1,721,110 research outputs found
Interactions between microplastics and microbiota in a One Health perspective
No full textMicroplastics are recognised as ubiquitous pollutants as they are now
found in all terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The interactions between
microbiota and microplastics are an issue of fundamental importance in
studying and maintaining global health. Microplastics alter the
structures and functions of microbial communities, resulting in adverse
health effects. A comprehensive understanding of these effects through
interdisciplinary research is essential to mitigate pollution and
protect the health of ecosystems. The review aims to explore these
interactions within a One Health framework. Indeed, a deeper
understanding of the processes involved in the interaction between
microbiota and microplastics could pave the way for new and promising
strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of microplastics on
ecosystems and human health
Occurrence of ochratoxin A in typical salami produced in different regions of Italy
Full text linkA total of 172 different salamis were purchased from farms and small salami factories located in four Italian regions (Piedmont, Veneto, Calabria, and Sicily) and analyzed for the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA). Analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorimetric detector (HPLC-FLD). The detection limit (LOD) for the method used was 0.05 μg/kg, while the quantitation limit (LOQ) was 0.20 μg/kg; the average recovery rate was 89.1%. OTA was detected in 22 salamis, and 3 samples exceeded the Italian guidance value for OTA in pork meat (1 μg/kg). In particular, what emerges from this research is the high percentage of spicy salamis among positive samples (68.2%, 15 out of 22), although spicy salamis are only 27.3% of the total number of samples collected and analyzed. Red chili pepper contaminated by OTA could be responsible for the presence of the mycotoxin in these spicy salamis. It follow that, also the control of some ingredients used in the manufacture of these meat products, like spices, should not be neglected
Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine and Public Health
No full textAnimal productions, and populations, have been rapidly expanding over the last decades, forcing the ever-closer coexistence of human beings and domestic animals on our yet “narrow” planet [...
Mannanoligosaccharides and Aflatoxin B1 in feed for laying hens: effects on egg quality, Aflatoxin B1 and M1 residues in eggs, and Aflatoxin B1 levels in liver
No full textNinety-six laying hens were allocated to 4
groups and fed diets (control diet (0-0), diet supplemented
with 2.5 ppm aflatoxin B1 (0-AF); diet supplemented
with 0.11% mannanoligosaccharide (MOS-0); diet
supplemented with 0.11% MOS and 2.5 ppm aflatoxin B1
(MOS-AF) for 4 wk to evaluate the effect of aflatoxin
B1 (AFB1), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), or both on egg
quality and the in vivo efficacy of MOS to interact with
an oral administration of AFB1. After 2 and 3 wk, egg
weight decreased (P < 0.05) in the group fed MOS-0 versus
groups on 0-0 and 0-AF. Egg shell weight was lower (P
< 0.05) in the group fed 0-AF. Aflatoxin influenced color
(Key words: laying hen, aflatoxin B1, mannanoligosaccharide, egg, residue)
parameters, which were probably related to interference
of AFB1 with lipid metabolism and pigmentary substances
deposition in yolk. MOS appeared to increase
protein percentage in albumen.
