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Martialinae Rabeling & Verhaagh 2008
No full text<p> Subfamily <b>Martialinae</b> Rabeling & Verhaagh 2008</p> <p> Martialinae Rabeling & Verhaagh, in Rabeling <i>et al</i>. 2008: 14913. Type-genus: <i>Martialis</i>. Monotypic.</p> Apomorphies of Martialinae and <i>Martialis</i> <p>Note: Character states indicated here are generally apomorphic for the Formicidae given Bolton’s (2003) synthesis of plesiomorphies (appendix 3; presented below in brackets) and novel observations. These</p> <p> apomorphies may or may not be unique synapomorphies of <i>M. heureka</i>, but are of high diagnostic value. Worker-based states may also apply to the gyne, which at present is unknown. Larvae are unknown.</p> <p>1. Mandibles more-or-less linear, elongate, not crossing at rest (worker), mandibles narrowly linear (male) (Fig. 11 A–B) (note 1). [Mandibles triangular.]</p> <p>2. Labrum with pair of trigger-hair-like setae at basolateral corners of sclerite, before margin curves distally, and situated at about lateral margin of lateral torular arch in anteroventral view; these setae directed dorsolaterally, contacting basal mandibular margin (worker) (note 2). [Labral trigger-hairs absent.]</p> <p>3. Clypeus strongly reduced (worker) (note 3). [Clypeus well-developed.]</p> <p>4. Medial clypeal portion covered with dense patch of erect, linear setae projecting anteriorly (worker) (note 3). [Dense setal patch absent.]</p> <p>5. Antennal toruli exposed in dorsal view (worker) (note 4). [Antennal toruli partially concealed in dorsal view.]</p> <p>6. Antennal toruli situated at and projecting anteriorly beyond anterior clypeal margin (worker) (note 5). [Antennal toruli distant from anterior clypeal margin.]</p> <p>7. Antennal toruli situated anterior to line drawn between anterior tentorial pits (worker) (note 5). [Antennal toruli situated posterior to anterior tentorial pits.]</p> <p>8. Antennal toruli dorsoventrally elongated (worker) (note 6). [Antennal toruli dorsoventrally short.]</p> <p>9. Frons bulging medially posterior to posterior clypeal margin and between antennal toruli (worker). [Frons not bulging anteromedially.]</p> <p>10. Compound eyes absent (worker) (note 7). [Compound eyes present.]</p> <p>11. Petiole completely tergosternally fused, without externally visible suture (worker, male) (note 8) (Fig. 11C). [Petiole without tergosternal fusion.]</p> <p>12. Abdominal segment III tergosternally fused (worker) (note 9).</p> <p>13. Abdominal segment III reduced in size relative to segment IV, to which it is still broadly attached (worker) (note 10). [Abdominal segment III not reduced in size relative to segment IV.]</p> <p>14. Abdominal segment IV presclerite differentiated from postsclerite (worker) (note 11). [Abdominal segment IV presclerite undifferentiated.]</p> Notes on diagnosis <p> 1. Worker trait is character 1 of Rabeling <i>et al.</i> ’s (2008) generic diagnosis.</p> <p> 2. The labrum of the worker is lateromedially broad, with the apical half populated by somewhat dense setae, while the basal half is glabrous except for a pair of elongate basolateral setae which are directed apicolaterally, toward the basal mandibular margins. These setae are reminiscent of the trigger-hairs of trap-jawed ants such as <i>Strumigenys</i>, the <i>Daceton</i> genus group, and the <i>Odontomachus</i> + <i>Anochetus</i> clade (although the setae of the ponerines occur on the mandibles). At first blush it seems unlikely that <i>Martialis</i> is a trap-jaw predator (Rabeling <i>et al.</i> 2008), as the most well-studied trap-jaw ants (<i>Strumigenys</i>, <i>Daceton</i> genus group, <i>Odontomachus</i>) all have mandibles, which are quite to very close-set compared to <i>Martialis</i>. This does not preclude mandibular snapping, however, as <i>Mystrium</i> (Moffett 1986; Gronenberg <i>et al.</i> 1998) and <i>Protanilla</i> (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990) have mandibles capable of rapid, forceful closure. While no apparent mandibular locking mechanism has been identified for <i>Martialis</i>, a detailed study of its internal morphology has yet to be done. The putative trigger setae of <i>Martialis</i> do not resemble the trigger setae found in <i>Protanilla</i> (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990).</p> <p> 3. Characters 3 and 4 above were treated as character 2 in the subfamilial diagnosis of Rabeling <i>et al.</i> (2008). Here they are considered independent.</p> <p> 4. Part of Rabeling <i>et al.</i> (2008) subfamilial character 5.