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Una comunità con le sbarre. Etnografia di un Istituto a Custodia Attenuata per il Trattamento dei Tossicodipendenti
No full textLa presente dissertazione costituisce il primo studio specificatamente dedicato al funzionamento del circuito penitenziario differenziato per il trattamento dei tossicodipendenti all’interno del contesto italiano (ICATT). Lo scopo principale è quello di comprendere se la pena detentiva, in una modalità attenuata e in un contesto in cui la presenza di operatori sanitari è molto consistente, possa fornire o meno una risposta adeguata ai bisogni dei detenuti tossicodipendenti.
L’ottica con cui viene affrontato l’argomento di interesse è fortemente interdisciplinare, al confine tra la criminologia e la psicologia critica.
La prima parte della tesi è dedicata all’analisi della costruzione sociale della figura del tossicodipendente tra processi di medicalizzazione e criminalizzazione, arrivando poi ad affrontare più nel dettaglio il legame tra tossicodipendenza e carcere. Particolare attenzione viene riservata al contesto normativo italiano e ai cambiamenti conseguenti alla riforma della sanità penitenziaria.
La parte empirica presenta invece uno studio etnografico, della durata di 18 mesi, all’interno di uno specifico contesto di studio (l’ICATT di Padova). Il materiale analizzato include osservazioni partecipanti, interviste dialogiche e materiale documentale.
I risultati suggeriscono l’inadeguatezza della pena detentiva per i detenuti tossicodipendenti, per i quali è molto complesso poter intraprendere un percorso di riabilitazione e risocializzazione attraverso la segregazione in un ambiente che risulta privo di risorse e di adeguata assistenza sanitaria.This doctoral dissertation constitutes the first study specifically focused on the functioning of differentiated penitentiary circuits for drug-addicted convicts in Italy (ICATT). The main aim of the research is to understand if the prison sentence, within a minimum-security prison where the presence of social and health workers is consistent, can represent a valid solution to cope with drug-addicted convicts’ needs. I try to adopt an interdisciplinary perspective inspired both by critical criminology and critical psychology. The first part of the thesis, after having analysed the social construction of the “dope fiend” through medicalisation and criminalisation processes, explores the link between drug addiction and the prison sentence. Particular attention is dedicated to the Italian regulatory framework, especially concerning the changes resulting from the recent prison healthcare reform. The second part of the thesis presents the empirical part of the research, that relies on participant observations, interviews and documentary material collected during the 18-months of ethnographic research I have conducted in one minimum-security prison for drug-addicted convicts of northern Italy. Results suggest the inadequacy of prison sentence for the treatment of drug-addicted convicts. Indeed, for them, it appears very complicated to positively complete a rehabilitation or re-socialisation process while being segregated in a context that is lacking in resources and adequate health care
“Sono serva del Signore” o “L’utero è mio”? Prospettive a confronto.
Full text linkIl pensiero femminista, fin dalle sue origini, è sempre stato ostacolato da retoriche politiche, religiose e sociali reazionarie fermamente intenzionate a mantenere una narrazione egemone dei ruoli di genere. In contrapposizione alla creazione e al mantenimento di rigidi modelli basati su ideologie e teorizzazioni che vorrebbero la donna “moglie, madre e angelo del focolare”, è emersa anche una particolare forma di pensiero femminista, di matrice fortemente essenzialista, nota come pensiero della differenza sessuale. Il pensiero della differenza sessuale, teorizzato dalla filosofa e psicoanalista Luce Irigaray (1985), e che annovera Luisa Muraro e Adriana Cavarero (1987) tra le sue massime esponenti italiane, trova elementi di conciliazione tra il pensiero femminista e il credo cristiano cattolico, generalmente separati in maniera radicale.
Con questa ricerca abbiamo voluto esplorare le tematiche della corporeità, della fede e della concezione del femminismo in catechiste e femministe, per avviare un dibattito su quelli che sono gli attuali posizionamenti delle rappresentanti delle due parti in analisi
Representations of Death Among Italian Vegetarians: An Ethnographic Research on Environment, Disgust and Transcendence
Full text linkThis paper focuses on the motives for vegetarian choices in contemporary Italian food culture, with specific reference to the role of the representations of death. The study adopts a qualitative research design aimed at an in-depth exploration of the reasons for avoiding meat, following an ethnographic method. Twenty-two participants (55% women, 45% men) aged 19-74, all vegetarians or vegans, mainly from Northern and Central Italy, were involved. Data from the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis were examined according to the qualitative thematic analysis: the results show the role of death in the construction of disgust towards meat, running parallel with an emphasis on spirituality, ethical treatment of animals and the environment as reasons for avoiding meat, in particular, the concern-generating disgust and its relationship with the representation of death as a contaminating essence. The basis of disgust lies in this connection, from which the idea that oral consumption of contaminants characterized by corruptive properties, passing through the flesh of dead animals to humans, derives. The role of anti-speciesism is considered as a latent perspective, which may influence the vegetarian and vegan choices
Courage and representations of death in patients who are waiting for a liver transplantation
Full text linkContext: In the last decade, a wide literature has highlighted the importance of religiosity as support of severe illnesses, especially the oncological ones, and in the end of life. In the field of the liver transplant there is a lack of similar research. This article aims to bridge this gap and presents an exploratory study on the relationships between fear of death, courage and religiosity among patients who wait for liver transplant.
Method: Sixty-two participants awaiting a liver transplant were interviewed with regard to their quality of life, religiosity, ontological representations and fear of death, courage and fear of intervention, donor-related thoughts. The following instruments were utilized: a specific interview; the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36); the Testoni Death Representation Scale (TDRS) and the Courage Measure.
Results: Patients reporting higher levels of fear for intervention showed less courage and were more likely to avoid the surgery. They also tended to be non-believers, to have a lower quality of life, and to represent death as an absolute annihilation.
Conclusions: The less death was represented as a passage, the stronger the avoidance behaviour and the fear of transplant were. Since it is possible to develop a positive thought about death, the study underlined how the spiritual support could be useful to manage fear of transplantation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cyberbullying and traditional bullying involvement among heterosexual and non-heterosexual adolescents, and their associations with age and gender
Full text linkTraditional (offline) bullying and cyberbullying involvement are associated with severe psychosocial problems. Non-heterosexual (LGBQ) youth are more often victimized by traditional bullying than heterosexual (non-LGBQ) youth, but little research is available on LGBQ youth's cyberbullying victimization and perpetration rates. Moreover, rates may differ by youth's age and gender, and victimization may be higher for sexual forms of cyberbullying.
A cross-sectional, school-based survey was conducted in Flanders, Belgium among 1037 adolescents aged 12–18 years. Traditional and cyberbullying involvement were measured using validated single items for each type of involvement (victimization, perpetration), and complemented with items on specific types of cyberbullying victimization (by messaging and posts; by sexual images; by personally embarrassing images). Sexual orientation was determined based on sexual attraction. Logistic regression analyses were conducted, corrected for age and gender.
LGBQ youth were more often victimized by traditional victimization than non-LGBQ youth and more often perpetrator of cyberbullying. No gender differences were found, and no increased rates of traditional bullying perpetration were noted once interaction effects with age and gender were taken into account. A significant interaction effect was found with age for traditional victimization, cyberbullying victimization, and cyberbullying victimization by messaging/posts and by sexual images: these prevalence rates were higher among older LGBQ youth but decreased or remained stable among non-LGBQ youth with age.
This study highlights the need for tailored prevention and intervention programs specific for LGBQ youth in late adolescence, whereas most current programs are targeted at early adolescence when there is a peak in victimization for the general population
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