80 research outputs found
Global Interpretation of Image Classification Models via SEmantic Feature Analysis (SEFA)
No full textDeep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on several image classification tasks over the past years. Several studies claim to approach or even surpass human-levels of performance when using such models to classify images. However, these architectures are notoriously complex, thus making their interpretation a challenge. This limited interpretability, in turn, leads to several issues, such as restricting their applicability to critical domains like health care and finance.Several methods in literature attempt to address this issue by providing local explanations which describe individual predictions or global ones that explain the model behaviour for a specific class. When focusing on global methods, we notice that they are limited with respect to the interpretability queries that they answer. For instance, consider we want to query whether the simultaneous presence of two objects is associated with predicting a specific class. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing method that can tackle such a query type due to their limited expressivity. In this thesis, we address this limitation by answering the following research question: to what extent can image classification models be interpreted by analysing semantic features extracted from groups of salient image pixels?We begin our study by investigating existing research work to devise the ideal characteristics that an interpretability method should adhere to. Our analysis highlights the aforementioned gap regarding the query complexity that existing methods cover. To address this limitation, we propose a new global interpretability method called SEmantic Feature Analysis (SEFA). To elaborate, it combines explanations of individual image predictions with semantic descriptions provided by human annotators about them, thus extracting the aforementioned semantic features. We argue that by analysing a structured data representation extracted out of semantic features will allow us to answer a wider range of interpretability queries compared to existing methods. The proposed method poses several challenges, such as identifying the number of image annotations required to obtain reliable results at a reasonable annotation cost.Our results show that SEFA provides its users with the flexibility to answer several types of interpretability queries, including the ones that we found existing methods to be lacking. Further experimentation on its hyperparameters using three separate image classification tasks provides us with a set of suggested settings that one should use on similar datasets. Finally, we showcase the ability of SEFA to output semantic features relevant to the model classification behaviour by fine-tuning existing model architectures on biased datasets and evaluating whether the salient semantic features output describe the previous bias.Computer Science | Data Science and Technolog
Resim iş öğretmen adaylarının kendini gerçekleştirme algıları
No full textKendini gerçekleştirme kavramı gerek psikoloji literatüründe ve gerekse gündelik dilde çok kullanılan kavramlardan biridir. Bu kavramı ortaya atan hümanisttik psikologlardır. Onlara göre bireylere yetenek ve üretkenliklerini ortaya çıkarabilecek imkan ve ortamlar sağlanırsa her birey kendi içindeki potansiyeli ortaya çıkarma ve üretken olma eğitimindedir. Maslow kendini gerçekleştiren insanın on bir özelliğini belirlemiştir. Bu çalışmada da bu on bir özellik temel alınarak, resim-iş öğretmenliğinde eğitim gören 19 öğrenciye kendilerini gerçekleştirme hedefleri sorulmuş ve bunları yazmaları istenmiştir. Cevaplar içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş ve 18 ana tema, 2 alt tema ve 2 dominant tema belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin çalışmaya büyük bir gönüllülükle katıldıkları ve içerik açısından çok zengin cevaplar verdikleri görülmüştür. Özellikle de yaratıcılık başlığı altında çok ilginç cevaplar verdikleri, mesleklerini sevdikleri ve bu alanda özgün ürünler vermek istedikleri görülmüştür. Yine cevaplarda toplumsal gelişmeyi önceledikleri, topluma sanatı sevdirmek istediklerini ve iyi birer öğretmen olmak istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Kavramsal olarak bazı öğrencilerin kendini gerçekleştirme hedeflerine ulaştıkları görülürken, diğerlerinde bu sürecin devam ettiği görülmüştür.The concept of self-actualization is widely used in psychology literature as well as in daily life. The term was first introduced to humanistic psychologists. According to them, when the appropriate conditions are provided to the individuals, they can utilize their inner potential and become productive individuals. Maslow listed 11 features of self-actualized people. By using these 11 characteristics, 19 art teacher candidates were asked to write about their self- actualization goals. The responses were analyzed by content analysis. The results reveled 18 main theme, 2 sub-theme, and 2 dominant themes. Students voluntarily and willingly participated to the study and provided rich in-depth insights. They loved their professions and wanted to produce unique art works. Additionally, they expressed sincere concern for social, cultural and intellectual development of the society. It appears that while some of the students have already reached their self-actualization goals, some of them were still in the process of search and self- understanding
Are changes in urinary parameters during pregnancy clinically significant? (vol 34, pg 244, 2006)
No full textComparison of Semirigid and Flexible Ureteroscopy Results in Isolated Kidney Pelvis Stones Smaller than Two Centimeters
No full textMEHMET ÂKİF’İN SANAT VE ESTETİK ANLAYIŞI
No full textMehmet Âkif, hayatı ile eserini birleştiren bir şahsiyettir. Şahsiyet, aynı zamanda kendinde ulvî değerleri toplayan ve her konuda insanlığa örnek olan bir kişiliktir. O, dönemlere ve topluma göre değişmez. Muhiti kendisine uydurur ve toplumun öncüsü olur. Âkif, eserleriyle değerler yaratır ve bu değerleri içselleştirir. Samimidir, gördüklerini ve yaşadıklarını anlatır. Âkif, kendi misyonunu her zaman ve her yerde hakikati ifade etmek olarak görür. O, birçok meziyete sahip olan bilinçli bir Türk aydınıdır. Âkif, eserlerinde bilim, sanat ve dini bir bütünlük içinde değerlendirir. Hem Doğu hem de Batı kültür ve medeniyetini iyi bilen Âkif, resim ve musikiye büyük bir önem verir. Çocuklarına resim dersi aldırır. Bizde resmin uzun süre yasaklanmasını eleştirir. Ayrıca kendisi Türk ve Batı musikisiyle de yakından ilgilenir. Mehmet Âkif göre insan olmanın en önemli niteliği ahlaklı olmaktır. O, bu nedenle karakterinden ve prensiplerinden taviz vermez. Şaşaadan kaçar ve kibrin esiri olmaz. Bu çalışmada, Âkif’in sanat ve estetik anlayışı bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmeye çalışıldı ve onun farklı özellikleri üzerinde duruldu.Trdizi
Deterioration of Chronotropic Responses and Heart Rate Recovery Indices in Men With Erectile Dysfunction
No full textAbstract
Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular (CV) diseases share common risk factors and ED has been accepted as an early manifestation of CV disease. Exercise stress testing (EST) is used to evaluate CV functions in men with ED. Low exercise workload, a slower heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise, and inability to increase heart rate during EST (chronotropic incompetence) are independent negative predictors of adverse CV outcomes.
