323 research outputs found
Factors of carry trade return: Yen currency against Australian dollar/ Muhammad Farid Rahman
No full textCarry trade is a one of startegy that is popular in the currency market used by the traders and investors to obtain a higher profit by borrowing in a low interest rate currency and later investing it in a high interest rate currency whereas the profit can be obtained from the interest differential if the exchange rate between those two currencies does not change. The currency pairs or the exchange rate that is popular in the game is Australian dollar/Japanese yen and New Zealand dollar/Japanese yen because these two has a larger spreads of interest rate. Which currency offers a high interest rates and which one offers low interest rate is the first step of the carry trade strategy. Many studies before had conducted by previous researchers on factors that could affects the possible positive and negative affect on carry trade return. Qualitative methods and econometric model are used to provide the evidence of this the relationship behind dependent variable and independent variables. The carry trade return will be the dependent variables. The carry trade return will be the dependent variable and independent variables. The carry trade return will be the independent variables. This study will be using the time series data for 6 years starting from January 2012 until December 2017 as a sample. All sample will be tested using Unit Root Test, Regression Analysis, Descriptive Analysis, Correlation Analysis, and Heteroskedasticity test. Eviews 10 will be used to interpret the data from to do the test
From Modernism to Neo-Modernism: A Religio-Political Context of Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman
No full textMuhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman are among the influential Muslim scholars after the Medieval era of the eighteenth to twentieth century. Their characteristics of thought are often titled Muhammad Abduh as a Modernist and Fazlur Rahman as a Neo-Modernist. Their ideas became significant since they influenced several contemporary Muslim scholars in the Muslim world, such as Rashid Rida, Qasim Amin, Amina Wadud, Farid Esack, Nurkholis Majid, etc. This study examines the religiopolitical context of Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman in constructing their thoughts - the so-called - Modernism and Neo Modernism, followed by the comparison of both ideas. Through a comparative analysis of both scholars’ thoughts, this paper ends with some results that the Ideas of modernism and neo-modernism brought by Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman are very relevant to his religiopolitical context and in accordance with the needs of the people of that time. Modernism of the 19th century offered about being responsive to Western progress and sticking to tradition, while neo-modernism presented the response in a more systematic and methodic.  
From Rabi'a to Ibn al-Farid : towards some paradigms of the Sufi conception of love
No full textThis thesis aims to investigate the significance of Divine Love in the Islamic tradition with reference to Sufis who used the medium of Arabic to communicate their ideas. Divine Love means the mutual love between God and man. It is
commonly accepted that the Sufis were the forerunners in writing about Divine Love. However, there is a relative paucity of literature regarding the details of their conceptions of Love. Therefore, this attempt can be considered as one of the first of its kind in this field.
The first chapter will attempt to define the nature of love from various perspectives, such as, psychology, Islamic philosophy and theology. The roots of Divine Love in relation to human love will be explored in the context of the ideas that were prevalent amongst the Sufi authors regarded as authorities; for example, al-Qushayri, al-Hujwiri and al-Kalabadhi.
The second chapter investigates the origins Of Sufism with a view to establishing the role that Divine Love played in this. The etymological derivations of the term Sufi will be referred to as well as some early Sufi writings.
It is an undeniable fact that the Qur'an and tladith are the bedrocks of the Islamic religion, and all Muslims seek to justify their ideas with reference to them. This
was especially true for the Sufis. The third and fourth chapters will, therefore, focus on the concept of Divine Love in the textual sources of Islam in order to
determine the role that these played in the development of the Sufi conceptions of love in general.
Having highlighted the origins and general context of Divine Love, the following five chapters will focus on selected Sufis whose contributions can be regarded
as significant, original and representative of the Sufi tradition. The exclusive characteristics of each Sufi's concept of love will be analysed and an attempt will be made to present them as a paradigm of Sufi love. The paradigms of love of the following Sufis will be presented: Rabi`a, al-I-Jallaj, al-Ghazäli, Ibn 'Arabi and Ibn al-F5ricl. The concluding chapter will provide a synthesis of these paradigms of love by putting forward a framework which identifies the key stages in the development of the Sufi paradigm of love.
