1,721,110 research outputs found
Progettazione tecnica e calcolo statico dei sistemi voltati in pietra da taglio
No full textIl presente lavoro è il primo risultato di un rapporto di collaborazione che si è sviluppato tra la Facoltà di Ingegneria dell’Università Sapienza di Roma e il Politecnico di Bari e, in particolare, tra i gruppi di ricerca guidati rispettivamente dal prof. Marco Ferrero e dal prof. Giuseppe Fallacara, autori della pubblicazione. Entrambi i gruppi svolgono da anni studi nel settore delle costruzioni in pietra. La collaborazione tra le due sedi ha permesso di far confluire le rispettive specifiche competenze, dando luogo a risultati originali che sono stati contestualmente verificati tramite l’attività degli studenti del laboratorio progettuale. Le conclusioni del lavoro mostrano come i materiali lapidei possano avere un ruolo, nell’architettura contemporanea, che va oltre quello, ormai comune, delle finiture. La combinazione delle tradizionali regole stereotomiche con gli attuali programmi di modellazione e calcolo strutturale consente alla pietra, opportunamente armata, di offrire nuove possibilità nella sua antica funzione portant
Natural materials for thermal insulation and passive cooling application
No full textIn this chapter a critical analysis about natural materials to enhance energy performance and thermal comfort in indoor and outdoor spaces is dealt with. In particular, thermal insulation and passive cooling application in buildings are analyzed. The physical properties permitting to achieve these benefits are presented, as well as the method and the international standards to measure them. Benefits deriving from these materials’ employment as insulation layers or buildings envelope in general of, or in the case of urban paving, are described and then the single materials are illustrated.Experimental and numerical data, as reported in the bibliography, support the dissertation with examples from the most recent research contributions
Tactical urban pocket parks (TUPPs) for subjective and objective multi-domain comfort enhancement
Full text linkCities face growing anthropogenic overheating phenomena, such as Urban Heat Island Effect and more intense and frequent heatwaves, impacting livability and wellbeing of local citizens and tourists. To mitigate such effects, passive mitigation strategies have been widely studied in the past decades, to be integrated within the built environment. The insertion of green areas, i.e. parks, in urban areas is among the most common passive strategies, however it presents numerous challenges, as traditional parks are difficult to insert in an existing packed urban texture. Hence, in this study, we examine the significance of strategic small urban parks related to various construction types. These parks can be seamlessly integrated through tactical urbanism interventions to enhance both the objective and subjective perception of overall comfort. By coupling human-centric microclimate monitoring campaigns in the small parks and surrounding blocks (objective analysis) with questionnaire surveys to parks' users (subjective multidomain analysis) we aim at assessing their effectiveness. Results show that Tactical Urban Pocket Parks (TUPP) can slightly improve objective whole comfort and significantly enhance the improvement of subjective comfort (from neutral/bad to good/very good)
Environmental, social and economic sustainability in urban areas: a cool materials' perspective
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Economy, business and land use section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie socio-economic relationships between firms and territories. The present note tackles the topic of cool materials for urban areas, as a mitigation strategy to counteract climate-change related issues. The most recent developments about cool materials demonstrate how they can boost environmental, social and economic sustainability and resilience in urban areas
Cool, photoluminescent paints towards energy consumption reductions in the built environment
Full text linkNowadays, passive strategies are identified among the preferred solutions to reduce energy consumption and to increase comfort in the built environment. Indeed, such strategies allow energy saving by exploiting the intrinsic characteristics of materials. In this work, an innovative cool, photoluminescent paint is considered for application in the built environment, as a passive strategy to (i) reduce energy for cooling in the hot season, (ii) maintain lower surface and air temperatures, thus benefiting comfort and (iii) contribute to the lighting of the outdoor public space. The cool, photoluminescent material is first described, then its implementation in the built environment is hypothesized. An experimental, in-lab characterization is conducted to measure the optics characteristics of the samples. Finally, possible implementation of the investigated material in the built environment is investigated by means of dynamic simulation, in terms of thermal- and lighting-energy performance, when applied on the external envelope of a case study building and as an advanced paving solution in a public space. Results from this preliminary study show that the investigated material has promising features, since it can save up to 30% energy for cooling and 27% yearly energy for lighting
Adapting towards resilience. Analysis of the construction features and dynamic energy performance of amphibious and floating houses
Full text linkIn the current scenario where urban areas are exposed to extreme climate phenomena, resilience of cities and buildings becomes fundamental.
Thus, not only defensive, traditional actions, but also alternative solutions towards resilience need to be implemented. Amphibious and floating houses, still not investigated in literature, allow the building to adapt to water presence due to their specific construction and technical properties.
