1,720,967 research outputs found
Low Pressure Ratio Cascaded Joule-Thomson Cryogenic Coolers
Get PDFThis thesis presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of several coldstages intended to investigate the feasibility of a low pressure ratio three stage cascaded Joule-Thomson (JT) based cryogenic cooler. The coldstages investigated use single component refrigerants operating at pressure ratios of less than 0.5:0.1 MPa. Low pressure ratio single component refrigerants offer an order of magnitude higher specific refrigeration capacity but a narrower temperature range of cooling when compared to mixed refrigerants. Cryogenic temperatures can be reached by cascading several self-contained JT refrigeration cycles. A micro-fabricated polyimide based single stage coldstage is built using micro-fabrication techniques developed in previous works. Several processing challenges are identified and recommended solutions and best practices are implemented. Control of the JT restriction is difficult as the polyimide micro-channels expand under high internal pressure. The coldstage is run in a high pressure environment to press the JT restriction into the correct geometry and cools to 280 K. To better control the JT restriction, a glass capillary based coldstage design is identified. The coldstage uses a glass capillary to form the JT restriction. The coldstage cools to 267 K and 283 K when run in a vacuum environment and atmosphere respectively as calculated. The coldstage is integrated with a mini-compressor and intermittently cools to 288 K in atmosphere. The glass capillary design is further developed to make a two stage cascaded coldstage with a Kapton tube-in-tube inter-stage heat exchanger. The coldstage cools to 228 K with a net refrigeration power of 150 mW. A three stage coldstage is demonstrated using the same design. The coldstage cools to 193 K with net refrigeration power of 15 mW. The coldstages presented demonstrate the feasibility of low pressure ratio cascaded JT cryogenic coolers. The efficiencies of the coldstages are low because of large natural heat leak into the systems and inefficiencies of the inter-stage heat exchangers. Future work can improve efficiencies through design optimization of the inter-stage heat exchangers and implementation of more significant thermal insulation. An in-depth review of micro-fabrication techniques based on mechanical design, thermal design, and quality and ease of fabrication is needed for future scalability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Low Pressure Ratio Cascaded Joule-Thomson Cryogenic Coolers
Get PDFThis thesis presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of several coldstages intended to investigate the feasibility of a low pressure ratio three stage cascaded Joule-Thomson (JT) based cryogenic cooler. The coldstages investigated use single component refrigerants operating at pressure ratios of less than 0.5:0.1 MPa. Low pressure ratio single component refrigerants offer an order of magnitude higher specific refrigeration capacity but a narrower temperature range of cooling when compared to mixed refrigerants. Cryogenic temperatures can be reached by cascading several self-contained JT refrigeration cycles. A micro-fabricated polyimide based single stage coldstage is built using micro-fabrication techniques developed in previous works. Several processing challenges are identified and recommended solutions and best practices are implemented. Control of the JT restriction is difficult as the polyimide micro-channels expand under high internal pressure. The coldstage is run in a high pressure environment to press the JT restriction into the correct geometry and cools to 280 K. To better control the JT restriction, a glass capillary based coldstage design is identified. The coldstage uses a glass capillary to form the JT restriction. The coldstage cools to 267 K and 283 K when run in a vacuum environment and atmosphere respectively as calculated. The coldstage is integrated with a mini-compressor and intermittently cools to 288 K in atmosphere. The glass capillary design is further developed to make a two stage cascaded coldstage with a Kapton tube-in-tube inter-stage heat exchanger. The coldstage cools to 228 K with a net refrigeration power of 150 mW. A three stage coldstage is demonstrated using the same design. The coldstage cools to 193 K with net refrigeration power of 15 mW. The coldstages presented demonstrate the feasibility of low pressure ratio cascaded JT cryogenic coolers. The efficiencies of the coldstages are low because of large natural heat leak into the systems and inefficiencies of the inter-stage heat exchangers. Future work can improve efficiencies through design optimization of the inter-stage heat exchangers and implementation of more significant thermal insulation. An in-depth review of micro-fabrication techniques based on mechanical design, thermal design, and quality and ease of fabrication is needed for future scalability
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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