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Contribution to the study of cult of relics: One exceptional archaeological find
Full text linkPoslednja istraživanja manastira Kumanice na Limu iznedrila su neuobičajen arheološki nalaz. Prilikom iskopavanja oltarskog prostora manastirske crkve pronađeni su ostaci pokojnika sekundarno pohranjeni unutar đakonikona. Autor ukazuje na arheološke uslove ovoga nalaza, na kojima zasniva pretpostavke od značaja za tumačenje pronađenih ostataka u skladu sa različitim aspektima kultne prakse svetiteljskog prospavljanja.Ruins of Kumanica monastery are situated about 10 km to the north of Bijelo Polje at the very entrance in the Kumanica gorge. Surrounded with steep and rocky slopes of neighboring hills monastery had been constructed on the rather small plateau above the right bank of the Lim river. It has been built next to the vertical rocky cliff, partially within large rock-shelter. About the past of Kumanica there are rather meager historical data. There is no reliable testimony about the time when monastery was established. The oldest reliable information about the life in monastery dates from 1579/80. The ruins of Kumanica are extremely respected shrine that attracts believers in such great numbers that there is no similar example in the entire Lim valley. Kumanica is respected as cult place considered to be miraculous and to have healing powers. In 1999 substantial works on restoration of the monastery have started. Archaeological investigations of the churchyard and remains of other monastery buildings preceded conservation works. The excavations have been partially conducted also inside the monastery church. During the excavations in the church, skeletal remains of the dead man secondary placed in the small coffin carved of limestone have been found inside the altar area (djakonikon). This find has been on many occasions officially proclaimed as the discovery of holy relics. Author points to the archaeological context of this find along with certain observations based on the finding conditions in order to contribute to its more comprehensive interpretation
“Under the Shadow of the Dog” – A New Monograph about the Golden Horde and Its Presence in the Balkans (Book Review: Aleksandar Uzelac. Pod Senkom psa. Tatari i južnoslovenske zemlje u drugoj polovini XIII veka [Under the Shadow of the Dog. Tatars and South Slavic Lands in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century]. Belgrade, Utopija Publ., 2015. 324 p.+ 12 p. with color illustrations).
Full text linkThe article offers a critical review of the book of Serbian historian Aleksandar Uzelac, dedicated to the analysis of the relations between the Golden Horde and the Medieval Balkan Slavic states – Bulgaria and Serbia in the second half of the thirteenth century. The book is based on the wide corpus of Slavic, Latin, Byzantine and Oriental sources, archeological and numismatic findings, toponymy, as well as folklore tradition. The author offered a very insightful overview of the political relations between the Golden Horde and the Balkans, migratory movements of the populations from the Pontic Steppes to the Balkan region, and in addition he also dealt with the image of the Tatars in the eyes of its Christian contemporaries. The pivotal figure of the book is Nogai, whose career, status within the Golden Horde and achievements are analysed in detail. Moreover, armed with impressive erudition, the author challenged and revised many established misconceptions in Serbian and Bulgarian historiography. Another asset of the book is vivid and dynamic presentation of its contents, aimed not only at the specialists, but also the general audience. The shortcomings of this monograph are relatively few, with respect to omission of some archeological materials, but they do not diminish the general value of the monograph in question
Porphyrogenitus` borders on Ister and Hungarian conquest period finds in Vojvodina
Full text linkData from De administrando imperio covers Hungarian conquest, right after
their arrival to the Carpathian plain and to the territories they settled. In
order to describe the area of their inhabitance, author used well known facts
and clear geographical marks. Territory defined in that manner encompassed
modern Vojvodina, so an opinion was brought out in scientific literature that
it was also included in the area of early Hungarian inhabitance. However, it
appeares that in those speculations the archaeological data were not
