1,720,956 research outputs found
Pembuatan Sabun Padat Transparan Menggunakan Minyak Goreng Bekas dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Mangga (Mangifera Indica) sebagai Antibakteri
No full textResearch has been done to know how to purify cooking oil waste using 1,5% active carbon that can be applied to make transparent solid soap. This research has been done by three steps. First step is the purification process of cooking oil waste that through despicing and bleaching method, which cooking oil will be added active carbon then heated by 70oC while stirred, then peroxide number is determined for the purified oil. Second step is taking honey mango peel extract by maceration using methanol for 3x24 hours to put into rotary evaporator for 2-3 hours in 65oC temperature, then qualitative analysis for flavonoid has been done using FeCl3. Third step is making the soap by esterification reaction using NaOH 30% with the variations of oil usage are 20, 40, 60 dan 80 grams, then quality of the soap will be tested with free fatty acid, saponification number, height of foam, irritation reaction and bacterial activity. The optimum result is in 40 gram variation with free fatty acid number is 0,122%, saponification number is 200,41, height of foam is 1,75, irritation reaction is almost not occured and bacterial activity according to clear zone is 1,5.Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui cara pemurnian minyak bekas penggorengan mengunkan karbon aktif sebanyak 1,5 % yang dapat diaplikasikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan sabun padat transparan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tiga tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu proses pemurnian minyak goreng bekas yang melalui proses despicing dan bleaching dimana minyak akan ditambahkan karbon aktif kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 70 oC sambil distirer kemudian minyak hasil pemurnian akan ditentukan bilangan peroksida minyak. Tahap kedua yaitu pengambilan ekstrak kulit mangga madu dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol selama 3x24 jam yang selanjutnya akan dirotarievaporator pada suhu 65 oC selama 2 - 3 jam kemudian dilakukan analisa kualitatif flavonoid menggunakan FeCl3. Tahap ketiga yaitu pembuatan sabun dengan reaksi esterifikasi dengan menggunakan NaOH 30% pada variasi minyak yang digunakan 20, 40, 60 dan 80 gram yang selanjutnya akan diuji mutu kualitas sabun yaitu asam lemak bebas, bilangan penyabunan, tinggi busa, sifat iritasi dan aktivitas bakteri. Didapatkan hasil yang optimum pada variasi 40 gram yang memiliki jumlah asam lemak bebas 0,122 %, bilangan penyabunan 200,41, tinggi busa 1,75, sifat iritasi hampir tidak mengiritasi dan aktivitas bakteri menurut zona bening 1,5.Skripsi Sarjan
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Kemuning (Murraya paniculata L.) pada Pembuatan Masker Sheet sebagai Penghalus Wajah
No full textThe Utilization of Kemuning Leaf Extract (Murraya Paniculata L.) in Making Sheet Masks as Facial Smoothing. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity and active compounds of the extract, to determine the antibacterial, antioxidant, and active compounds of the mask preparation, and to determine the characterization of the extract sheet mask including pH, specific gravity, and organoleptic. Sheet masks were synthesized using yellow leaves from Batu Bara Regency as the active ingredient and using starch, glycerin, chitosan, and PVA as the main raw materials. Extract analysis using phytochemical test, BSLT test, and GC-MS. The analysis of the mask preparation was carried out by means of antibacterial test, antioxidant test, organoleptic, FT-IR, SEM, pH, GC-MS, tensile strength test and specific gravity. Phytochemical tests on extracts contain compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins where the most contained in the extract are flavonoids. Toxicity test on extract obtained LC50 value of 369, 828 ppm including moderate toxicity level. GC-MS data shows that extracts and mask preparations contain active compounds tecopherol and flavonoids that can function as antioxidants. Antibacterial tests and antioxidant tests showed that the active ingredients applied in face masks were able to inhibit the growth of Stapylococcus aureus bacteria (inhibition zone >20 mm) and were able to inhibit oxidation reactions through radical scavenging reactions (IC5020 mm) dan mampu menghambat reaksi oksidasi melalui reaksi radical scavenging (IC50<50 mg/L). Hasil karakterisasi sediaan masker diperoleh pH dan bobot jenis menunjukkan hasil yang sudah sesuai dengan SNI 16-6070-1999 (pH berkisar 4,5 – 8,0) dan SNI 16-4399-1966 (bobot jenis berkisar 0,95-1,05 g/mL).98 halamanTesis Magiste
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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