10 research outputs found
Rec.: Todor Bojadžiev, Vladimir Žobov, Georgi Kolev, Maksim Mladenov, Darina Mladenova, Vasilka Radeva, Ideografski dialekten rečnik na bălgarskija ezik, T. 1: A–D, Sofija 2012, ss. 1055
Get PDFReview: Todor Bojadžiev, Vladimir Žobov, Georgi Kolev, Maksim Mladenov, Darina Mladenova, Vasilka Radeva, Ideografski dialekten rečnik na bălgarskija ezik, Vol. 1: A–D, Sofija 2012, 1055 pp.
The article is a review of the first volume of An ideographic dialectal dictionary of the Bulgarian language. One of the crucial distinguishing features of the dictionary are the entry words, which are lexemes of literary Bulgarian naming the particular concepts. The entries are listed alphabetically but in keeping with the conceptual, onomasiological order. The particular entries contain all the registered dialectal forms along with their phonetic and morphological variants and information on the variants’ geographical distribution. Such way of presentation is supposed to provide a full picture of the equivalents of the general-language lexeme (concept) and demonstrate the diversity, lexical richness and nominational capabilities of Bulgarian dialects, while the choice of particular motivational features in the formation of words is supposed to reflect the specifics of the language users’ culture. The dictionary also contains words with no equivalents in the general language, a fact that allows for establishing the thematic groups (or semantic circles) in which Bulgarian dialects developed lexis that is peculiar to them.
Rec.: Todor Bojadžiev, Vladimir Žobov, Georgi Kolev, Maksim Mladenov, Darina Mladenova, Vasilka Radeva, Ideografski dialekten rečnik na bălgarskija ezik, T. 1: A–D, Sofija 2012, ss. 1055
Artykuł stanowi recenzję pierwszego tomu Ideograficznego słownika dialektów języka bułgarskiego. Jednym z podstawowych wyróżników omawianego słownika są wyrazy hasłowe – leksemy języka literackiego, nazywające poszczególne pojęcia. Artykuły hasłowe są uporządkowane alfabetycznie, ale z zachowaniem układu pojęciowego, onomazjologicznego. Poszczególne hasła zawierają zarejestrowane formy gwarowe i ich warianty fonetyczne oraz morfologiczne z uwzględnieniem rozmieszczenia terytorialnego danych postaci. Taka prezentacja ma dawać pełny obraz ekwiwalentów gwarowych danego leksemu (pojęcia) z języka ogólnego oraz pokazać różnorodność, leksykalne bogactwo i możliwości nominacyjne gwar bułgarskich, a wybór określonych cech motywacyjnych w kreacji wyrazów ma oddawać specyfikę kulturową użytkowników języka. W słowniku można też odnaleźć szereg specyficznych wyrazów, które nie mają odpowiedników w języku ogólnym, co pozwala ustalić, w jakich grupach tematycznych (czy też kręgach semantycznych) gwary wykształciły swoją własną leksykę
Универбирането в отношението му към антиномията текст : код
Get PDFAs an expression of the tendency towards language economy, structures resulting from univerbirane illustrate the shortening of the text in favour of the code. They constitute one-word formations motivationally connected with denotational phrases, whose structure includes a modifying word underlying the onomasiological motive, e.g. trichlenna komisiya - trichlenka. The shortening of the text is manifested in replacing a generally used reproducible phrase with a one-word denotational unit. This is accompanied by the preservation of the concept, with which both types of denotational units are connected, cf. kirilska azbuka and kirilitsa
Умалителните имена в отношението им към категорията деминутивност
Get PDFThe semantic category of ‘diminutiveness’, verbally expressed by diminutive modification structures, is considered in relation to the derivational means of Bulgarian. Inherited from Proto-Slavonic, they make it possible to reveal interesting phenomena shared by the Slavonic languages. The derivational semantics of diminutives, which is revealed through their relation to the underlying words, is based on the denotative motif ‘diminutiveness’, but is not exhausted by it. This makes it possible for diminutives to display variability in the way they function in children’s speech, in the way adults speak to children, in literature, in dialects, etc
International prosecution and human rights of foreign terrorist fighters
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MEDNARODNI KAZENSKI PREGON IN ČLOVEKOVE PRAVICE TUJIH TERORISTIČNIH BORCEV
Avtor: Rok Petročnik
Mentorica: izr. prof. dr. Vasilka Sancin
V magistrski nalogi sem raziskoval nastanek fenomena tujega terorističnega borca, njihov mednarodni kazenski pregon in kršitve njihovih temeljnih človekovih pravic v domačih kazenskih pregonih.
Varnostni svet OZN je leta 2014 na podlagi VII. poglavja Ustanovne listine OZN sprejel Resolucijo 2178, ki podaja opis tujega terorističnega borca, vendar ne loči med oboroženimi spopadi in terorizmom. Resolucija 2178 opisuje tujega terorističnega borca kot posameznika, ki potuje v tujino z namenom izvedbe ali sodelovanja v terorističnem napadu, medtem ko je tuji borec posameznik, ki odpotuje v tujino z namenom pridružitve oboroženim spopadom.
