136,474 research outputs found
Environmental toxicity, redox signaling and lung inflammation:the role of glutathione
No full textGlutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant thiol and is central to redox defense during oxidative stress. GSH metabolism is tightly regulated and has been implicated in redox signaling and also in protection against environmental oxidant-mediated injury. Changes in the ratio of the reduced and disulfide form (GSH/GSSG) can affect signaling pathways that participate in a broad array of physiological responses from cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis to gene expression that involve H(2)O(2) as a second messenger. Oxidative stress due to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and also due to environmental oxidants is an important component during inflammation and respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and asthma. It is known to activate multiple stress kinase pathways and redox-sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, NF-kappaB and AP-1, which differentially regulate the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the protective antioxidant genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms for the induction of antioxidants, such as GSH, versus pro-inflammatory mediators at sites of oxidant-directed injuries may allow for the development of novel therapies which will allow pharmacological manipulation of GSH synthesis during inflammation and oxidative injury. This article features the current knowledge about the role of GSH in redox signaling, GSH biosynthesis and particularly the regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 by GSH and downstream signaling during oxidative stress and inflammation in various pulmonary diseases. We also discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials using GSH and other thiol compounds, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine, fudosteine, carbocysteine, erdosteine in environment-induced airways disease
Stata code: Additive and intersectional analyses for self-health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
No full textThis repository includes two files: (1) a secondary data file with an analytical sample, "Rahman_2022_Covid19 AnalyticalSample_StatCanadaData2020" and (2) a Stata code file, "Rahman_2022_Covid19_StataCode" .Rahman (2022) wrote Stata code to analyse a sub-sample (N=239143) of Statistics Canada’s publicly available crowdsourcing data for findings presented in a book chapter. The purpose of this chapter was to showcase the contrast between additive and intersectional approaches to examine the COVID-19 impact on intersectional groups of Canadians. See Rahman's (2022) methods section and Supplemental Figure S1 in order to learn about this analytical sample.Statistics Canada (2020a) collected crowdsourcing data online from April 3 to 23, 2020 to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Statistics Canada’s (2020a; 2020b) publicly available complete data set and their documentation can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.25318/45250003-eng.REFERENCESRahman, Laila. 2022. Concern for self-health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: How to tell an intersectional story using quantitative data? In D. Woolford, D. Kotsopoulos, and B. Samuels (Eds.), Applied Data Science: Data Translators Across the Disciplines, Springer, Interdisciplinary Applied Sciences. (Accepted for publication).Statistics Canada. (2020a, June 3). Crowdsourcing: Impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians. https://doi.org/10.25318/45250003-engStatistics Canada. (2020b). User guide for the crowdsourcing: Impacts of the COVID-19 on Canadians, public use microdata file. https://doi.org/10.25318/45250003-en
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
An Efficient Data Aggregation Algorithm for Cluster-based Sensor Network
No full textData aggregation in wireless sensor networks eliminates redundancy to improve bandwidth utilization and energy-efficiency of sensor nodes. One node, called the cluster leader, collects data from surrounding nodes and then sends the summarized information to upstream nodes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to select a cluster leader that will perform data aggregation in a partially connected sensor network. The algorithm reduces the traffic flow inside the network by adaptively selecting the shortest route for packet routing to the cluster leader. We also describe a simulation framework for functional analysis of WSN applications taking our proposed algorithm as an exampl
Synthesis, X-ray structures and characterization of copper(II)-2,2'-bipyridyl derivatives of (4-amino)-hippuric acid and of L-proline
