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PRARANCANGAN PABRIK 1,3 DIKHLOROPROPANE DARI PROPANE DAN CHLORINE Kapasitas 60.000 ton/tahun
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INTISARI
Pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane dari Propane dan Chlorine dengan kapasitas rancangan 60.000 ton/tahun direncanakan didirikan di daerah Krakatau Industrial Estate Kecamatan Ciwandan - Cilegon, propinsi Banten dengan lahan seluas 46.000 m2. Pabrik dalam 1 tahun bekerja selama 330 hari dan 24 jam per sehari dengan jumlah tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan 80 orang. Pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane ini memerlukan Propane yang dipenuhi dari PT. Chandra Asri Petrochemical Centre, Cilegon. Sedangkan bahan baku Chlorine didapat dari PT. Asahimas Subentra Chemical, Cilegon.
1,3 Dichloropropane dibuat dengan mereaksikan Propane dan Chlorine di dalam reaktor alir pipa yang berlangsung pada suhu 100 oC dan tekanan 3 atm. Hasil keluar reaktor selanjutnya dipisahkan melalui separator-03, kemudian hasil bawah separator-03 yang berupa 1,3 Dichloropropane dimasukkan dalam tangki-03. Utilitas pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane meliputi air sebagai pendingin, air sebagai steam, dan keperluan kantor dan rumah tangga dengan jumlah total sebesar 57.940,993 ton/tahun diperoleh dari industry penyedia air PT. Krakatau Tirta Indonesia yang terletak dekat dengan lokasi pabrik. Listrik sebesar 2075,317 kW di peroleh dari PLN unit PLTU Suralaya dan sebagai cadangan dipakai generator dengan daya 2100 kW.
Hasil analisa ekonomi pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane ini memerlukan modal tetap sebesar Rp 391.400.417.000, modal kerja sebesar Rp 165.567.263.000, ROI sebelum pajak 37,046% per tahun dan ROI sesudah pajak 27,155% per tahun, POT sebelum pajak 2,126 tahun dan POT sesudah pajak 2,691 tahun, Shut Down Point (SDP) 31,778%, Break Event Point (BEP) 47,144% dan DCF 41.707 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan evaluasi ekonomi tersebut, maka pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane dengan kapasitas 60.000 ton/tahun layak dipertimbangkan untuk didirikan
PRARANCANGAN PABRIK 1,3 DIKHLOROPROPANE DARI PROPANE DAN CHLORINE Kapasitas 60.000 ton/tahun
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Pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane dari Propane dan Chlorine dengan kapasitas rancangan 60.000 ton/tahun direncanakan didirikan di daerah Krakatau Industrial Estate Kecamatan Ciwandan - Cilegon, propinsi Banten dengan lahan seluas 46.000 m2. Pabrik dalam 1 tahun bekerja selama 330 hari dan 24 jam per sehari dengan jumlah tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan 80 orang. Pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane ini memerlukan Propane yang dipenuhi dari PT. Chandra Asri Petrochemical Centre, Cilegon. Sedangkan bahan baku Chlorine didapat dari PT. Asahimas Subentra Chemical, Cilegon.
1,3 Dichloropropane dibuat dengan mereaksikan Propane dan Chlorine di dalam reaktor alir pipa yang berlangsung pada suhu 100 oC dan tekanan 3 atm. Hasil keluar reaktor selanjutnya dipisahkan melalui separator-03, kemudian hasil bawah separator-03 yang berupa 1,3 Dichloropropane dimasukkan dalam tangki-03. Utilitas pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane meliputi air sebagai pendingin, air sebagai steam, dan keperluan kantor dan rumah tangga dengan jumlah total sebesar 57.940,993 ton/tahun diperoleh dari industry penyedia air PT. Krakatau Tirta Indonesia yang terletak dekat dengan lokasi pabrik. Listrik sebesar 2075,317 kW di peroleh dari PLN unit PLTU Suralaya dan sebagai cadangan dipakai generator dengan daya 2100 kW.
Hasil analisa ekonomi pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane ini memerlukan modal tetap sebesar Rp 391.400.417.000, modal kerja sebesar Rp 165.567.263.000, ROI sebelum pajak 37,046% per tahun dan ROI sesudah pajak 27,155% per tahun, POT sebelum pajak 2,126 tahun dan POT sesudah pajak 2,691 tahun, Shut Down Point (SDP) 31,778%, Break Event Point (BEP) 47,144% dan DCF 41.707 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan evaluasi ekonomi tersebut, maka pabrik 1,3 Dichloropropane dengan kapasitas 60.000 ton/tahun layak dipertimbangkan untuk didirikan
Pengaruh profesionalisme kerja dan kinerja pegawai melalui kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pengguna layanan Unit Layanan Terpadu Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Kalimantan Tengah
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris tentang pengaruh langsung profesionalisme, kinerja pegawai, kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pengguna jasa pada unit pelayanan terpadu Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Kalimantan Tengah (ULT LPMP Kalimantan Tengah). Alat analisis cerdas PLS digunakan untuk menilai persepsi 87 responden dari data pengunjung LPMP ULT tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, profesionalisme kerja, kinerja karyawan, dan kualitas layanan berpengaruh positif langsung terhadap kepuasan pengguna layanan. Kedua, profesionalisme kerja dan kinerja pegawai berpengaruh positif langsung terhadap kualitas pelayanan, namun profesionalisme kerja tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap kepuasan pengguna jasa melalui kualitas pelayanan. Terakhir, kinerja karyawan berpengaruh positif langsung terhadap kepuasan pengguna jasa melalui kualitas layanan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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