V raziskavi sem prišel do sklepa, da trenutno ne obstaja mednarodni kazenski pregon tujih terorističnih borcev, saj pregon izvajajo države same pred nacionalnimi sodišči. Varnostni svet OZN je pregon tujih terorističnih borcev preložil na države članice OZN, in sicer z vzpostavitvijo različnih odborov za nadzor izvajanja sankcij Varnostnega Sveta, kot so Sankcijski odbor 1267 in Skupina za analitično podporo in nadzor sankcij.
V primerih Nada, Ahmed in Abdelrazik so nacionalna sodišča zaradi kršitev temeljnih človekovih pravic s sodbami razveljavila državne upravne akte, ki so vpeljevali sprejete protiteroristične resolucije Varnostnega sveta. Podobno je naredilo sodišče EU v primeru Kadi, kjer je bila razveljavljena uredba, ki je vpeljala sankcije Varnostnega sveta. Sodbe nacionalnih in sodišč v EU so bile glavni dejavnik za spremembo mednarodnopravnega okvirja terorizma OZN in za posledično večji poudarek na spoštovanju temeljnih pravic, ki jih zagotavlja Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah.ABSTRACT
INTERNATIONAL PROSECUTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS OF FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS
Author: Rok Petročnik
Mentor: Vasilka Sancin, PhD, Professor
In master’s thesis i explored the emergence of the foreign terrorist fighter phenomenona, international prosecution of foreign terrorist fighters, and the violation of the fundamental rights of foreign terrorist fighters in domestic prosecutions.
UN Security Council in 2014 adopted Resolution 2178 under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. However, while the Resolution outlines the description of a foreign terrorist fighter, it fails to distinguish between armed conflicts and terrorism. Resolution 2178 defines foreign terrorist fighters as individuals who travel to a state other than their states of residence or nationality for the purpose of the perpetration, planning, or preparation of, or participation in, terrorist acts or the providing or receiving of terrorist training, including in connection with armed conflict, while foreign fighter is an individual who travels abroad with intention to join armed conflict.
The research led to the conclusion that there is currently no international prosecution of foreign terrorist fighters because states carry it out before national courts. UN Security Council has placed the burden of prosecuting foreign terrorist fighters on UN Member States by establishing different committees monitoring the implementation of the Security Council sanctions, such as the 1267 Committee and the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team.
In the cases of Nada, Ahmed and Abdelrazik, national courts due to violations of fundamental rights, repealed national administrative acts that introduced the adopted UN Security Council counter terrorism resolutions. The Court of Justice of the EU made a similar decision in the case of Kadi by repealing the regulation introducing the UN Security Council sanctions. Judgements of national and EU courts were the main factor in changing the UN terrorism framework in terms of international law, thus shifting the focus on the respect of fundamental rights as guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights
Sprachliche Kategorien und die slawische Wortbildung. Westostpassagen. Slawistische Forschungen und Texte
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Международная конференция Комиссии по славянскому словообразованию
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A Participatory Design Game for Social Housing Configuration in the Context of Manaus, in Brazil
No full textThe emic structure of space heavily depends on the social, cultural, and economic context (Hillier, 1989). Yet, many social housing projects disregard this crucial aspect by standardizing the configuration of space (Sanoff, 2000). To be able to avoid the standardization of configuration and benefit from the cost-efficiency of mass production (Pine, 1993, Tseng, 2007), we propose a serious game that utilizes participatory design and gamification to facilitate co-creation and enable people to re-enforce their social and cultural preferences in the configuration of the spaces while benefiting from the economic viability of a mass-produced kit-of-parts. The proposed construction game is a mix of board game with Lego pieces. Each Lego piece have different possible dimension depending on the function which is being represented. The gameboard represents the plot on which the housing will be implemented. During the Planning phase of the game the players will use those components to generate a draft configuration that translates their preferences and requirements. Later in the Configuration stage, the game mechanisms are introduced to engage the players to communicate and discuss their ideas, make trades and commitments between them. The proposed configuration comprises fully modular pieces, so it could be easily manufactured and replicated. A test case base is conducted to further analyse on how effective the game has been in facilitating the participation in housing configuration, without the obstacle of technical knowledge of the architectural design and construction.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Building Technolog
International Legal Interpretation of the Obligation to Negotiate as a Precondition of the Consent of a State to International Investment Arbitration
Get PDFV večini od 855 znanih primerov mednarodne investicijske arbitraže je bil podlaga za arbitražo mednarodni investicijski sporazum, v katerem država ponudi soglasje za arbitražo vnaprej nedoločenim investitorjem. 81% mednarodnih investicijskih sporazumov vsebuje zahtevo, da se morata investitor in država določen čas pogajati, preden lahko investitor vloži tožbo. Navkljub temu, da so mednarodni investicijski tribunali glede narave tovrstne zahteve prišli do različnih zaključkov, predstavlja izpolnitev zahteve za pogajanja po mnenju avtorja pogoj, brez katerega soglasje države za mednarodno investicijsko arbitražo ni podano.
