1,720,962 research outputs found
China’s Foreign Policy towards Bangladesh and Pakistan: In the Context of Geo-strategic Issues (Early 21st Century)
Full text link Geo-strategy is a geopolitical branch of foreign policy that is largely influenced by geographical variables in terms of warning, limiting, or influencing political and military preparation. The term geo-economics has been used in recent years to describe the perceived superiority of economics in interstate affairs over politics. The key purpose of this research is to concentrate on the geostrategic and economic value of the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, and the Persian Gulf, where there is a great interest in China. In addition, the study found that the Bay of Bengal, southeast Bangladesh-Pakistan, the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf and Port of Gwadar are of considerable significance to China for trade and investment purposes, as well as for exports and imports. The study attempted to examine the ongoing development of China-Bangladesh-Pakistan relations in the diplomatic, military, and economic spheres. These trends have had a significant effect on South Asia in general and on the relations between China and Bangladesh and Pakistan in particular. China-Bangladesh-Pakistan relations have developed in the diplomatic, military, and economic realms in the early 21st century. This analysis was carried out on the basis of secondary sources. The study argues that the Bay of Bengal is an important region for China because of its easy access to the Indian Ocean, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Pakistan is situated at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, lying astride China, South Asia, Central Asia, and West Asia, and has the potential to become a crossroads for trade, transportation, and oil.
Keywords: China, Foreign Policy, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bay of Bengal, Geostrategic, Indian Ocean, Geo-economic, Port of Gwadar, Persian Gul
Enhancing sustainable development of diverse agriculture in Bangladesh
Full text linkGovernment of JapanTable of Contents Page List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... xi List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... xiii Foreword .................................................................................................................................. xv Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. xvii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ xix 1. Introduction 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Policy reforms .................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives of the study ...................................................................................... 4 1.4 Scope of the study .............................................................................................. 4 2. Methodology 2.1 Survey and analytical methods .......................................................................... 5 2.2 Formation of study team .................................................................................... 7 3. Socio-economic Profiles 3.1 Historical background ........................................................................................ 9 3.2 Area, location and population ............................................................................ 9 3.3 Climate and topography ..................................................................................... 9 3.4 Structure of economy ......................................................................................... 10 3.5 Land distribution, income and inequality .......................................................... 12 3.6 Unemployment ................................................................................................... 13 3.7 Incidence of poverty .......................................................................................... 14 3.8 Concern for the environment ............................................................................. 15 3.9 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 15 4. Status of CGPRT Crops 4.1 Coarse grains ..................................................................................................... 17 4.2 Pulses ................................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Tubers ................................................................................................................ 19 4.4 Livestock population ......................................................................................... 19 4.5 Fodder production .............................................................................................. 21 4.6 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 21 5. Diversification of Agriculture 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 23 5.2 Simpson Index of diversification ....................................................................... 23 5.3 Diversification of consumption ......................................................................... 25 5.4 Crop diversification project ............................................................................... 26 5.5 Public policies on diversification ....................................................................... 27 5.6 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 27
vi6. Yield, Profitability and Comparative Advantage 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 29 6.2 Yield .................................................................................................................. 29 6.3 Financial and economic returns ......................................................................... 30 6.4 Financial incentives ........................................................................................... 30 6.5 Comparative advantage ...................................................................................... 31 6.5.1 DRC for rice and wheat ....................................................................... 32 6.5.2 Sensitivity analysis .............................................................................. 33 6.5.3 Alternative approach for estimating DRC ........................................... 33 6.6 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 34 7. Marketing of CGPRT Crops 7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 35 7.2 Marketing cost and margin ................................................................................ 35 7.3 Seasonal price difference ................................................................................... 37 7.4 Price difference by location ............................................................................... 37 7.5 Storage-cum-credit ............................................................................................. 37 7.6 Price commission ............................................................................................... 38 7.7 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 38 8. Policy Environment for CGPRT Crops 8.1 Trade liberalization and CGPRT crops .............................................................. 39 8.1.1 Objective ............................................................................................. 39 8.1.2 Commitments ....................................................................................... 39 8.1.3 Market access ...................................................................................... 39 8.1.4 Domestic support ................................................................................. 40 8.1.5 Export subsidies .................................................................................. 41 8.1.6 Impact .................................................................................................. 41 8.2 Food self-sufficiency and CGPRT crops ........................................................... 43 8.3 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 44 9. Agriculture Diversification and Poverty Alleviation 9.1 Overview of poverty alleviation public policies ................................................ 45 9.2 Potential benefits of agricultural diversification for poverty alleviation ........... 45 9.3 Redirection of public policies relating to poverty alleviation ............................ 46 9.4 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 47 10. Demand for CGPRT Crops and their Industrial Importance 10.1 Farmers perception of demand ........................................................................... 49 10.2 Income elasticities of demand for CGPRT crops ............................................... 49 10.3 Potential for agro-processing ............................................................................. 50 10.4 Scope of processing ........................................................................................... 51 10.4.1 Maize ................................................................................................... 51 10.4.2 Millets .................................................................................................. 51 10.4.3 Pulses ................................................................................................... 51 10.4.4 Tubers .................................................................................................. 51 10.4.5 Other crops .......................................................................................... 52 10.5 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 52
vii11. Potential Scope for Diversified Agriculture 11.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 53 11.2 Driving forces for diversification ...................................................................... 53 11.3 Constraining forces for diversification .............................................................. 54 11.4 Concluding summary ......................................................................................... 55 12. Towards the Development of Sustainable Diversified Agriculture for Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: A Search for Effective Policy ........................... 57 13. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................... 61 14. References ............................................................................................................................... 65 Appendices Appendix A. Tables ..................................................................................................................... 69 Appendix B. Basis of Calculation for Requirements and Availability of Livestock Feed ............. 79 Appendix C. Description of Areas Surveyed ................................................................................... 8
Exploring the potential and performance of maize production in Bangladesh
Full text linkMaize is gaining importance in recent years as a promising crop aimed at boosting agricultural growth in Bangladesh. The present study explores the potential of maize expansion by examining its profitability and economic efficiency using a survey data of 300 farmers from three regions. Maize ranks first in terms of yield (7.98 t/ha) and return (BCR=1.63) as compared with rice and wheat. The economic efficiency of maize production is also estimated at a high 87%, although a substantial 15% [(100-87)/87)] cost reduction is still possible while maintaining current output level by eliminating technical and allocative inefficiency. Education positively contributes towards increasing efficiency while large farmers are relatively inefficient. Geography does matter. Efficiency is lower in Bogra region as compared with Dinajpur and Kushtia. Policy implications include investment in education, setting up appropriate price policies to stabilise prices and facilitation of the input markets for timely delivery of required inputs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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