1,721,059 research outputs found
Prädiktoren des Schriftspracherwerbs im Deutschen
No full textDetermining the prerequisites of the process of successful reading acquisition is a central area of research interest. In a multitude of studies, numerous cognitive skills were determined as having impact on reading acquisition. As the research in large part originates from English speaking countries, the discussion relates predominantly to the English orthographic system. But there is a growing number of studies suggesting an interdependence between the acquisition and the appearance of difficulties in reading and writing as well as the specific orthographic systemto be learned. According to the presumptions of this branch of research the development of literacy skills differs as a function of the orthographic depth. In this respect it is essential to question the findings from studies conducted with English-speaking children results concerning their appropriateness to the German orthographic system and to develop new paradigms to improve the quality of prediction of reading difficulty. Accordingly this study uses already established predictors complemented by newly developed methods based on innovative theoretical considerations as well as on empirical results from research concerning reading acquisition and dyslexia. Promising predictors are early literacy skills, phonological awareness skills, naming speed and working memory capacity. The selection and development of predictor-tasks to determine musical awareness, learning potential and picture naming speed made an important part of this study. Particular attention was given to the development of a method determining the elementary and elaborated symbol acquisition. The impact of the specific preschool skills was measured by using a longitudinal design with two test times (pre- and post- reading instruction). Dominance analyses were calculated to determine the relative impact of the specific predictors. Data analysis was further completed by a classification procedure. The quality of prediction was analyzed for the predictor variables elementary symbol acquisition and risk points of Bielefeld Screening. Although the prediction battery in this study involved a wide range of cognitive abilities, the results of the dominance analyses determines three variables as most influential and having a consistent impact on the various outcome measures: elementary symbol acquisition, naming speed measured by rapid naming of the colour of incongruently coloured objects, and early literacy. The findings do not confirm phonological awareness skills as a core deficit in reading acquisition, as these skills only account for a minimal proportion of variance in writing ability at the end of first class. This indicates that the predictive quality of phonological awareness skills in German is reduced possibly because of the relative transparency of the German orthographic system compared to the English orthographic system. Elementary symbol acquisition, measured by the paradigm of the visual-verbal paired associate learning, turns out to be one of the best predictors of reading and writing acquisition at the end of first grade. In addition, the impact of early literacy and naming speed was confirmed. Results of the classification procedure support the practical usage of the elementary symbol acquisition in early diagnostics of children at risk of developing difficulties in reading and writing. Students with deficits in literacy skills were in large part classified correctly by means of their results in the elementary symbol acquisition task. Overall the study underlines the importance of a general and language specific understanding of the prerequisites and the process of reading acquisition to improve early diagnostic and therefore early remediation of reading difficulties
Die Entwicklung der räumlichen Aspekte der Blickbewegungen beim Lesen bei Grundschulkindern
No full textDie Entwicklung der räumlichen Aspekte der Blickbewegungen beim Lesen bei Grundschulkindern
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Reading music. How melody and notation influence musicians' eye movements, information processing and cognitive workload in a pattern-matching task
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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