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How the name arnica was borrowed into Estonian
Get PDFThe name of the classical medicinal plant, mountain arnica (Arnica montana), was well known among Estonians at the end of the 19th century, although mountain arnica itself does not grow in Estonia. The folklore collection of the Estonian Folklore Archives indicates that the name was used to denote locally growing plants. The impulse for such renaming of local plants obviously came from popular medical books and almanacs published in Estonian in the 18th-19th centuries. The article discusses a particular example, arguing that foreign names were probably given to folk medicinal plants that were already effectively used. Many of them, however, had not received attention so far by pharmacological research
FIGURE. Scanned image of Callilepis salicifolia (Raal & Raal 1136, PRE). in A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa
No full textFIGURE. Scanned image of Callilepis salicifolia (Raal & Raal 1136, PRE).Published as part of Herman, Paul P.J., 2022, A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa, pp. 1-62 in Phytotaxa 563 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/707361
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM INVESTIGATION OF THE WATER AND ACETONITRILE SOLVENT WITH HEAVY HYDROCARBONS
Get PDFThermodynamics plays an important role for separation processes in chemical industries. Phase equilibrium is of special interest in chemical engineering as separation processes such as distillation and extraction involve phase contacting. The main focus of this research was the measurement of new phase equilibrium data for acetonitrile and water with heavy hydrocarbons that included: heptanoic acid, 1-nonanol, dodecane and 1-dodecene. Hence, binary vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE), liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) and vapour-liquid-liquid equilibrium (VLLE) data were investigated. The VLE and VLLE data were measured with the modified apparatus of Raal (Raal and Miihlbauer, 1998). The modification, undertaken by Ndlovu (2005), enabled measurement for VLLE systems. Isothermal binary VLE data for the (nonanol + 1-dodecene) system at 403.15 K was measured and VLLE data for the systems (acetonitrile + 1-dodecene) at 343.15 K, and (nonanol + water) at 353.15 K were investigated. The LLE data were measured with the modified apparatus of Raal and Brouckaert (1992). Th
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM AND ITS HEALING WITH HERBO-MEDICINAL OINTMENT MARHAM-E-RAAL – A CASE STUDY
Get PDFPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is one which is supposed to be a quickly growing and harshly devastating skin disease. Ulcers are frequently deep and painful, distinguished by aggressive (purple-colored) margins. The etiology of this disease is almost uncertain. The disease may be idiopathic or associated with some other chronic illness like inflammatory bowel disease; including Crohn\u27s disease, or hematological or rheumatic ailments. Basically it is supposed to be an auto-immune disease. If the disease is left untreated, the ulcers may last several months or few years. Treatment in modern medicine includes high doses of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. In our case series the patient of pyoderma gangrenosum who had taken the steroids in a high dose is treated with topical ointment i.e. Marham-e-raal and Unani immunomodulator drugs. A male patient of PG was taken into study and was given oral Unani formulations and a herbo-medicinal ointment; Marham-e-raal for local application for 1 month.
PG of lower limbs presents with burning and non healing chronic ulcers which are often resilient to healing either by steroids or antibiotics.
The optimal treatment of PG is oral use of Unani immune-modulators and topical application of Marham-e-raal. The patient was managed with the same treatment and within the follow up of 2 months; there was no sign of PG
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Õigusteaduslikke töid. XIII = Труды по правоведению
Get PDF• E. Raal. - Eesti NSV kehtiva kriminaalseadusandluse täiustamise ja arengu mõningaid küsimusi
• Резюме
• В. Лукашевич, Ю. Адоян. - Процессуальный порядок предъявления обвинения нуждается в дальнейшем совершенствовании
• Н. Saarsoo. - Kriminaalprotsessi osast alaealise õiguserikkuja isiksuse tundmaõppimisel
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• И. А. Ребане. - Самостоятельная работа студентов и криминологические исследования
• Р. Kask. - Isikliku omandiõiguse probleeme seoses elamuga
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• X. Сепп. - О предмете и месте права оперативного управления
• E.-J. Truuväli. - Mõningaid Eesti NSV kohtute tegevusega seotud küsimusi 1941. а.
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• Ю. А. Егоров. - К истории вольного города
• P. Vihalem. - Е. Uustalu retsensioonist Р. Vihalemi teosele "Eesti kodanlus imperialistide teenistuses (1917—1920)", Tallinn 1960
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• L. Saarnits. - Juhtimisteaduse põhimõtetest ja nende rakendamisest konkreetsete sotsiaalsete süsteemide juhtimisel
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• И. Г. Кулль, И. Я. Сильдмяэ, К. А. Ээремаа, Р. П. Нигол. - Об одной возможности формализации правовых норм
• Sisukord - Содержание
• Trükiviguhttp://www.ester.ee/record=b4294022*es
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Development of a dynamic still for measuring low pressure vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria : systems of partial liquid miscibility.
Get PDFThesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.The dynamic still originally designed by Raal (Raal and Muhlbauer [1998]) has been transformed into a valuable still that can now be used for measuring both low pressure vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) for systems that are completely miscible and vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria (VLLE) for systems that are partially miscible. The resultant equilibrium data are important in the design and analysis of distillation and allied separation process equipment, with VLLE data, in particular, being useful in the design of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation columns. The original Raal still was based on the designs of Heertjies [1960] and Yerazunis [1964], who successfully used a packed equilibrium chamber where the liquid and vapour phases are forced downward co-currently to achieve rapid and dynamic equilibrium (Joseph et al [2001]). Direct analysis of the vapour composition prior to condensation through a new heated valving system with superheated sample conveyance to a gas chromatograph, a modification incorporated into the Raal still, ensured that accurate and reproducible equilibrium data were obtained. This new arrangement dispenses with the impossible task of getting the actual vapour composition that would result were the vapours allowed to condense and form two liquid phases. The initial testing of the still which established the operating procedures was conducted on two previously measured systems - the first which was homogeneous and the second heterogeneous. For the homogeneous system the new vapour sampling system was tested by comparing the measured composition to that of a condensed sample sent manually to the GC using a gas-tight syringe. In order to completely describe the VLLE for the systems studied, the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for these systems were also measured. The LLE measurements were conducted in a newly-developed small jacketed glass cell with temperatures maintained constant by circulating water from a bath maintained at the desired temperatures. The main focus of this project was thus the development of an apparatus and procedures for measuring low pressure vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria. The project also went on to measuring and modeling VLE, VLLE and LLE data for selected binary and ternary systems. Both the Gamma-Phi and the Phi-Phi methods of VLE analysis were carried out on the measured data. The NRTL, Wilson, TK-Wi1son and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models were used in the Gamma- Phi method together with the Virial equation of state for vapour phase non-idealities. In the Phi-Phi method, The Peng and Robinson Equation of State (EOS), the Soave Redlich-Kwong EOS and the Stryjek and Vera modified Peng and Robinson EOS were all used, first with the classical mixing rules and then with the theoretically correct Wong and Sandler [1992] mixing rules. Ternary LLE binodal curves were correlated to the Hlavaty correlation, the beta function and the log gamma function while the corresponding tie-lines were fitted to the NRTL model
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