No AFB1 or aflatoxin M1 (AFM1; a polar metabolite of
AFB1) residues were found in eggs of the experimental
groups. Livers from groups 0-0 and MOS-0 always tested
negative for AFB1 and AFM1. Differences (P < 0.01) were
found between AFB1 hepatic levels of group 0-AF (mean
± SD: 4.13 ± 1.95 ppb) and group MOS-AF (mean ± SD:
2.21 ± 1.37 ppb). The data demonstrated the ability ofMOS
to adsorb and degrade AFB1, reducing gastrointestinal
absorption of AFB1 and its levels in tissues
Ochratoxin A in artisan salami produced in Veneto (Italy)
Full text linkFifty samples of artisan salami purchased in Veneto (Italy) were analysed for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA). The analytical method, based on a sample preparation procedure with immunoaffinity columns (IACs), together with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD), has guaranteed a high rate of recovery (about 97%), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, of 0.06 μg kg−1 and 0.20 μg kg−1. OTA was detected in five samples, but only one exceeded the guideline value (1 μg kg−1) established by the Italian Ministry of Health for pork meat and derived products. The results would seem to suggest that salami made with the traditional, non-industrial production method can be considered safe as regards contamination by OTA. However, the very high concentration observed in one sample proves that a high OTA contamination is also possible in this type of product. Thus, the controls of mycotoxin contamination must consider also salami
Occurrence of Ochratoxin-A in typical salami produced in Campania (Italy): preliminary data
No full textOccurrence of aflatoxin M1 in conventional and organic milk offered for sale in Italy
Full text linkIn the present study, 58 samples of milk were analyzed
for the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The samples
were purchased during the period April–May 2013 in a random
manner from local stores (supermarkets, small retail
shops, small groceries, and specialized suppliers) located in
the surrounding of Bologna (Italy). The commercial samples
of milk were either organic (n = 22) or conventional (n = 36);
fresh milk samples and UHT milk samples, whole milk samples,
and partially skim milk samples were present in both the
two considered categories. For the quantification of AFM1 in
milk, the extraction-purification technique based on the use of
immunoaffinity columns was adopted and analyses were performed
using HPLC-FD. AFM1 was detected in 35 samples,
11 from organic production and 24 from conventional production.
No statistically (P > 0.05) significant differences were
observed in the concentration of AFM1 in the two categories
of product. The levels of contamination found in the positive
samples ranged between 0.009 and 0.026 ng mL−1. No sample
exceeded the limit defined at community level for AFM1 in
milk (0.05 μg kg−1). This demonstrates the effectiveness of
the checks before the placing on the market of these food
products. Thus, the Baflatoxins^ problem that characterized
the summer of 2012 does not seem to have had effect on the
contamination level of the considered milk samples
Diagnosis and control of brucellosis through food: The contribution of omics sciences
No full textMore than 60 percent of emerging infectious diseases in humans are zoonoses, and about 70 percent of these come from wildlife. In this context, infectious diseases in animals are no longer a problem confined to the livestock and animal health sector but have important repercussions in public health-related risk assessment and management. One of the most relevant risks in the transmission of zoonoses is certainly the consumption of food contaminated with pathogens, especially because of the potential epidemiological relevance of foodborne outbreaks. Brucellosis represents one of the most prevalent zoonoses worldwide and one of the most important foodborne zoonoses, particularly in the Mediterranean and developing countries; The European Union has funded numerous eradication and control programs in at-risk herds. This review aims to analyze current diagnostic methods used in the detection of Brucella in food matrices. It will highlight issues related to the timing and specificity of classical diagnostic methods while also analyzing new diagnostic methods in the current literature. The focus of this work is on emphasizing the potential that integrated omics sciences have in developing early and highly sensitive diagnostic tools. It analyzes strengths and weaknesses and underscores, through a review of recent scientific articles in the “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” databases, the importance of current and future research, especially those based on an omics approach, in providing fundamental biological data and knowledge. This, in turn, could play a crucial role in designing innovative diagnostic tests to complement those currently in use
Proteomica
No full textQuesto volume è frutto di un’iniziativa emersa dall’esigenza di molti docenti, e qui Autori, che necessitavano di un libro completo di proteomica da adottare in diversi corsi universitari. Il testo è diviso in sezioni, che potrebbero corrispondere a moduli di corso: una parte più generale, una sezione che presenta i diversi metodi, una sezione molto più approfondita ed, infine, una parte finale più specifica, che si occupa di particolari procedure e della rielaborazione dei risultati proteomici. Il docente potrà quindi scegliere se adottarle tutte o inserirle in diversi corsi, a seconda delle proprie necessità e di quelle dei suoi studenti
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