V mednarodni arbitražni praksi se lahko razlaga zahtev za pogajanja razdeli na dve glavni fazi. V prvi, zgodnejši, so mednarodni investicijski tribunali, po zgledu drugih mednarodnih sodišč, zahteve za pred-arbitražna pogajanja razlagali zelo milo in v korist investitorja. Pogajanja naj ne bi bila \u27jurisdikcijska\u27, temveč zgolj \u27postopkovna\u27 zahteva, ki ne vpliva na pristojnost tribunala. Po mnenju teh tribunalov bi strožja razlaga zahteve za predhodna pogajanja to lahko spremenila iz orodja za zagotavljanje učinkovitega sistema reševanja sporov v instrument zavlačevanja in stroškovne neučinkovitosti. V drugi, danes prevladujoči, fazi, so se tribunali, zopet po zgledu drugih mednarodnih sodišč (predvsem Meddržavnega sodišča), osredotočili na koncept soglasja za arbitražo v luči načela suverenosti. Tako soglasja ni, če niso izpolnjeni pogoji, ki jih je država temu soglasju postavila.
Obveznost pogajanj, kot obveznost prizadevanja, pa ni absolutna, saj od investitorja ne moremo zahtevati pogajanj, če bi ta bila očitno neučinkovita. Ob tem pa je dokazno breme na investitorju, s strogim dokaznim standardom. Magistrsko delo se dotakne tudi klavzule največjih ugodnosti, ki po mnenju avtorja, če v njih ni izrecno zapisano drugače, ne bi smela vplivati na zahtevo za pogajanja.The basis of the majority of the 855 international investment arbitrations known to - date was an international investment agreement in which a State offers consent to arbitrate to investors that are unknown to it at the time of concluding the agreement. 81% of international investment agreements incorporate an obligation to negotiate, according to which an investor and the State must negotiate for a certain period of time before an investor may submit its claim to arbitration. According to the author, a State’s consent to arbitrate is not given if the obligation to negotiate is not fulfilled, despite international investment tribunals arriving at different conclusions regarding the nature of such an obligation.
Concerning the interpretation of the obligation to negotiate, international investment arbitral practice can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, the interpretation followed decisions of other international courts and was quite lenient in favour of investors. The obligation to negotiate was not seen as \u27jurisdictional\u27 but rather as \u27procedural\u27, thus not affecting the tribunal\u27s jurisdiction. According to these tribunals, a stricter interpretation could transform negotiations from a tool that enables a more effective resolution of disputes into instruments for delaying the procedure and making it less cost-effective. In the second phase, which is the leading argumentation today, tribunals put greater emphasis on the concept of consent to arbitrate in light of the principle of State sovereignty, again following certain decisions of other international courts (the ICJ in particular). Consent cannot be deemed to be given by the State if the conditions of such a consent have not been met.
The obligation to negotiate as an obligation of conduct is not absolute since it has exceptions such as futility. However, the burden of proof in such cases is on the investor and the standard of proof is strict. The master thesis also touches upon the MFN clause, which, according to the author, should not affect the obligation to negotiate unless it expressly provides otherwise
Citizens facing environmental challenges in Balkan countries
Get PDFObligation to care for the environment is proscribed by the national constitutions and laws of the Balkan countries. International organizations like the Council of Europe (the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities) have started the process of strategic thinking and planning how to help cities increase their resilience to meet the challenges of the fast deteriorating environment. Moreover, although the right to clean and healthy environment has not been envisaged in the European Convention on Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights has already pronounced itself in a number of cases connected to environmental protection. At the universal level, the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention) foresees effective public participation and access to information and justice for environment-friendly urban and spatial planning. Despite the norms and institutions that strive to protect the environment, it is no secret that pollution and climate change claim thousands of lives every year.
The author examines preparedness of the citizens and environmental NGOs in Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia and Kosovo to challenge government decisions, which impose high external costs in urban areas. The following indicators will be used in the research: compatibility of national legislation with international standards, dynamism of the NGOs (e.g., projects, contribution to policy-making, legal aid), citizens’ response to environmental problems and environmental lawsuits brought to competent bodies. The research methods encompass legal and comparative analyses of international instruments, laws and court cases, desk research and structured interviews with stakeholders.
The results will show that NGOs and citizens in the Balkan countries are not sufficiently empowered to provide effective contribution to environmental security in urban areas. Recommendations will be offered on how to enhance legal infrastructure, boost advocacy and provide adequate legal remedies to prevent and deter environmental damage in urban areas
