16,993 research outputs found
A critical analysis of Christian responses to Islamic claims about the work of the Prophet Muhammad, ‘the Messenger of God’.
No full textThe aims of this study are to analyse critically the different Christian responses to the Islamic understanding of the work of Muhammad. Chapter one consists a short introduction leading to an appraisal of Muhammad which incorporates historical, hagiographal and Quranic source material, and in the light of relevant Christian and Muslim scholarship. The second chapter presents a summary critical analysis of Muhammad in Christian theological perspective, from 661 A.D. to modern times. Chapter three presents a critique of Christian responses to the Muslim allegations that the text of the Bible has been infected with corruption; and that Muhammad's advent and status are foretold in the unadulterated' scriptures, and in the Gospel of Barnabas. Chapter four examines the theological significance of the work of Muhammad for Christians. Thus, Jesus and Muhammad are critically assessed and contrasted in order to ascertain the importance, for Christians, of the Muslim claims in respect of Muhammad as ’the messenger of God’. Chapter five provides a critical evaluation of the various Christian responses to Muhammad. It is argued that many of the said responses have been entangled in myths and misperceptions which have severely distorted the true account of Muhammad's work. Consequently, many Christians have failed to appreciate the divine legitimacy of Muhammad's call to prophethood. Further, it is argued that Christians should accept that Muhammad is a genuine prophet, and the messenger of God. However, Muhammad's use of the power-structure in order to maintain Islam is in sharp contrast to Jesus’ decision to face the consequences of his ministry passively through faith in God. Accordingly, orthodox Christian belief in the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus provides another dimension to prophethood, where the messenger and the message become one, an identification which finds no parallel in Islam, and which, in the nature of the case, cannot find a parallel
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
The Complete Muhammad Ali
No full textIncluding material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "The Thrilla' In Manila" brought the Philippines into the 20th century. Fans of Muhammad Ali, boxing fans, and those interested in modern African American history and the Nation of Islam will be fascinated by this biography by an accomplished American author.Intro -- DEDICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- The Curious History of an Icon -- CHAPTER 1 -- CHAPTER 2 -- CHAPTER 3 -- CHAPTER 4 -- CHAPTER 5 -- CHAPTER 6 -- CHAPTER 7 -- Did the Secret Government Fear a U.S. Muslim/Overseas Muslim Alliance? -- CHAPTER 8 -- CHAPTER 9 -- The Break Between the Prophet and his Disciple -- CHAPTER 10 -- CHAPTER 11 -- CHAPTER 12 -- The GOAT (Greatest Of All Time): Ali or Louis? -- CHAPTER 13 -- The Nation of Islam, the Mob, Showdowns in Canada and Sonny Liston -- CHAPTER 14 -- CHAPTER 15 -- The Taunts: Marketing or Racism? -- CHAPTER 16 -- CHAPTER 17 -- CHAPTER 18 -- CHAPTER 19 -- Boxing and the Brain -- CHAPTER 20 -- Ali's Feet -- CHAPTER 21 -- Mr. Dick -- CHAPTER 22 -- CHAPTER 23 -- The Opening Ceremonies, November 2005 -- CHAPTER 24 -- December 2005, Las Vegas -- CHAPTER 25 -- CHAPTER 26 -- June 16, 2004 -- CHAPTER 27 -- CHAPTER 28 -- CHAPTER 29 -- Aix-en-Provence -- CHAPTER 30 -- Ali as a Black Nationalist -- San Francisco, January 2004 Black Liberation Book Fair -- CHAPTER 31 -- January 31, 2004 -- CHAPTER 32 -- October 2005, Chicago -- CHAPTER 33 -- Why Ali remained with Elijah instead of following Malcolm -- CHAPTER 34 -- CHAPTER 35 -- February 4, 2006, Oakland, California -- CHAPTER 36 -- Like Zeus Descending from Mount Olympus -- CHAPTER 37 -- CHAPTER 38 -- Tuesday, February 28, 2006, New York -- CHAPTER 39 -- Bigger Than Boxing -- CHAPTER 40 -- Tribes Gallery, New York, April 2006 -- CHAPTER 41 -- June 2006, Louisville, Kentucky -- CHAPTER 42 -- CHAPTER 43 -- CHAPTER 45 -- Bad Company -- CHAPTER 46 -- Coxson, A Very Charming Rogue -- CHAPTER 47 -- Ali and the largest embezzlement scheme in Wells Fargo history -- CHAPTER 48 -- CHAPTER 49 -- "Lonnie is a stabilizing force."-Harry Belafonte -- October 29, 2006 -- CHAPTER 50 -- Abdul Rahman -- CHAPTER 51 -- CHAPTER 52 -- CHAPTER 53How Will Ali Be Remembered? New York, January 8, 2005 -- CHAPTER 54 -- CONCLUSION -- AFTERWORD -- Boxers' Rights? -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- MUHAMMAD ALI -- ISLAM AND NATION OF ISLAM -- BOXING -- RELATED SUBJECTS -- ALSO AVAILABLE FROM BARAKA BOOKSIncluding material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "The Thrilla' In Manila" brought the Philippines into the 20th century. Fans of Muhammad Ali, boxing fans, and those interested in modern African American history and the Nation of Islam will be fascinated by this biography by an accomplished American author.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): mercy and leadership for a unified society
No full textslam is a comprehensive way of life that encompasses all aspects of human existence. It provides guidance in personal, social, legal, economic, political, educational, and other areas, enabling humans to attain hasanah (well-being) in this world and the hereafter.
