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Pings and Hups
No full textEtymologically unattested yet artistically long praised, there is a profound relation between life and light; next to both, the almost self-evident (and scientifically undisputed) relation between light and flow, lux and flux. Would it be correct then to understand life as an issue of perception and manipulation of flows? Surprisingly, this is a question that can only be answered by addressing death. As any lensmaker would claim (and philosophy has always had an affinity with this profession), perception is not a synthesis but an ascesis: it does not connect, it disconnects; or, better said, in order to connect, it needs to disconnect. However, following the radical empiricist dictum, one should never speak of perception alone; ever since William James, perception equals action. In other words, perception is not something that happens to us, it is something we do.5 Strange as it may seem therefore, to live one needs to practice death. This book will examine how styling life means styling death and how architecture (in the broadest possible sense) is involved in this continuous process of stylisation. To do so, architecture and perception, duration and individuation, will all converge in practising how one can die without dying in order to enunciate a life.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Theory, Territories & Transition
A Diagrammatic Cartography of Discourses on Architectures of Life and/or Death
No full textThe built environment exerts an essential effect on life. Over the past decades, it has been greatly reconceptualised through various posthuman, ecosystemic, new materialist, material-discursive approaches, which explored the socio-spatial, technological, cognitive, relational, and affective relations that material arrangements, such as architectural ones, shape. As technē, architecture is intricately intertwined not only with processes of easing and facilitating (human) life, but also the management of dynamic processes involving both living and non-living matters. In view of the latter, architecture is ‘life by means other than life’ (Stiegler), shaping living matters by means of non-living matters. The chapter respectively surveys several streams of recent theoretical discourse that developed from Deleuze and Guattari’s as well as Foucault’s thoroughgoing reframing of the agency of matter on life-constituting processes. In the aim of reconsidering and repositioning architecture as a posthuman technique of existence, this cartography charts – with the help of a central navigational diagram – these co-evolving discursive streams in their differing topical-conceptual starting points, and their various converging and bifurcating lines of thinking, in the aim to elaborate on the novel conceptions they have helped distil in the pursuit of a fuller understanding of those material-discursive practices within the relational ecologies of architecture.Accepted Author ManuscriptSituated Architectur
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Transactive building types for territories in transition. A pragmatist analysis and design methodology applied to the case of Dutch architecture between welfare state and neoliberalism
No full textDOTTORATOLa tesi riguarda il progetto di architettura in quei territori in transizione la cui indeterminazione ci spinge a riflettere tanto su quali siano le identità di abitanti di là da venire quanto su quali pretese l'architetto possa avanzare circa la possibilità di rappresentarle. Rispetto a entrambe le questioni, la tesi guarda oltre i confini disciplinari per confrontare il punto di vista del pragmatismo e dello strutturalismo e ne verifica successivamente l'operatività in termini disciplinari attraverso l'analisi di testi e progetti di esponenti delle omonime correnti architettoniche, tenendo anche conto del fatto che mentre nel caso dello strutturalismo il rapporto è stato diretto, nel caso del pragmatismo si è resa necessaria la mediazione neopragmatista e soprattutto poststrutturalista. Il focus è su casi studio olandesi degli anni '60 e degli anni 2000, perché in questi due decenni lo strutturalismo e il pragmatismo architettonici si sono confrontati con le transizioni comportate dal welfare state e dal neoliberalismo rispettivamente, e perché il fatto che nei Paesi Bassi il legame tra architetti e pubblica amministrazione sia tradizionalmente stretto rende il contesto olandese particolarmente appropriato per comprendere il rapporto tra progetto di architettura e agenda socio-economica.
La posizione che emerge dalla letteratura e dai casi studio è che nel caso di territori in transizione l'architetto debba prescindere da qualunque logica di riconoscimento tra un tipo edilizio e un utente-tipo preformati e debba piuttosto intendere questo rapporto come una transazione nel senso deweyano del termine, ovvero come un processo di determinazione reciproca tra un un ambiente e un soggetto concreti basata su una serie di operazioni situate che il secondo compie rispetto al primo. Non solo si evita il riconoscimento, ma ancor di più è talvolta necessaria un'iniziale operazione di straniamento che consenta al soggetto di sospendere i suoi assunti così da aprirsi alla nuova condizione percependola esteticamente, per poi ascendere gradualmente e in base a una indagine situata a nuove pratiche dell'abitare basate su rappresentazioni originali. La tesi si propone di definire una metodologia che possa rendere conto di questo processo in termini utili al progetto di architettura in modo da stabilire dei criteri di progettazione che offrano agli abitanti la possibilità di orientarlo con consapevole autonomia. Si parlerà allora di una appropriazione critica del progetto da parte degli abitanti che, in un una logica transattiva, è anche sempre soggettivazione critica degli abitanti da parte del progetto.