adequatelly used, so it is important to give more precise insight into the
available archaeological material that can be tied to the earliest presence
of Hungarian population in Vojvodina. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike
Srbije, br. 177012: Društvo, duhovno-materijalna kultura i komunikacije u
praistoriji i ranoj istoriji Balkana i br. 177021: Procesi urbanizacije i
razvoja srednjovekovnog društva
Periodization of late medieval necropolis in the Lower Serbian Danube Basin
Full text linkMost of the necropolis investigated in the Lower Danube basin have been generally dated between the 12th and 14th centuries. However, the grave finds indicate that there are significant differences between certain necropolis and against that background it is apparent that they could not date from the same time period. The main characteristic of the necropolis in Korbovo Vajuga and Prahovo are numerous bracelets and various variants of the earrings with biconical pendants. There were also found the earrings with granulated nodules, hoops with coils of wire on their lower segment and earring with spherical pendant decorated with the pseudo granulation. The necropolis at the sites Svetinja in Stari Kostolac and the cemeteries at Mala Vrbica, Kličevac and Čoka Arte are also chronologically close to the above mentioned necropolis. Another group includes the necropolis at which the mentioned finds are entirely lacking. These are the necropolis Kod Groblja in Stari Kostolaca as well as the cemeteries at Čezava, Manastir, Boljetin Ravna, Hajdučka Vodenica, Ušće Porečke reke, Ljubičevac and Mihajlovac. Between these two groups of clearly distinguished necropolis are the cemeteries at Ribnica and Brza Palanka characterized by the mixed finds known from both groups of the necropolis. The beginning of interment in the cemeteries at Korbovo, Prahovo and Svetinja could be dated not before the second half of the 12th century, while at Vajuga it is more precisely dated in the end of that century. The question is how long these cemeteries could have been in use. The coin finds confirm without doubt that they had been in use during the first decades of the 13th century and the cessation of burying could be related to the Mongolian invasion, which affected these regions in the beginning of the fifth decade of the 13th century at the latest. The gradual disappearance of the earlier jewelry could be observed through the rare finds in the 13th century cemeteries, while they are entirely lacking in the later burials. The changes in the inventory of the necropolis relate also to the appearance of new decorative objects including the jewelry made of small ornamental plates or the earrings shaped as question mark. Generally speaking, these cemeteries are characterized by smaller quantity of grave goods and among them are much more frequent the elements of clothing (buckles, buttons, clasps), which are almost entirely lacking in the earlier cemeteries. It could not be precisely established how long these cemeteries had been in use only on the basis of the grave finds but the cessation of burying could be indirectly related to the Turkish conquest of this part of the Danube valley
Medieval archaeological heritage in the south of the Carpathian-pannonian region: the "Bjelo brdo complex" in Serbia
No full text„Бјелобрдски комплекс“ представља једну од најпознијих (рано)средњовековних
европских култура у којој се огледа сажимање номадских и неномадских популацијa и
њихов преображај у феудално хришћанско друштво, у периоду од 10. до 12. века. Задатак
дисертације био је да се дефинише, обједини и критички анализира археолошка граёа из
Војводине, и мањег дела остатка Србије, која се у најширем смислу може означити овим
појмом. У том циљу је обраёен археолошки материјал са преко 200 налазишта, према
подацима из литературе и на основу увида ауторке у део непубликоване граёе. Кроз
тумачење одлика насеља и некропола и типолошко-хронолошко проучавање налаза
објашњене су културне и друштвене промене у ужим временским етапама. Показано је да
се бјелобрдска култура може сагледати једино као сложена синтеза етнички хетерогеног
панонског становништва и досељених Маёара, уз знатније утицаје из окружења. На њено
обликовање у целини није утицао импулс са византијског Балкана већ су превагнула
струјања из других европских средина – отонског Запада, Кијевске Русије и у извесној
мери викиншог културног круга. То се нарочито јасно осликава у сфери верских,
друштвених и модних образаца и кроз преузимање занатских техника и производа.