Here, we consider such buildings’ typologies under the construction and thermal-energy performance lenses, by means of yearly dynamic energy simulations
Integrated thermal-energy analysis of innovative translucent white marble for building envelope application
No full textMarble is a natural and precious material, which has been used in construction field since ancient times. It has always been used as massive construction element, and its peculiar aspect gave the idea of monumentality and solidity. Nowadays new technologies permits to the marble to express new languages: in particular, translucent marble technology overturns the concept of solidity. The main problematic limiting the diffusion of this application is the lack of thermal energy efficiency of the stone element as the only façade component, due to its reduced thickness. On the other hand, this element could bring advantages to the energy performance of the building, if carefully applied. In fact, Bianco Carrara and Statuario marble for instance could be considered as naturally cool materials for their intrinsic light color and high thermal emissivity. In this perspective, this paper analyzes the combined energy aspects of thin marble as external envelope skin for a new designed building for arts activities located in New York City. An integrated analysis of the energy performance of the marble skin is performed by mean of an experimental characterization of solar transmittance, absorbance, reflectance and thermal emissivity. These measurements are carried out for two different types of white marble, in order to achieve a comparison assessment. Therefore, the thermal-energy assessment of the building is carried out in a dynamic simulation environment, in order to evaluate the year-round benefits and penalties of translucent marble envelope for indoor thermal comfort and air-conditioning requirement
Application of a digital framework towards the comprehension and restoration of the thin marble envelope of the ‘Casa delle Armi’ built cultural heritage
No full text"Casa delle Armi” by Luigi Moretti (1934-37), is the first modern building in Rome cladded in marble; its cladding was a reference for the architectural production in Italy, before the Second World War. The envelope is nowadays in need of urgent restoration. However, the strategy of intervention is not yet clear, due to technical problems and conflicting requirements.
This manuscript develops the so-called "Informative Abacus" to propose a theoretical framework towards the restoration challenge, by exploiting the digital possibilities related to Building Information Modelling (BIM), towards a comprehension of the history of each slab composing the envelope. The framework is the basis for comprehensive analyses aimed at restoration: simultaneous costs/benefits, construction and design evaluations could be conducted to guide the strategy of intervention. The aim is also to allow for the enjoyment of the asset for tourism, towards sharing of such an important historical heritage, both digitally and in-person
Experiences and considerations on the reduction and reuse of stone waste while optimizing their thermal energy performance for the building sector
No full textThe challenges connected to environmental sustainability are growing in importance
in present days, given the global concerns about climate change and warming of our
Planet surface. Construction sector accounts for up to 40% for global energy consumption
and 50% for raw materials employment, therefore it has a large potential
in mitigating such consumptions and consequently these impacts at a global level.
Stone materials are natural materials and have been employed all along human history
as construction materials, however innovative applications and technologies can be
analyzed in order to optimize both the (i) quantity of employed material, to reduce
extraction and waste and (ii) energy performance when applied in the built environment.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct an overview on the researches on
this topic, conducted by the research group composed by the authors. Thin marble
panels for building envelope application and aggregates for urban roofing and paving
were taken into account. In lab and in situ experimental analyses were conducted,
as well as dynamic simulations to investigate energy performance of buildings employing
these technologies. Results show the advantages to optimize the application
of these stone construction elements accordingly to their intrinsic characteristic
On the thermal and visual pedestrians' perception about cool natural stones for urban paving. A field survey in summer conditions
No full textWhile cool materials are widely acknowledged for lowering surface and air temperatures, mitigating Urban Heat Island, reducing emissions imputable to active cooling systems in buildings, concerns arise about their impact on pedestrians' thermal and visual perception. These materials are typically applied on roofs, urban paving and building envelope: when the application is on non-usable spaces for pedestrians, it represents a win-win solution, since it decreases thermal stresses with no penalties for pedestrians. Instead, if the cool surface is installed over a passage area, glare and thermal radiative stress could affect pedestrians' comfort perception. In this work, a naturally cool, light colored stone is considered in the form of aggregates with varying grain size for cool roofing and paving application. Therefore, given its intrinsic passive cooling effect, this paper wants to experimentally investigate if such sustainable and cost effective material can create sensible thermal/visual discomfort perceived by pedestrians. To this aim, pedestrians' perception is investigated by means of in-situ survey and continuous monitoring in summer variable weather conditions, by taking into account several paving systems, i.e. grassland, asphalt, natural stones, and the investigated cool stone aggregates. The study demonstrated how in hot and sunny weather conditions, pedestrians prefer grassland, while asphalt is the least favorite material in any case. Cool gravel based surface does not produce thermal discomfort but it produces some visual discomfort due to glare issue, only in sunny weather conditions. In fact, variable weather conditions significantly affect pedestrians' sensitivity and their preference, also in the same summer season
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