1,721,040 research outputs found
Quelques conditions pour vulgariser la science à des enfants
No full textWhich conditions for science to reach children's minds? - Most books popularizing sciences are achieved a priori, i.e. considered by the authors through the particular conception they have of their readers and their way of understanding. This paper presents some instances of disfunction ensuing from this, as to comprehension and learning level, and proposes a diagnosis instrument for the conception of books as well as a pragmatic research methodology.Sauf rares exceptions, la plupart des livres ou articles de vulgarisation des sciences — il en est de même pour les livres scolaires d'ailleurs — sont réalisés a priori. En d'autres termes, les auteurs envisagent leur texte et leurs éléments de transposition (schémas, images, modèles, etc..) à travers une certaine idée qu'ils se font de leurs lecteurs et de leurs façons de comprendre, sans compter l'idée qu'ils se font de la science- Cet article souhaite mettre en évidence un certain nombre de dysfonctionnements qui en résultent tant sur le plan de la compréhension que sur celui de l'apprentissage (notamment en ce qui concerne l'évolution des conceptions des apprenants par rapport au champ de connaissance en jeu).
Il propose dès lors un outil de diagnostic pour la conception des livres ainsi qu'une méthodologie pragmatique de recherche.Giordan André, Raichvarg Daniel. Quelques conditions pour vulgariser la science à des enfants. In: Revue française de pédagogie, volume 76, 1986. pp. 57-67
-¿Las ciencias? -Eso es en la calle Paul Bert, ciudadano..
No full textLa historia esta llena de enseñanzas.Daniel Raichvarg resucita los entusiasmos y las ilusiones del siglo XIX, donde las relaciones complejas, se cruzan ciencia e ignorancia, vulgarización y tecnología, política y laboratorio.Evoca así las figuras contradictorias de Víctor Meunier, Émile Giffard,Mme.Fouillée y Paul Bert.Entre la libertad de la investigación y las exigencias de la moral, la odiosa experimentación sobre el hombre y la curiosidad científica, Bert da, en 1884, un trágica voz de alarma
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
La Vulgarización de las Ciencias, Espacio de Crítica del Cientificismo
No full textSciences vulgarization like a cultural practice does not escape to the risks which all public sciences presentation can incur, is formal or informal. One of these risks is to continue feeding an science idea like separate speech, separated of the society or at least located over the debates public and on the ordinary cultural production. The author shows, by means of several examples, how all kind of scientific practices vulgarization can serve like critic modern scenes and contemporary myths as science. It in particular examines some of the modern figures Scientificism in the thought short circuits that form when science happens current cultural practice from the productions and artistic and cultural objects, even most trivial.La vulgarización de las ciencias como práctica cultural no escapa a los riesgos en que puede incurrir toda presentación públicade las ciencias, sea formal o informal. Uno de estos riesgos es el de seguir alimentando una idea de la ciencia como discurso aparte, separado de la sociedad o al menos situado por encima de los debates públicos y de la producción cultural ordinaria. El autor muestra, mediante varios ejemplos, cómo las prácticas de vulgarización científica de todo tipo pueden servir como escenarios de crítica de los mitos modernos y contemporáneos de la ciencia. Examina en particular algunas de las figuras del cientificismo moderno en los cortocircuitos de pensamiento que se forman cuando la ciencia deviene práctica cultural corriente a partir de las producciones y objetos artísticos y culturales, incluso los más triviales
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
La Vulgarización de las Ciencias, Espacio de Crítica del Cientificismo
Get PDFSciences vulgarization like a cultural practice does not escape to the risks which all public sciences presentation can incur, is formal or informal. One of these risks is to continue feeding an science idea like separate speech, separated of the society or at least located over the debates public and on the ordinary cultural production. The author shows, by means of several examples, how all kind of scientific practices vulgarization can serve like critic modern scenes and contemporary myths as science. It in particular examines some of the modern figures Scientificism in the thought short circuits that form when science happens current cultural practice from the productions and artistic and cultural objects, even most trivial
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