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Education and mental disorders : A 31-year follow-up in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort
Get PDFAbstractThe current education policy in Finland tends to result in higher levels of education, and to avoid educational failures. The aim of the present study was to determine school predictors for later severe mental disorders requiring hospital treatment, and to determine whether or not severe mental disorders or smoking are associated with educational achievement.Educational attainments were analysed in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (n = 12 058 born alive) using school performance and attained level of education. Data was collected using questionnaires as well as from national registers. Data on psychiatric morbidity was gathered from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. The case notes of all potential subjects were examined. Up to the end of 1994, a total of 387 subjects had received a DSM-III-R psychiatric diagnosis categorized as follows: schizophrenia (n = 89), other psychoses (n = 55), and non-psychotic disorders (n = 243). Smoking habits were assessed at 14 and 31 years by postal questionnaires. The association between exposure, confounding and outcome variables were analysed by cross-tabulations. Regression models were fitted and adjusted for confounding.Children not in their normal grade or not in normal school at the age of 14 years had a 2 to 8 times higher risk than those in the comparison category (with no psychiatric hospitalisation) to develop some form of mental disorders. Among adolescents with non-psychotic disorders, the means of school marks were lower than in the comparison category, but lower marks did not predict schizophrenia or other psychoses. 11% of the pre-schizophrenic boys had excellent mean school marks compared with only 3% of the comparison category (adjusted OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.6–9.3).Over half of all those with a hospital-treated mental disorder progressed beyond basic education, but few completed their tertiary education. Early schizophrenia, (i.e. onset before 22 years of age) as well as non-psychotic cases had an approximately 3- to 6- fold adjusted odds for staying in the basic level. Persons with psychoses with an onset at age 23 or later performed nearly as well as the comparison group. Adult smoking (at age 31) and prolonged smoking (at ages 14 and 31) were associated with an approximately 2- to 6- fold, adjusted odds for educational underachievement, but not smoking only at the age of 14.These results provide new information on the need for earlier therapeutic, rehabilitative and educational interventions directed at children with poor school performance as well as at mentally vulnerable and smoking young persons.Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, for public discussion in the Väinö Pääkkönen Hall of the Department of Psychiatry, on December 18th, 2000, at 12 noon.Abstract
The current education policy in Finland tends to result in higher levels of education, and to avoid educational failures. The aim of the present study was to determine school predictors for later severe mental disorders requiring hospital treatment, and to determine whether or not severe mental disorders or smoking are associated with educational achievement.
Educational attainments were analysed in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (n = 12 058 born alive) using school performance and attained level of education. Data was collected using questionnaires as well as from national registers. Data on psychiatric morbidity was gathered from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. The case notes of all potential subjects were examined. Up to the end of 1994, a total of 387 subjects had received a DSM-III-R psychiatric diagnosis categorized as follows: schizophrenia (n = 89), other psychoses (n = 55), and non-psychotic disorders (n = 243). Smoking habits were assessed at 14 and 31 years by postal questionnaires. The association between exposure, confounding and outcome variables were analysed by cross-tabulations. Regression models were fitted and adjusted for confounding.
Children not in their normal grade or not in normal school at the age of 14 years had a 2 to 8 times higher risk than those in the comparison category (with no psychiatric hospitalisation) to develop some form of mental disorders. Among adolescents with non-psychotic disorders, the means of school marks were lower than in the comparison category, but lower marks did not predict schizophrenia or other psychoses. 11% of the pre-schizophrenic boys had excellent mean school marks compared with only 3% of the comparison category (adjusted OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.6–9.3).
Over half of all those with a hospital-treated mental disorder progressed beyond basic education, but few completed their tertiary education. Early schizophrenia, (i.e. onset before 22 years of age) as well as non-psychotic cases had an approximately 3- to 6- fold adjusted odds for staying in the basic level. Persons with psychoses with an onset at age 23 or later performed nearly as well as the comparison group. Adult smoking (at age 31) and prolonged smoking (at ages 14 and 31) were associated with an approximately 2- to 6- fold, adjusted odds for educational underachievement, but not smoking only at the age of 14.