</p> <p> 5. In addition to <i>Martialis</i>, the only ants with antennal toruli situated anterior to the anterior tentorial pits are homoplastically derived in the proceratiine genera <i>Probolomyrmex</i> and <i>Discothyrea</i> (Keller 2011).</p> <p> 6. Rabeling <i>et al.</i> (2008) character 6 of the subfamilial diagnosis.</p> <p> 7. Character 3 of Rabeling <i>et al.</i> ’s (2008) subfamilial diagnosis.</p> <p> 8. Worker trait is character 13 of Rabeling <i>et al.</i> ’s (2008) subfamilial diagnosis</p> <p> 9. Part of Rabeling <i>et al.</i> (2008) character 14 of the subfamilial diagnosis; tergosternal fusion of abdominal segment III may be an apomorphy of the poneroids.</p> <p> 10. Part of Rabeling <i>et al.</i> (2008) character 14 of the subfamilial diagnosis.</p> <p> 11. Generic diagnosis character 8 from Rabeling <i>et al.</i> (2008).</p> Additions to worker diagnosis of Rabeling <i>et al.</i> (2008) <p>Note: Characters indicated here are segregated from the “Apomorphies of Martialinae …” section above as they are of diagnostic value but are either plesiomorphies or of uncertain polarity, i.e., it is unclear whether these traits are apomorphic.</p> <p>1. Scape conspicuously curved.</p> <p>2. Meso- and metacoxae very closely situated (metapleuron foreshortened).</p> <p>3. Metatibia with potentially glandular patch of discolored cuticle posterobasad ventroapical spur (note 1).</p> <p>4. Aroliae reduced.</p> <p>5. Petiolar peduncle anteriorly delimited by parabolic carina.</p> <p>6. Subpetiolar process present as small anteroventral denticle.</p> <p>7. Helcium axial.</p> <p>8. AIII prora carinate, transverse, lip-shaped.</p> <p>9. Anterior and posterior margins of AIII postsclerites not parallel in profile view, posterior margin of posttergite produced posteriorly.</p> <p>10. Abdominal segments 4, 5, 6, and 7 about equal length.</p> Note <p> 1. The potentially glandular patch of cuticle here identified is located on the apicoventral metatibial surface basad the tibial spur, in a similar position to the confirmed metatibial glands of other Formicidae. The cuticular patch was visible when backlit through the cleared leg of the holotype. Unlike the remainder of the leg cuticle, this patch was clearly thick and opaque. Recorded as absent by Baroni-Urbani <i>et al.</i> (1992), not recorded by Billen <i>et al.</i> (2013). Future specimens of <i>Martialis</i> workers should be subjected to detailed SEM and TEM study.</p> Comments <p> An attempt was made to discern the palpal count of the holotype worker, but the labrum is partially reflexed over the maxillolabial complex. It seems as if there are two maxillary palpomeres, but this could not be confirmed in any specimen orientation or lighting. The labial palps were not visible. Rabeling <i>et al.</i> (2008) recorded the propodeal lobes as absent in the worker; after comparative study of the male and worker it is apparent that weakly developed carinae are present in the area associated with propodeal lobes. These carinae are not obvious in perfect profile view. Their homology with propodeal lobes is uncertain.</p> Male diagnosis <p>Uniquely identified among the global fauna by the following character combination: mandibles linear, barely meeting at head midlength; clypeus reduced, with antennal toruli situated less than 1 antennal</p> <p>socket distance from anterior clypeal margin; notauli present; wing venation somewhat reduced, Ogata type IVa (five cells enclosed by tubular abscissae: costal, basal, subbasal, submarginal, and marginal cells closed); jugal lobe absent; petiolar tergum and sternum clearly fused; posterior petiolar foramen raised dorsad anterior foramen; helcium axial; abdominal segment III reduced relative to and differentiated from segment IV; abdominal segment IV with cinctus impressed yet indistinctly margined; pygostyles absent; and genitalia small, relatively unmodified.</p> <p>1. Alate.</p> <p>2. Mandalus enlarged (Fig. 11 A–B).</p> <p>3. Mandibles linear, lateral and medial margins weakly tapered to apex; barely meeting at head midline (Fig. 11 A–B).</p> <p>4. Palpal formula 2,1.</p> <p>5. Clypeus reduced, greatest anteroposterior length about 1.5 times antennal socket diameter; antennal toruli separated from anterior clypeal margin by less than 1 antennal socket diameter (Fig. 11 A–B).</p> <p>6. Anterior clypeal margin without pegs (Fig. 11 A–B).</p> <p>7. Anterior tentorial pits situated posteromediad antennal toruli (Fig. 11B).</p> <p>8. Frontal carinae and lobes absent (Fig. 11 A–B).</p> <p>9. Antenna 13-merous; funiculus filiform.</p> <p>10. Occipital carina reduced, not enclosing occiput.