Дисертација доприноси потпунијем сагледавању места и улоге простора Војводине
у ширим територијалним и историјским оквирима. Током свих временских етапа се прате
појаве присутне широм Панонске низије, које су у вези са успостављањем и развојем
Маёарске. Зато је у складу са токовима савремене науке предложено да се појам
„бјелобрдски комплекс/култура“ укине (и) у домаћој научној средини и да се архелошки
материјал разматра у општем контексту – као наслеёе из периода ране маёарске државе. С
друге стране, због непосредне близине византијске границе и периодичне византијске
превласти над Сремом, у јужној Војводини се прати својеврсно преплитање византијских
и бјелобрдских културних тековина.The “Bjelo Brdo complex” represents one of the last (early) medieval European cultures which
reflected the convergence of nomadic and non-nomadic populations and their transformation into
a feudal Christian society, in the period from the 10th to the 12th century. The task set for this
thesis was to define, consolidate and provide a critical analysis of the archaeological material
from Vojvodina, and certain smaller parts of the rest of Serbia, which could be defined as
belonging to this culture, in the broadest sense possible. In order to achieve this goal
archaeological material from over 200 sites was examined, according to data provided by
literature and due to author's personal inquiry into unpublished findings. Through an
interpretation of the characteristics of settlements and necropoles and typological-chronological
examination of the findings, cultural and social changes were explained, divided into shorter
periods of time. It was demonstrated that the Bjelo Brdo culture can be perceived only as a
complex synthesis of the ethnically heterogeneous Pannonian population and newly settled
Hungarians, with important influences from the surrounding areas. When it comes to the shaping
of that culture as a whole, it wasn‟t an impulse from the Byzantine Balkans that influenced it, but
rather the currents coming from other European milieux – Ottonian West, Kievan Rus‟ and, in a
certain measure, the Viking cultural sphere. This can be seen especially clearly in the sphere of
religious, social and fashion patterns and through the adoption of crafting techniques and
products.
This thesis contributes to a more complete overview of the place and role of the area of
Vojvodina in a wider territorial and historical context. Phenomena were registered from all of
chronological phases, present throughout the entire Carpathian Basin, and linked to the founding
and development of the Hungary. Therefore, in accordance with modern scientific tendencies, it
is suggested that the use of the term “Bjelo Brdo complex/culture” should be discontinued in our
scientific milieu (as well) and that the archaeological material should be taken into consideration
in a more general context – as heritage from the period of the early Hungarian state. On the other
hand, due to the immediate vicinity of the Byzantine border and periods of Byzantine dominance
over Syrmia, an entwining of sorts of the Byzantine and Bjelo Brdo cultural heritage can be
observed in southern Vojvodina
The periodisation of IX-XI century necropoles in the lower Serbian Danube river basin
Full text linkIt is extremely difficult to periodise the IX-XI century necropoles in the lower Serbian Danube river basin because not enough research has been done on them. Our knowledge is mainly limited to individual graves or to graveyards that have partly been investigated. An examination of the necropolis in Grabovica provided most of the data for establishing the chronology for the graves in Mihajlovac and Prahovo. Besides finds that were identical to the specimens from Grabovica, the graves in Mihajlovac and Prahovo contained finds of earrings, indicating that they may be slightly older than the graves in Grabovica and that burials in those graveyards may have ceased in the first half of the X century. This was a time when the threat of Magyar invasion existed on the right bank of the Danube, downstream from the confluence with the Morava. The graveyard in Grabovica was obviously still in use for a little longer, however, the fact that burials stopped there could have only been connected with the events that led to the end of Bulgarian and reestablishment of Byzantine authority in the Danube river basin. The formation of the necropoles in Korbovo and Kostol may have occurred roughly around that time, given the increased frequency