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MANAJEMEN KONFLIK BERBASIS SERVANT LEADERSHIP PADA ORDINARIATUS CASTRENSIS INDONESIA
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan menemukan pemaknaan mendalam manajemen konflik berbasis kepemimpinan pelayan di Ordinariatus Castrensis Indonesia. Penelitian bertema “Manajemen Konflik Berbasis Servant Leadership pada Ordinariatus Castrensis Indonesia” ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan ethnography yang dihimpun berdasarkan observasi, wawancara, dan Focus Group Discussion dengan para prajurit, perwira, purnawirawan, dan Pegawai Negeri Sipil di lingkungan TNI/Polri beragama Katolik yang merupakan warga Ordinariatus Castrensis Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Dalam perspektif warga Ordinariatus Castrensis Indonesia (OCI), konflik adalah sebuah keniscayaan di dalam kehidupan manusia. Ditemukan beberapa klasifikasi konflik, yaitu konflik : a).karena perbedaan pendapat, pandangan dan keyakinan; b). berkaitan dengan profesi dan tugas prajurit di lapangan; c). karena perbedaan minoritas dan mayoritas; d). karena ujaran kebencian; dan e) dalam rumah tangga. Ketika konflik bereskalasi kekerasan, maka konflik harus dikelola secara bijak melalui manajemen konflik. 2) Spirit pelayanan yang dihayati warga OCI bersumber pada nilai universal Kristiani seperti kasih, pelayanan, kelembutan, kebenaran, keadilan, damai sejahtera, harmoni, belarasa, dan solidaritas. Nilai-nilai ini secara efektif dapat ditransformasi anggota OCI dalam kehidupan bersama. 3) Penerapan manajemen konflik di OCI merujuk pada ajaran Katolik yang menempatkan hukum cinta kasih, persaudaraan dan pengampunan sebagai yang utama. 4) Manajemen Konflik berbasis kepemimpinan pelayan sangat efektif dalam meresolusi konflik karena digerakan oleh spirit Iman yang berkualifikasi melayani dalam damai. 5) Kepemimpinan yang ideal dalam menyelesaikan konflik adalah kepemimpinan pelayan melalui pendekatan kemanusiaan yang diyakini dapat menghasilkan rekonsiliasi dan damai yang berkelanjutan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada kepemimpinan pelayan dapat menjadi basis yang kuat dalam mengelimininasi konflik, serta memiliki elemen utama sangat penting dan strategis dalam manajemen konflik yang bermuara pada rekonsiliasi damai. Melalui ”Dinamika Manajemen Konflik Berbasis Servant Leadership”, peneliti menemukan empat tahapan me-manage konflik . Pertama, mengusahakan adanya nilai saling percaya , pengampunan, empati, dan kerendahan hati dari pihak yang berkonflik (termasuk organisasi yang sudah berbudaya damai). Kedua, pihak yang berkonflik (juga komunitas berbudaya damai) memastikan pengampunan, saling percaya, empati dan rendah hati dilakukan secara serentak, bekerja sama, dibiasakan, dan dipraktikkan dalam hidup sehari-hari. Ketiga, pihak yang berkonflik menjalankan kepemimpinan yang melayani sebagai pengikat empat elemen tersebut. Keteladanan kepemimpinan pelayan dengan pendekatan kemanusiaan dapat menggerakkan pihak yang berkonflik (inspirasi dan teladan) untuk memiliki empat keutamaan tersebut. Keempat, melakukan manajemen konflik berbasis kepemimpinan pelayan. Empat elemen utama Servant Leadership berkekuatan positif akhirnya menjadi satu kesatuan utuh yang mewujudkan rekonsiliasi dan damai berkelanjutan sebagai muara dari manajemen konflik.
Kata kunci: Konflik, Manajemen Konflik, Rekonsiliasi dan Damai, Kepemimpinan Pelayan.
This main objective of this study was to find in-depth meanings of conflict management based on servant leadership at the Ordinariatus Castrensis Indonesia (OCI). The theme of this research is "Conflict Management Based on Servant Leadership in Ordinariatus Castrensis Indonesia". This research used a qualitative method with an ethnography approach compiled based on observations, interviews, and Focus Group Discussions. The main participants for this study are soldiers, officers, retired officers, and Civil Servants in the Catholic TNI/Polri environment who are members of Ordinariatus Castrensis Indonesia. The results showed: 1) In the perspective of the citizens of Ordinariatus Castrensis Indonesia (OCI), conflict is a necessity in human life. There are several classifications on conflict, namely: a) Conflicts due to differences of opinion, views, and beliefs; b) Conflicts relating to the profession and duties of soldiers in the field; c) Conflicts because of differences in minorities and majorities; d) Conflicts because of the utterance of hatred; and e) Conflicts in the household. When conflicts escalate violence, conflicts must be managed wisely through conflict management. 2) The spirit of service lived by OCI residents is based on universal Christian values such as love, service, gentleness, truth, justice, peace, harmony, compassion, and solidarity. These values can be effectively transformed by OCI members in life together. 3) The application of conflict management in OCI refers to Catholic teaching, which places the law of love, brotherhood, and forgiveness first. 4) Conflict management based on servant leadership is very effective in revolutionizing conflict because it is driven by a spirit of faith that is qualified to serve in peace. 5) The ideal leadership in resolving conflicts is servant leadership through a humanitarian approach that is believed to produce sustainable reconciliation and peace. The novelty of this research lies in servant leadership can be a strong basis in eliminating conflict. Servant leadership also has a critical and strategic main element in conflict management that leads to peaceful reconciliation. Through "The Dynamics of Conflict Management Based on Servant Leadership," researchers found four stages of managing conflict. First, to seek the value of mutual trust, forgiveness, empathy, and humility of the conflicting parties (including organizations that are already civilized). Second, the opposing parties (as well as the peaceful, civilized community) ensure that forgiveness, mutual trust, empathy, and humility are carried out simultaneously, working together, accustomed to, and practiced in daily life. Third, the conflicting parties exercise leadership, which serves as a binder to these four elements. Exemplary servant leadership with a humanitarian approach can move the contradictory parties (inspiration and role models) to have these four virtues. Fourth, conduct conflict management based on servant leadership. The four main elements of positive strength Servant Leadership finally become a unified whole that embodies sustainable reconciliation and peace as an estuary of conflict management.
Keywords: Conflict, Conflict Management, Peace and Reconsiliation, Servant Leadership
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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