No full textIn this paper the synthesis and the characterization of two complexes of copper and 2,2'-bipyridyl with amino acids 4-aminohippuric acid and L-proline are reported. The X-ray structure reveals for the first complex, [Cu-2(OH)(OH2)(bipy)(2)(Am-hip)](NO3)(2). 4H(2)O, dinuclear copper(II) cations with nitrate counterions and lattice water molecules. The two metal centres are linked together by a water molecule, a hydroxyl group and the carboxylic moiety of the 4-amino-hippuric acid, the remaining two positions on both metal centres are occupied by bipyridyl molecules. The second compound consists of monomeric [Cu(OH2)(bipy)(L-pro)](+) cations and perchlorate anions. Also in this case copper is five-coordinated in a distorted square pyramidal geometry with the bipyridine nitrogens, one carboxylate oxygen atom and the amino nitrogen of the L-proline ion on the basal plane
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Muḥammad ibn Abī l-Husayn un poeta originario de Jaén en la corte califal cordobesa
No full textVida y obra del poeta Muhammad Ibn Abi l-Husayn, natural de Jaén y cortesano del califa Abd al-Rahman III13 pp
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Herméneutique coranique et objectivité du sens (la critique philosophique de Fazlur Rahman dans la Turquie contemporaine)
No full textSe revendiquant d E. Betti dans le débat qu il eut avec H.-G. Gadamer, Fazlur Rahman propose une herméneutique du double mouvement afin de connaître avec certitude le sens objectif du Coran. Ainsi, l interprète, dont la démarche est historiciste, doit d abord chercher les finalités morales du texte, identifiées à l intention divine. Cette interprétation méthodologique nécessite la connaissance du contexte de la révélation, dont Rahman souligne l historicité. Puis, cette signification sera appliquée à la situation présente en dépassant le sens littéral. Or une critique philosophique d inspiration gadamérienne a été adressée à Rahman dans la Turquie contemporaine, où il lui a été reproché de ne pas tenir compte de l historicité de l interprète qui l empêche de connaître objectivement les intentions de l auteur. Il s agit moins de condamner toute interprétation à un inévitable subjectivisme que de montrer que Rahman présente sa propre subjectivité comme objective. L herméneutique philosophique s opposant à cette approche épistémologique veut donc remettre en question la prétention à la maîtrise du sens du texte qui, étant donné sa sacralité, ne saurait être assujetti à l interprète. Le Coran ne pouvant être objectivé, le lecteur doit renoncer à l idée d une unique bonne méthode, et se laisser transformer par le texte avec lequel son rapport est avant tout ontologique. Dès lors, la relation qu entretient l interprète avec les multiples lectures du Coran, passées et présentes, permet de réinvestir la créativité d une tradition d interprétations et de penser avec Paul Ricœur la possibilité d un conflit bienveillant des méthodes, incluant l approche rahmanienne elle-même.Using E. Betti s arguments in his debate with H.-G. Gadamer, Fazlur Rahman proposes a double movement hermeneutics to know with certainty the objective meaning of the Koran. Thus, the interpreter, whose approach is historicist, must, at first, look for the moral purposes of the text, identified with the divine intention. This methodological interpretation requires the knowledge of the context of the revelation, which Rahman underlines the historicity of. This significance will be applied, secondly, to the present situation by exceeding the literal meaning. However a philosophical critique inspired by Gadamer was sent to Rahman in contemporary Turkey, where he was criticised for not taking into account the historicity of the interpreter that prevents him knowing objectively the intentions of the author. The purpose of this critique is not to condemn any interpretation to an inevitable subjectivism but to show that Rahman presents his own subjectivity as objective. Philosophical hermeneutics, which opposes this epistemological approach, wants to question the claim to control the meaning of the text, which, because of its sacredness, cannot be subjected to the interpreter. As the Koran can not be objectified, the reader must renounce the idea of a single right method and let the text with which his relationship is above all ontological transform him. Therefore, the relation that maintains the interpreter with the multiples readings of the Koran, past and present, allows to reinvest the creativity of a tradition of interpretations and to think with Paul Ricœur about the possibility of a friendly conflict of the methods, including the rahmanian approach itself.PARIS3-BU (751052102) / SudocSudocFranceF
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