sebagai kitab suci umat Islam dengan fenomena sosial yang muncul akibat dari peristiwa di Kepulaun Seribu, di sisi yang lain. Ini akan dianalisis menggunakan sosiologi pengetahuan Mannheim. Quraish Shihab menafsirkan auliya’tidak hanya satu makn: pemimpin, karena pada dasarnya kata tersebut berasal dari makna dekat. Sehingga ia, dalam Al-Maidah ayat 51 ini, kemudian memunculkan makna pendukung, pembela, pelindung, yang mencintai dan lebih utama: yang kesemuanya merujuk dan memiliki afiliasi makna kedekatan. Sehingga bisa disimpulkan dalam penutup ini bila Quraihs Shihab secara ekstrinsik tidak menyetujui pemimpin sebagai satu-satunya arti dalam ayat yang bersangkutan. Berbeda dengan Quraish Shihab, Bachtiar Nasir justru memaknai auliya’ sebagai pemimpin. Pemaknaan ini dilandasi oleh asbab al-nuzul yang ia jelaskan dalam Tadabbur al-Qur’an, bahwa kesejarahan dalam ayat ini memiliki preseden kepemimpinan.
Persistent neonatal diabetes mellitus and primary congenital hypothyroidism : a hitherto unknown association
No full textWe describe a -1-year-old boy who has persistent
neonatal insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with a
documented decrease in endogenous insulin Secretory capacity.
He also has aihyrcoiic primary Congenital hypothyroid
ism. To our knowledge such an association ha* never been
reported before. A brief review of the literature on the subject
is presented.Corresponding Author:
Prof. Nasir Abdallah Mohammad Al-Jurayyan
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 Riyadh-11461, Saudi Arabia.
Email: [email protected]
Design optimization of a mini hydro generator / Ashraf Khan Nasir Khan
No full textElectricity is an important resource for human needs. Unfortunately, the process of generating electricity mostly produces negative impact such as pollutions to the environment. For this reason, this project is to create a product that can generate electricity in a greener manner. The overall objective of this project is to create a system and device that could generate electricity for household use by utilizing renewable resources. As for this thesis, the author shall focus more on the application performance techniques to optimize the result of the basic design. The basic device consists of a pipe, a turbine propeller, a shaft and a dynamo. The design has been developed by CAD using CATIA software and fabricated using several equipments and technologies such as a Rapid Prototyping (RP) machine. In order to optimize the product output, several factors have been considered. The focus shall be more on variations of the design. Various characteristics including different number of blades and phase angle and various nozzle shapes were employed to improve and maximize the performance output rate of the product at vertical axis operating condition. Several experimental testing have been carried out and as a result, the performance output shows 50% improvement compared to the initial condition. In future, more activities can be considered to obtain greater performance towards the product
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