La metodologia si basa su una originale interpretazione della semiotica di Peirce in quanto ne riconosce tanto la capacità di spaziare dai segni immediati di natura estetica ai segni mediati di natura linguistica quanto quella di descrivere la formazione di questi ultimi a partire dai primi. Infatti i segni si concatenano in un processo di semiosi in cui ogni segno parte dall'interpretazione del precedente per svilupparla in una forma più astratta, così che si passa dall'estremo di un'interpretazione immediata, che è in realtà una semplice sensazione legata al modo in cui il segno si dà materialmente al soggetto qui ed ora, all'estremo opposto di un'interpretazione finale che è ormai completamente separata dal segno così da poter essere indicata autonomamente per convenzione, come nella semiotica strutturalista.
Si definisce dunque una pragmatica dell'architettura che consente di individuare alcuni criteri di progettazione già in astratto per poi verificarli direttamente sui casi studio, tanto su quelli pragmatisti che su quelli strutturalisti dal momento che la semiotica strutturalista è stata ricompresa all'interno di quella pragmatista. Alla fine, le soluzioni offerte dai casi studio sono generalizzati in tre diversi tipi edilizi transattivi.
Naturalmente, dal momento che in ogni tipo edilizio ci sono funzioni rigidamente prescritte, l'appropriazione non riguarderà l'edificio nel suo complesso, ma solo quegli spazi indeterminati che definiscono, in tutti i tipi edilizi, l'interfaccia tra le funzioni all'interno dello stesso edificio o tra l'edificio e la città, cioè spazi il cui valore emerge dall'interazione informale tra le persone in base a una serie di operazioni situate svolte criticamente, in modo che il legame tra gli abitanti e questi spazi sia così stretto da rendere il progetto tanto luogo di identificazione quanto oggetto di cura.The thesis concerns the architecture project for territories in transition of which the indeterminacy challenges both the notion of identity of inhabitants still to come and the possibility for the architect to represent them. Both issues require the thesis to cross disciplinary limits and explore the philosophical domain in order to compare the pragmatist and structuralist perspectives on the topic and later verify their disciplinary relevance through the analysis of writings and projects by exponents of the homonym architectural approaches, also considering that while in the case of structuralism the relation between disciplines was direct, in the case of pragmatism it was mediated by neopragmatism and, above all, poststructuralism. The focus is on Dutch case studies from the 1960s and the 2000s, because during these decades the architectural structuralism and pragmatism dealt with the transitions represented by the welfare state and neoliberalism respectively and because the traditionally strong bond between architects and public administration in the Netherlands makes the Dutch context particularly suitable to understand the relation between architecture project and socio-economic agenda.
The position deriving from the analysis of writings and case studies is that in the case of territories in transition the architect must disregard any logic of recognition between preordained building and user types and rather consider this relation as a transaction in the Deweyan sense of the term, i.e. a process of reciprocal determination between concrete environments and subjects based on a series of situated operations the latter perform with respect to the former. Not only recognition is prevented, but also estrangement is sometimes induced to let the subject suspend his assumptions and be receptive to the new condition by perceiving it aesthetically, so that he can later ascend by degrees and on the basis of a situated inquiry towards new dwelling practices based on original representations. The thesis aims at defining a methodology which can account for this process in architectural terms, in order to establish design criteria which allow inhabitants to orient it with conscious autonomy. This would therefore constitute a critical appropriation of the project by inhabitants that, in a transactive logic, is also a critical subjectification of inhabitants by the project.
The methodology is based on an original interpretation of Peircean semiotics inasmuch it draws upon its suitability to range from immediate signs of an aesthetic nature to mediated signs of a linguistic type as well as to describe the emergence of the latter from the former. Indeed, signs follow one another in a process of semiosis where each sign starts from the interpretation of the preceding in order to develop it into a more abstract version, so that a shift occurs between the extreme of an immediate interpretation, that actually is a simple sensation related to the way the sign materially affects the subject here and now, and the opposite extreme of a final interpretation that at this stage is completely distinct from the sign so that it can be autonomously pointed at by convention, as in a structuralist semiotics.
A pragmatics of architecture is thus defined in order to already individuate in abstract terms some design criteria to be later verified directly on case studies, both on the pragmatist and the structuralist ones given that structuralist semiotics has been comprehended inside the pragmatist one. At the end, the solutions represented by case studies are generalized into three different transactive building types.
Certainly, due to the fact that every building type hosts functions which are strictly prescribed, appropriation will not concern the building as a whole, but only those indeterminate spaces which define, in every building type, the interface between functions of the same building or between the building and the city, i.e. spaces of which the value emerges from the informal interaction among people on the basis of a series of situated operations critically performed, so that the bond between inhabitants and these spaces is so strong that the project becomes a place of identification as much as the object of one's care.DIPARTIMENTO DI ARCHITETTURA, INGEGNERIA DELLE COSTRUZIONI E AMBIENTE COSTRUITO32CAJA, MICHELE GIOVANNISCAIONI, MARC
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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