These results provide new information on the need for earlier therapeutic, rehabilitative and educational interventions directed at children with poor school performance as well as at mentally vulnerable and smoking young persons
Terveydentila ja terveyskäyttäytyminen : Sukupuoli- ja sosiaaliluokkaerot nuorissa ikäryhmissä
No full textVäitöskirja (Health status and health behaviour - gender and social class differences among young people : English summary)ei tietoa saavutettavuudesta
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Terveyden sukupuolierot
Get PDFTerveyden sukupuolierot ja yhtäläisyydet ovat olleet harvoin tutkimuksissa varsinaisena tutkimuskohteena. Tutkimuksissa on toistettu ristiriitaista tulosta miesten ja naisten kuolleisuus- ja sairastavuuseroista; miesten kuolleisuus on korkeampaa kuin naisten kuolleisuus, mutta naiset sairastavat miehiä enemmän. Terveyden sukupuolieroja on selitetty biologisilla ja käyttäytymiseen liittyvillä tekijöillä. Suomessa terveyden sukupuolierot poikkeavat muissa maissa esiintyvistä eroista: odotettavissa olevan eliniän sukupuoliero on Suomessa teollistuneiden maiden suurimpia ja sairastavuuden ero pienimpiä. Tämä asettaa haasteen terveyden sosiologiselle tutkimukselle. Tutkimuksen olisi tartuttava erityisesti terveyden sukupuolieroja ylläpitävien rakenteellisten, kulttuuristen ja sosiaalisten tekijöiden tarkasteluun
Kuluttavat kulutustavat
Get PDFKirja-arvostelu: Consuming habits - drugs in history and anthropology. Jordan Goodman, Paul E. Lovejoy, Andrew Sherrat (eds.). London, 199
Maakaapelien viat ja niiden tunnistaminen
Get PDFTämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli suunnitella ja rakentaa Tampereen Aikuiskoulutuskeskukselle kattava maakaapelien vianhakukenttä. Tavoitteena oli rakentaa monipuolinen kenttä, jossa opiskelijat voivat harjoitella vikojen tunnistamista, paikantamista ja vianhakulaitteiston käyttöä.
Vanhan maakaapelikentän kaapelit ja niissä olevat viat dokumentoitiin, ja niiden rinnalle rakennettiin uusia kaapeliyhteyksiä. Kaapeleihin rakennettiin vikoja, joita oikeastikin ilmenee, jotta mittausharjoituksista saataisiin mahdollisimman todenmukaisia. Osa kaapeleista jätettiin ehjiksi kaapeleiden tunnistamisharjoituksia varten. Ehjiin kaapeleihin voidaan myös tarvittaessa rakentaa lisää vikoja tulevaisuudessa.
Työssä käsiteltiin myös yleisimpien mittalaitteiden ominaisuuksia ja toimintaa. Mittausmenetelmät riippuvat aina käytettävissä olevasta laitteistosta. Markkinoille tulee jatkuvasti uusia mittalaitteita, mutta niiden toimintaperiaatteet ovat pysyneet samoina jo vuosikausia. Uudet laitteet helpottavat mittaustulosten käsittelyä sisäisen muistin sekä gpspaikannuksen avulla.The purpose of this thesis was to design and build a diagnostics field for underground cables for Tampere Adult Education Centre. The goal was to build a versatile field where students can practice the identification and tracing of faults and the use of cable fault locating equipment.
The cables from the old diagnostics field and the associated faults in them were documented and new cables were built alongside them. Real life faults were built into the cables to make measurements as realistic as possible. Some of the cables were left intact for cable identification exercises. More faults can be built into the intact cables in the future.
This thesis also includes the features of the most common measuring devices. The measuring methods always depend on the available equipment. New equipment is constantly entering the market, but the operating principles have remained the same for many years. New devices make handling of measurement results easier with internal memory and GPS positioning
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Miksi Suomen naiset eivät ole oppineet tupakoimaan?
Get PDFSummary: Why haven't Finnish women started to smoke?
Toisenlainen tehtaan historia
Get PDFKirja-arvostelu: Tupakkaenkelit : kertomuksia pietarsaarelaisten tupakkatyöntekijöiden elämästä. Anna-Lisa Sahlström, Otalampi, 199
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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