1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Inactivation of peroxisomal ABC transporters, ABCD1 and ABCD2 in BV-2 microglial cells : Towards a better understanding of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
No full textL’adrénoleucodystrophie liée à l’X (X-ALD) est une maladie neurodégénérative sévère caractérisée par une accumulation d’acides gras à très longue chaîne (AGTLC), conséquence d’un défaut de β-oxydation peroxysomale. La maladie est associée à l’absence de la protéine ABCD1, transporteur ABC du peroxysome qui, tout comme son homologue le plus proche, ABCD2, participe à l’import des AGTLC-CoA au sein du peroxysome, l’unique site de leur dégradation par β-oxydation. La compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques est aujourd’hui limitée par le manque de modèles expérimentaux pertinents, cellulaires ou animaux. Puisque le défaut peroxysomal dans la microglie apparait comme un événement pathogénique majeur, nous avons généré des lignées de cellules microgliales incapable de transporter et/ou β-oxyder les AGTLC au sein du peroxysome. Quatre lignées cellulaires microgliales BV-2 déficientes en ABCD1, ABCD2, ABCD1 et ABCD2 ou ACOX1 (l’enzyme limitante de la β-oxydation peroxysomale) ont ainsi été générées par édition génique par CRISPR-Cas9. Ces cellules déficientes présentent d’importants défauts biochimiques, une accumulation d’AGTLC mais aussi des changements des contenus en acides gras et cholestérol. Les analyses ultrastructurales effectuées démontrent l’existence d’importantes inclusions lipidiques et indiquent également une augmentation du nombre de peroxysomes et mitochondries dans ces cellules. Les profils transcriptomiques signalent des altérations de la plasticité de ces cellules microgliales et de leur capacité de reprogrammation métabolique en réponse à un stimulus inflammatoire. Les fonctions de phagocytose ou de présentation antigénique des cellules microgliales semblent être affectées par le défaut peroxysomal. Enfin, les résultats obtenus à l’aide de ces modèles suggèrent que l’altération du métabolisme lipidique peroxysomal modifie l’organisation des membranes cellulaires. Ces lignées cellulaires apparaissent donc comme des modèles prometteurs, d’un grand intérêt pour la compréhension de la physiopathologie et l’identification de cibles thérapeutiques de cette maladie neurodégénérative complexe.X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) accumulation resulting from a peroxisomal β-oxidation defect. The disease is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which encodes for a peroxisomal half ABC transporter predicted, like its closest homologue ABCD2, to participate in the entry of VLCFA-CoA into the peroxisome, the unique site of their β-oxidation. Progress in understanding the physiopathogenesis of X-ALD suffers from the lack of appropriate cell and animal models. Since peroxisomal defects in microglia seem to be a key element of the onset of the disease, we generated four microglial cell lines unable to transport and/or β-oxidize VLCFA into the peroxisome. BV-2 microglial cells were engineered with CRISPR-Cas9 to generate four microglial cell lines deficient in ABCD1, ABCD2, both ABCD1 and ABCD2 or ACOX-1 (the first rate-limiting enzyme of the peroxisomal β-oxidation system). Biochemical defects and lipid content changes associated with VLCFA accumulation but also fatty acids and cholesterol changes were identified in deficient microglia. Ultrastructural investigations confirmed cytosolic lipid inclusions and an increased number of peroxisome and mitochondria. Transcriptomic profiles of deficient microglia are indicative of an impaired plasticity and an impaired capacity to operate the metabolic shift required upon an inflammatory stimulation. Peroxisomal defect is likely to affect phagocytosis and antigen presentation capacity of microglia. Peroxisomal lipid metabolism defect is also suggested to modify cell membranes organization. Altogether, these novel mutant cell lines represent a promising model that should permit identification of new therapeutic targets for this complex neurodegenerative disease
Inactivation génique des transporteurs ABC peroxysomaux ABCD1 et ABCD2 dans les cellules microgliales BV-2 : étude de la physiopathogenèse de l’adrénoleucodystrophie liée à l’X.
No full textX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) accumulation resulting from a peroxisomal β-oxidation defect. The disease is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which encodes for a peroxisomal half ABC transporter predicted, like its closest homologue ABCD2, to participate in the entry of VLCFA-CoA into the peroxisome, the unique site of their β-oxidation. Progress in understanding the physiopathogenesis of X-ALD suffers from the lack of appropriate cell and animal models. Since peroxisomal defects in microglia seem to be a key element of the onset of the disease, we generated four microglial cell lines unable to transport and/or β-oxidize VLCFA into the peroxisome. BV-2 microglial cells were engineered with CRISPR-Cas9 to generate four microglial cell lines deficient in ABCD1, ABCD2, both ABCD1 and ABCD2 or ACOX-1 (the first rate-limiting enzyme of the peroxisomal β-oxidation system). Biochemical defects and lipid content changes associated with VLCFA accumulation but also fatty acids and cholesterol changes were identified in deficient microglia. Ultrastructural investigations confirmed cytosolic lipid inclusions and an increased number of peroxisome and mitochondria. Transcriptomic profiles of deficient microglia are indicative of an impaired plasticity and an impaired capacity to operate the metabolic shift required upon an inflammatory stimulation. Peroxisomal defect is likely to affect phagocytosis and antigen presentation capacity of microglia. Peroxisomal lipid metabolism defect is also suggested to modify cell membranes organization. Altogether, these novel mutant cell lines represent a promising model that should permit identification of new therapeutic targets for this complex neurodegenerative disease.L’adrénoleucodystrophie liée à l’X (X-ALD) est une maladie neurodégénérative sévère caractérisée par une accumulation d’acides gras à très longue chaîne (AGTLC), conséquence d’un défaut de β-oxydation peroxysomale. La maladie est associée à l’absence de la protéine ABCD1, transporteur ABC du peroxysome qui, tout comme son homologue le plus proche, ABCD2, participe à l’import des AGTLC-CoA au sein du peroxysome, l’unique site de leur dégradation par β-oxydation. La compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques est aujourd’hui limitée par le manque de modèles expérimentaux pertinents, cellulaires ou animaux. Puisque le défaut peroxysomal dans la microglie apparait comme un événement pathogénique majeur, nous avons généré des lignées de cellules microgliales incapable de transporter et/ou β-oxyder les AGTLC au sein du peroxysome. Quatre lignées cellulaires microgliales BV-2 déficientes en ABCD1, ABCD2, ABCD1 et ABCD2 ou ACOX1 (l’enzyme limitante de la β-oxydation peroxysomale) ont ainsi été générées par édition génique par CRISPR-Cas9. Ces cellules déficientes présentent d’importants défauts biochimiques, une accumulation d’AGTLC mais aussi des changements des contenus en acides gras et cholestérol. Les analyses ultrastructurales effectuées démontrent l’existence d’importantes inclusions lipidiques et indiquent également une augmentation du nombre de peroxysomes et mitochondries dans ces cellules. Les profils transcriptomiques signalent des altérations de la plasticité de ces cellules microgliales et de leur capacité de reprogrammation métabolique en réponse à un stimulus inflammatoire. Les fonctions de phagocytose ou de présentation antigénique des cellules microgliales semblent être affectées par le défaut peroxysomal. Enfin, les résultats obtenus à l’aide de ces modèles suggèrent que l’altération du métabolisme lipidique peroxysomal modifie l’organisation des membranes cellulaires. Ces lignées cellulaires apparaissent donc comme des modèles prometteurs, d’un grand intérêt pour la compréhension de la physiopathologie et l’identification de cibles thérapeutiques de cette maladie neurodégénérative complexe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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