Regarding the scope and limitations of this study, it should not be seen as a historical or biographical research. The historical analysis and information are
presented merely to give some insight into the social and historical context of the Sufi's time. The primary aim of this research is to establish the different paradigms of love of the Sufis referred to above, by analysing the exclusive motives specific to each paradigm.
Finally, this research is by no means a comprehensive account of the Sufi paradigms of love. The development of the thesis showed that this research can be approached from many different angles. For example, the concept of love is
closely associated with the concept of ma`rifia, and the concept of God. The relationship of the two with the concept of love is a possible area of further research. In addition, the historical information available on each individual Sufi provides ample material for a detailed study of the concept of love in that particular Sufis paradigm. This work provides a general framework for further
studies
Hermeneutika Praksis Liberatif Farid Esack
No full textThe history of prophecy in general and the existence of Prophet Mohammad in particular are the evidence of the important role of Islam as religion of liberation. It means that Islam intends to pose human position into precise site, the caliphate. Muhammad Iqbal states this position as co-cretio of God. Furthermore, revelation of the Quran, according to Farid Esack, is progressive revelation. Quran is a scripture of liberation. Even though, this spirit is often arrested in the interpretations of Quran. These interpretations are often constructed only for the interest of power or the pursuit of elite. Therefore, spirit of Quranic liberation misses its strength and vitality. At this point, Farid Esack gives his attention and his intellectual concern. The weakness of Quranic interpretation inspires Farid Esack to formulate methodology of Quranic interpretation. Esack named this methodology as “liberative hermeneuticsâ€. Esack focuses to humanize human, based on (criticizing) power system and structure of South Africa. Farid Esack gives a strong foothold to his hermeneutic theory on theological system. The choice built by him is very precise. Esack’s excess compared to other intellectual such as Arkoun and Fazlur Rahman is that Esack involves in the act of liberation and the intensity of the dialectic in the field with people of other faiths and ethnic groups and race
Hermeneutika Praksis Liberatif Farid Esack
No full textThe history of prophecy in general and the existence of Prophet Mohammad in particular are the evidence of the important role of Islam as religion of liberation. It means that Islam intends to pose human position into precise site, the caliphate. Muhammad Iqbal states this position as co-cretio of God. Furthermore, revelation of the Quran, according to Farid Esack, is progressive revelation. Quran is a scripture of liberation. Even though, this spirit is often arrested in the interpretations of Quran. These interpretations are often constructed only for the interest of power or the pursuit of elite. Therefore, spirit of Quranic liberation misses its strength and vitality. At this point, Farid Esack gives his attention and his intellectual concern. The weakness of Quranic interpretation inspires Farid Esack to formulate methodology of Quranic interpretation. Esack named this methodology as “liberative hermeneutics”. Esack focuses to humanize human, based on (criticizing) power system and structure of South Africa. Farid Esack gives a strong foothold to his hermeneutic theory on theological system. The choice built by him is very precise. Esack’s excess compared to other intellectual such as Arkoun and Fazlur Rahman is that Esack involves in the act of liberation and the intensity of the dialectic in the field with people of other faiths and ethnic groups and race
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
The effectiveness of internet marketing towards real estate in Malaysia / Muhammad Farid Omardin
No full textInternet is a must have marketing tool used by most companies to market their business. Nowadays internet marketing is widely used in real estate sector. Some Real Estate Firms, Developers and Auctioneers take this idea seriously and belief internet marketing is one of the essential tool towards bring their products into the market. Some of real estate player took a step ahead by creating its own website in order to enhance the marketability of their product (project). In this research the author will measure the effectiveness of internet marketing to real estate scene in Malaysia. Besides the author will observe the effects that internet marketing brings towards real estate scene as a whole. In addition the author also will determine the essential elements in development of particular marketing in real estate sector. Conclusion of this study which will be based on the results and findings will be presented in the end of this paper
The Quran and Muslim Minority Scholar’s Perspective: A Comparative Study of Abdullah Saeed and Farid Esack