This holistic approach is beautifully captured in the concept of Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin (mercy to all creation), which serves as the foundational purpose of the Prophethood of Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), as reflected in the Qur'an: And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds. (Al-Anbiya 21:107) and further stated:
“There has certainly come to you a Messenger from among yourselves. Grievous to him is what you suffer; [he is] concerned over you and to the believers is kind and merciful” (At-Tawbah: 128).
In these two verses, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is described as Allah's Messenger who brings forth Islam—a complete way of life that serves as Rahmah or mercy to all of creation
Hadaéq al-Menara
No full textThe Menara Gardens in Marrakech date back to the Almohad Dynasty that ruled Morocco most of North Africa and Spain from around 1130 to the beginning of the 13th century. The Marinid and Sa'di Dynasties both left their mark on the garden. The garden is composed largely of olive, cypress and fruit trees. It is watered by Sahrij al-Menara, a large reservoir that collects water from the surrounding mountains via channels build by the Almoravid Caliph 'Ali bin Yusuf (reg. 1107-1142).
At the edge of the reservoir sits the two-story Maa'lamat al-Menara, literally the Menara Landmark but known in English as the Menara Pavilion. It and the reservoir are among the most photographed attractions in Morocco. A pavilion was originally built by the Sa'di rulers, but the current structure was built by Moulay Muhammad bin 'Abd al-Rahman (reg. 1859-1873) in 1869.general view, reservoir and pavilion seen from northwestern corner of the pool, 199
From Modernism to Neo-Modernism: A Religio-Political Context of Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman
No full textMuhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman are among the influential Muslim scholars after the Medieval era of the eighteenth to twentieth century. Their characteristics of thought are often titled Muhammad Abduh as a Modernist and Fazlur Rahman as a Neo-Modernist. Their ideas became significant since they influenced several contemporary Muslim scholars in the Muslim world, such as Rashid Rida, Qasim Amin, Amina Wadud, Farid Esack, Nurkholis Majid, etc. This study examines the religiopolitical context of Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman in constructing their thoughts - the so-called - Modernism and Neo Modernism, followed by the comparison of both ideas. Through a comparative analysis of both scholars’ thoughts, this paper ends with some results that the Ideas of modernism and neo-modernism brought by Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman are very relevant to his religiopolitical context and in accordance with the needs of the people of that time. Modernism of the 19th century offered about being responsive to Western progress and sticking to tradition, while neo-modernism presented the response in a more systematic and methodic.  
Monetary thought of the sixteenth century muslim scholars
No full textMuslim scholars of the sixteenth century continued the tradition of writing on economic issues. Their work, however is characterized by the period's overall feature of imitation and repetition and thus reflects hardly any advancement of monetary thought since the works of earlier Muslim scholars. This is clearly reflected in the two representative treatises on money: those of al-Suyuti (d. 1506) written at the beginning of the century, and al-Tumurtashi (d. 1598), written at its the end. History of Islamic economic thought is a well-researched area of Islamic Economics. To the best of our knowledge, however, all such research stopped at the end of the fifteenth century – the age of Ibn Khaldun and al-Maqrizi. The present paper seeks to advance this research and intends to investigate monetary thought of Muslim scholars during the sixteenth century (corresponding to tenth century Hijrah, exactly from 906 AH to 1009 AH). Beginning with an overview of earlier monetary thought in Islam to provide background information, then it goes on to note that particular century's monetary problems in order to provide a perspective for the discussion of monetary thought among Muslim scholars. For the purpose of comparison, European monetary thought of the same period is also analyzed.Monetary thought; Quantity theory of money;Sixteenth century Monetary Thought; al-Suyuti; al-Tumurtashi.
Control of Transonic Shock Wave Oscillation over a Supercritical Airfoil
No full textIn the present study, a numerical investigation is carried out on the aerodynamic performance of a
supercritical airfoil RAE 2822. Transonic flow fields are considered where self-excited shock wave
oscillation prevails. To control the shock oscillation, a passive technique in the form of an open
rectangular cavity is introduced on the upper surface of the airfoil where the shock wave oscillates.
Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations have been used to predict the aerodynamic
behavior of the baseline airfoil and airfoil with cavity at Mach number of 0.729 and at angle of attack
of 5˚. The aerodynamic characteristics of the baseline airfoil are well validated with the
available experimental data. It is observed that the introduction of a cavity around the airfoil upper
surface can completely stop the self-excited shock wave oscillation and successively improve
the aerodynamic characteristics
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
Control of Transonic Shock Wave Oscillation over a Supercritical Airfoil
No full textIn the present study, a numerical investigation is carried out on the aerodynamic performance of a
supercritical airfoil RAE 2822. Transonic flow fields are considered where self-excited shock wave
oscillation prevails. To control the shock oscillation, a passive technique in the form of an open
rectangular cavity is introduced on the upper surface of the airfoil where the shock wave oscillates.
Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations have been used to predict the aerodynamic
behavior of the baseline airfoil and airfoil with cavity at Mach number of 0.729 and at angle of attack
of 5˚. The aerodynamic characteristics of the baseline airfoil are well validated with the
available experimental data. It is observed that the introduction of a cavity around the airfoil upper
surface can completely stop the self-excited shock wave oscillation and successively improve
the aerodynamic characteristics
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