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Sintesis, Karakterisasi Dan Pengujian Aktivitas Antimikroba Nanopartikel Zno
No full textNanoteknologi dapat didefinisikan sebagai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan material, system dan proses yang dioperasikan pada skala 100 nanometer (nm) atau lebih kecil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari sintesis dan karakterisasi nanopartikel ZnO (ZnO-NPs) yang disintesis dengan menggunakan metode presipitasi. Seng nitrat digunakan sebagai bahan baku, sodium hidroksida digunakan sebagai reduktor dan biopolimer pektin sebagai capping agent. ZnO-NPs disintesis dengan menggunakan beberapa perlakuan yaitu sintesis menggunakan tiga suhu yang berbeda (60, 80 dan 100°C) selama 2 jam dan dengan perlakuan kalsinasi (500°C). Hasil pengukuran partikel dengan menggunakan PSA menunjukkan bahwa sampel tanpa kalsinasi (T60, T80, dan T100) mempunyai ukuran partikel masing-masing 105.13, 78.53 dan 76.43nm, sedangkan pada sampel yang dikalsinasi (T60C, T80C dan T100C) masing masing mempunyai ukuran partikel 88.73, 44.30, dan 543.77nm. Dari hasil pengukuran PSA diketahui bahwa sintesis ZnO-NPs dengan menggunakan suhu 80°C dan kalsinasi (T80C) menghasilkan ukuran partikel paling kecil. Sampel T80C selanjutnya dianalisis dengan XRD, SEM dan pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dibandingkan dengan ZnO-NPs komersial. Analisis XRD menunjukkan terbentuknya nanostruktur ZnO-NPs murni pada ZnO-NPs T80C. Hasil analisa SEM menunjukkan ZnO-NPs yang terbentuk mempunyai bentuk spherical. Nanopartikel ZnO T80C memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang luas (Broadspectrum) dan aktif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri gram negatif, bakteri gram positif, khamir dan kapang. Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba ZnONPs T80C dibandingkan dengan NPs komersial menunjukkan bahwa NPs T80C mempunyai aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan NPs komersial
Sintesis Nanopartikel ZnO dan Aplikasinya sebagai Edible Coating Berbasis Pektin untuk Memperpanjang Umur Simpan Buah Belimbing
Get PDFABSTRAKNanopartikel ZnO (NP-ZnO) merupakan partikel yang mempunyai aktivitas antimikroba cukup luas yaitu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Gram negatif, Gram positif, khamir dan kapang. Nanopartikel ZnO dapat digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan untuk memperbaiki sifat mekanik dan fungsional dari edible coating yang berbasis pektin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh edible coating pektin+NP-ZnO terhadap masa simpan buah belimbing. Nanopartikel disintesis dengan metode presipitasi menggunakan tiga suhu pemanasan yang berbeda yaitu 60, 80 dan 100°C selama 2 jam dan ditanur pada suhu 500°C selama 5 jam. Nanopartikel yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel ZnO telah terbentuk dengan adanya puncak pada panjang gelombang 474 cm-1. Suhu sintesis nanopartikel ZnO terbaik adalah 800C dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 43.1 nm. Hasil analisis SEM memperlihatkan bahwa nanopartikel yang terbentuk mempunyai morfologi bulat. Hasil uji antimikroba dengan metode Total Plate Count (TPC) memperlihatkan nanopartikel ZnO dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus cereus, Escherichia Coli dan kapang Penicillium Sp. Aplikasi edible coating pektin+ Nanopartikel ZnO 1% pada buah belimbing memperlihatkan penurunan susut bobot, menjaga warna buah lebih stabil dan mencegah kerusakan buah yang ditimbulkan kapang selama delapan hari penyimpanan. Kata kunci: nanopartikel ZnO, edible coating, antimikroba, umur simpan, belimbin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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