No full textThis article discusses an alternative perspective in understanding the content of the Qur’an i.e., the perspective of minority Muslim scholars. The object of this study is the thought of tafsir Abdullah Saeed and Farid Esack who are positioned as Muslim scholars of Western institutions living as a minority, how their views of the Qur’an and how they develop interpretive methodologies according to the context of the environment in which they live. This article shows that the construction of the thought of Abdullah Saeed and Farid Esack positioned as minority scholars can represent its own contemporary model of interpretation. Abdullah Saeed with the idea of contextual interpretation laid out three bases of interpretive methodology: hierarchical values, contextual meaning, and systematic contextual interpretation. The three bases of the methodology are used to see the extent to which verses on ethical law can be understood and practiced in contemporary contexts while remaining grounded in the substance of the values carried when they are derived. While Farid Esack with his idea of liberative exegesis tried to break conservatism in South Africa with three methodological foundations: progressive revelation, reception hermeneutics, and the liberation theology of the Qur’an. The foundation of this methodology was used as a basis for value and legitimacy in supporting the agenda of popular solidarity between Muslims and non-Muslims in South Africa to overthrow the apartheid regime
A new methodological approach to Islamic theology: with special reference to Muhammad Farid Wajdi
No full textIslamic theology had undergone through several phases of development starting from the classical period of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) until late 19th and 20th centuries. Under the impact of rationalism and scientific development, the discussion of intellectual issues refected on the importance of scientific, analytical, and rational argumentations. Therefore, Muslims have been posing a new challenge to the study of theology. Numbeers Muslim modernists had raised their intellectual response to interpret Islamic thought in the light of modern knowledge. In their opinion, the task of reinterpretation is necessary to make Islam releavnt and sensitive to the changing circumstances. This phenomenon is referred to the efforts of renewal of ilm al kalam as a means of advancing a modern theological agenda. It is at this juncture, the author tries to expose the approach of Muhammad Farid Wajdi (d 1954), an Egyptian modernist who felt the need for a pardigm shfit in disseminating the message of Islam. His emphasis was that scientific discoveries and rational truths were not in conflict with Islam, thus, tying to fond points of agreement between religion and science. Such a methodology may be able to provide an alternative to the classical method used in theology. In this regard, this paper aims at exploring how Wajdi viewed the scientific and rational methdological in his attitude to theological matters, and how far had he being influenced by the Western rationalsm
TAFSIR AYAT-AYAT PLURALISME AGAMA PERSPEKTIF HUSEIN MUHAMMAD
No full textThis paper aims to show Husein Muhammad's interpretation on verses related to religious pluralism. To achieve that purpose, the author uses the hermeneutic method of liberation by Farid Esack which wants to show the relationship between the text of the Qur’an and the context of the relationship between religious believers, which will then build justice based on human values. The key to Farid Esack's hermeneutics relates to piety, monotheism, relationships between humans, the oppressed, justice and concrete practices as a form of struggle (jihad) to humanize humans. The conclusion of this paper shows that Husein Muhammad has a very tolerant, wise and full of wisdom in conveying the meaning of religious pluralism verses. He believes that the messages in the Qur’an act as a guide to uphold human values. So that, the verse of religious pluralism requires for an equal position of religious people as God's creatures. There is no justification for certain religious communities which is the most right or which is clearly wrong.Keywords: Religious Pluralism, Husein Muhammad. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan penafsiran Husein Muhammad atas ayat-ayat yang terkait dengan tema pluralisme agama. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode hermeneutika pembebasan Farid Esack yang ingin memperlihatkan relasi antara teks Alquran dengan konteks hubungan antarumat beragama, yang kemudian akan membangun keadilan berdasarkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Kunci hermeneutika Farid Esack berkaitan dengan takwa, tauhid, hubungan antarsesama manusia, golongan yang tertindas, keadilan serta praktik konkret sebagai bentuk perjuangan (jihad) memanusiakan manusia. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa Husein Muhammad memiliki pandangan yang amat toleran, bijak dan penuh hikmah dalam menyampaikan makna atas ayat-ayat pluralisme agama. Ia meyakini bahwa pesan-pesan dalam Alquran berperan sebagai pembawa petunjuk untuk menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Sehingga, ayat pluralisme agama menghendaki adanya kesamaan kedudukan umat beragama sebagai makhluk Tuhan. Tidak ada justifikasi atas umat agama tertentu yang paling benar atau yang jelas salah.Kata Kunci: Pluralisme agama, Husein Muhammad
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