Aim
To assess the association among EST parameters, ED, and testosterone levels.
Methods
The study population consisted of 41 patients with ED and 40 controls. All participants underwent treadmill EST to assess cardiac autonomic functions. HRR indices were calculated by subtracting 1st (HRR1), 2nd (HRR2), and 3rd (HRR3) minute heart rates during the recovery period from maximal heart rate. Total exercise duration, exercise capacity and chronotropic response, and plasma testosterone levels were evaluated. Erectile functions were evaluated with the Sexual Health Inventory for Men. Patients were divided into subgroups according to severity and duration of ED.
Main Outcome Measures
Mean HRR1 (30.6 ± 11.9 vs 36.9 ± 9.9; P = .01), HRR2 (44.9 ± 12.4 vs 54.9 ± 7.8; P < .001), and HRR3 (50.1 ± 11.7 vs 63.0 ± 7.9; P < .001) were significantly lower in the ED than in the control group. Total exercise duration (9.4 ± 1.9 vs 10.9 ± 1.7 minutes; P < .001), exercise capacity (12.5 ± 1.9 vs 13.6 ± 1.4 metabolic equivalents; P = .004), and chronotropic response (0.88 ± 0.1 vs 1.0 ± 0.1; P < .001) were worse in the ED group. However, we found no association between severity and duration of ED and EST parameters. In addition, serum testosterone levels were significantly correlated with HRR1 (r = 0.36, P = .02) in men with ED.
Conclusion
Our data suggested that cardiac autonomic functions are impaired in patients with ED. A weak correlation between cardiac autonomic dysfunction and low testosterone levels in patients with ED was noted. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the prognostic significance and clinical implications of impaired autonomic functions and testosterone replacement therapy in patients with ED.
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A Comparison of Sexual Function, Psychological Status, and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Turkish Men within Polygamous and Monogamous Marriages
No full textBackground: A limited number of studies within the literature have entailed objective evaluations of psychological, sexual, and emotional features of women within polygamous marriages. However, there is a lack of studies reporting these features among polygamous and monogamous men.
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate sociodemographic characteristics, sexual function, and psychological status of polygamously and monogamously married men.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: The study sample comprised two groups: 35 polygamous and 45 monogamous men in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Door-to-door surveys covered sociodemographic factors and adopted Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and International Index of Erectile Function – Erectile Function Domain (IIEF-EFD) scales.
Results: Polygamous men showed considerably higher IIEF-EFD scores (p0.05). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of monogamous men for erectile dysfunction and depression were 14.4 (95% CI: 3.1-67.5) and 7.4 (95% CI: 0.9-61.9), respectively. The main reasons for multiple marriages reported by polygamous men, in descending order, were: 1) decreased satisfaction of sexual desires by a wife (37.1%); 2) falling in love with the second wife (22.8%); and 3) incompatibility with the first wife (17.1%). However, 62.9% of them responded negatively to the question: “Would you recommend polygamous marriage to other men?”
Conclusion: Our results showed that polygamous men had higher erectile function and lower depression scores than monogamous men. Further studies investigating the effects of polygamy on men’s psychosexual function are warranted. Additionally, studies that address the perspectives of offspring and women’s expectations within polygamous marriages should be conducted
Üç boyutlu resim dizileri için görsel nitelik değerlendirmesi.
No full textThe aim of this study is to understand the effect of different depth levels on the overall 3D quality and develop an objective video quality metric for stereoscopic video sequences. Proposed method is designed to be used in video coding stages to improve overall 3D video quality. This study includes both objective and subjective evaluation. Test sequences with different coding schemes are used. Computer simulation results show that overall quality has a strong correlation with the quality of the background, where disparity is smaller relative to the foreground. This correlation indicates that background layer is more prone to coding errors. The results also showed that content type is an important factor in determining the visual quality.M.S. - Master of Scienc
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