</p> <p>11. Notauli present, meeting medially and extending posteriorly to transscutal line (Fig. 11 C–D).</p> <p>12. Scutoscutellar sulcus not ribbed (Fig. 11D).</p> <p>13. Oblique mesopleural sulcus present, anterior terminus separated slightly ventrad posterolateral pronotal corner (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>14. Metapleural spiracular sclerite absent (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>15. Propodeal lobes present, weakly developed (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>16. Metacoxal cavities narrowly closed.</p> <p>17. Tibial spur formula 1p, 1p.</p> <p>18. Pretarsal claws edentate.</p> <p>19. Pterostigma indistinct, nearly absent (Fig. 12A).</p> <p>20. Ogata forewing venation type IVa (Fig. 12A): Submarginal cell 1+2 closed by Rs+M+Mf2–3; 2rs-m present, Mf4–6 absent; marginal cell 1 closed; 1m-cu absent, thus discal cell 1 open; subdiscal cell 1 open.</p> <p>21. Hindwing venation reduced (Fig. 12B): Only R+Rs and 1A tubular.</p> <p>22. Jugal lobe absent (Fig. 12B).</p> <p> 23. Petiole nodiform, with indistinct posterior face; <i>posterior foramen raised dorsally above longitudinal petiolar axis</i> (note 1) (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>24. Petiolar tergum with anterior parabolic carina (basipetiolar carina).</p> <p>25. Petiolar tergum and sternum fused; laterotergite absent (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>26. Petiolar tergum not forming anteroventral collar around sternum.</p> <p>27. Helcium axial, broad (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>28. Helcial sternite projecting ventrad lateral tergite margins.</p> <p>29. Abdominal segment III weakly reduced relative to and differentiated from segment IV (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>30. Prora of abdominal sternum III weak, transversely parabolic (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>31. Abdominal tergum IV neither vaulted nor elongated relative to following segments (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>32. Abdominal spiracle 4 exposed, 5–8 concealed by preceding tergites (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>33. Abdominal sternum IX acutely triangular, apex nearly pointed; neither pronged nor toothed (Fig. 12C).</p> <p>34. Pygostyles absent.</p> <p>35. Genitalia small, partially exserted (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>36. Cupula anteroposteriorly narrow along all faces (Fig. 12 D–F).</p> <p>37. Basimere continuous with telomere (Fig. 12 D–H).</p> <p>38. Telomere short, digitate, extending anteroventrad beneath basimere (Fig. 12F).</p> <p>39. Cuspis absent (Fig. 12E).</p> <p>40. Valviceps dorsomedially fused, lobate, longer than tall, apex downturned, two sides forming tube (Fig. 12D, H).</p> Note <p> 1. The posterior petiolar foramen is convergently raised above the anterior petiolar foramen in <i>Tatuidris</i> (Agroecomyrmecinae).</p>Published as part of <i>Boudinot, Brendon E., 2015, Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages, pp. 1-62 in European Journal of Taxonomy 120</i> on pages 33-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2015.120, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3780152">http://zenodo.org/record/3780152</a>
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
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are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Figure 2 in A checklist of the non-leaf-cutting fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Colombia, with new biogeographic records
No full textFigure 2. Apterostigma species encountered in Colombia. A, B. Apterostigma angustum, J. Sosa-Calvo. C–H. Figures taken by M. Esposito obtained from the Antweb database (http://www.antweb.org). C, D. Apterostigma auriculatum, CASENT0922035. E, F. Apterostigma bolivianum, CASENT0922036. G, H. Apterostigma carinatum, CASENT0922038.Published as part of Mera-Rodríguez, Daniela, Serna, Francisco, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Lattke, John & Rabeling, Christian, 2020, A checklist of the non-leaf-cutting fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Colombia, with new biogeographic records, pp. 1205-1227 in Check List 16 (5) on page 1209, DOI: 10.15560/16.5.1205, http://zenodo.org/record/405908
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Figure 1 in A checklist of the non-leaf-cutting fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Colombia, with new biogeographic records
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