of finds connected with the growing influence of Byzantium. Burials next to the defence wall of the fortifications in Kostol may have begun during the last decades of the X century. The unusual position of the necropolis, right next to the fortress defence wall, indicates that this graveyard was probably formed in wartime circumstances. Otherwise, a more suitable place would have been used for burials, of the kind that certainly must have existed in the neighbourhood of the fortress. One could extend the period of burying the deceased in Kostol and Korbovo to the last quarter of the XI century, at most. The later graveyards in this region are characterised by types of finds that were not discovered in earlier graveyards. An important event at that time, the uprising in 1072, could be the reason for this change in the inventory of grave finds. Earlier literature describes how life ceased in several fortresses downstream from the confluence with the Morava because of that event. It was assumed that the local Slav population had taken part in the uprising, therefore, after its failure, the inhabitants of the Danubian towns, in Đerdap and downstream, were deported or abandoned the fortresses of their own accord
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Early medieval finds from Prilipac near Požega
Full text linkMaterijalna kultura prvih stoleća srednjeg veka na prostoru centralnih i zapadnih delova današnje Srbije još uvek predstavlja nepoznanicu. Kada je reč o naseljima iz razdoblja od VII do ranog IX v., koja se uzimaju kao potvrda najranijeg slovenskog, odnosno srpskog prisustva na ovim prostorima za sada je arheološki iskopavano tek po jedno nalazište ravničarskog (Panjevački Rit kod Jagodine), odnosno gradinskog tipa (Gradina na Jelici kod Čačka). Odranije poznati, ali do sada ne i detaljnije razmatrani, nalazi iz sela Prilipca ukazuju na postojanje još jednog ranosrednjovekovnog naselja uz samo izvorište Zapadne Morave. Analiza pronađene keramike navodi na zaključak da bi ostatke ovog naselja trebalo datovati u VII-VIII v., a ne u poznije vreme kako je to ranije učinjeno.During archeological excavations at Obala, in the village of Prilipac (fig 1), near Požega (western Serbia) in 1983, a pit was investigated (figs. 2-3 pi. I) and dated by the excavators to the 11th-12th century. Subsequent examination of the pottery recovered (figs. 4-5), showed this to be incorrect but was rather analogous with pottery associated in western Serbia and north-eastern Bosnia with the earliest Slavic, or more precisely Serbian settlement from the 7th to the 8th century. The lower chronological boundary should be more reliably set to the second half of the 7th century while the latest date could be the beginning of the 9th century. Thus dated the Prilipac finds now constitute the earliest archeological evidence of Slavic settlement in the Moravica valley
Contribution to the investigations of the early Byzantine fibulae in the territory of Serbia considering particularly the find from Liška Ćava near Guča
No full textPrilikom istraživanja ranovizantijskog utvrđenja na Liškoj Ćavi 2000. godine pronađen je i jedan izuzetan arheološki nalaz. Radi se o većoj gvozdenoj fibuli, ukrašenoj tauširanim srebrnim i zlatnim nitima. Prema svom obliku, načinu izrade i načinu ukrašavanja, može se pripisati grupi fibula VI veka, rasprostranjenih u zapadnim i centralnim delovima Balkanskog poluostrva. Mada tipološki prepoznatljiva, izdvaja se veličinom i bogatstvom ukrasa, tako da za sada predstavlja jedinstven primerak.An exceptional archaeological find has been discovered in the course of investigation of the early Byzantine fortification at Liška Cava near Guča (western Serbia) in 2000. It is rather large fibula decorated with silver and gold inlays. According to its shape, way of manufacture and decoration it belongs to the early Byzantine fibulae, which are rather frequent finds in the western parts of the Balkan Peninsula in the second half of the 6th century. Their main characteristics are short bow and long bent foot. Although typologically familiar, the fibula from Liška Cava stands out because of its size, quality of manufacture and lavish decoration so it could be so far considered as a unique specimen. It could be assumed that it originally must have belonged to some of rather respectable inhabitants of the fortification at Liška Cava as the mark of his prominent position in the secular or church hierarchy
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