79,415 research outputs found
Amplification of cortical serotonin release: a further neurochemical action of the vigilance-promoting drug modafinil
No full textThe present in vitro and in vivo studies examined the effects of modafinil on serotonergic transmission in the rat frontal cortex. In the in vitro study modafinil (0.3-30 microM) increased electrically-evoked, but not spontaneous, serotonin ([(3)H]5-HT) efflux from cortical slices in a concentration-dependent manner while the indirect serotonin agonist dl-fenfluramine (1-15 microM) enhanced both spontaneous and evoked [(3)H]5-HT efflux. The effects of modafinil were more pronounced when the 5-HT reuptake was blocked by paroxetine. Contrary to paroxetine (0.3-3 microM) and dl-fenfluramine (1-5 microM), modafinil failed to influence the [(3)H]5-HT uptake. In the in vivo study modafinil (3-100 mg/kg i.p.) increased 5-HT dialysate levels, the maximal effect being already reached at the 30 mg/kg dose. dl-fenfluramine (5 mg/kg) induced an increase in 5-HT levels which was significantly higher than that displayed by modafinil at 30 mg/kg. In the presence of paroxetine (3 microM), the effect of modafinil at 30 mg/kg was higher than that observed in the absence of 5-HT reuptake inhibition. Finally, in the presence of the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, modafinil at 100 mg/kg failed to affect 5-HT dialysate levels. These results demonstrate that modafinil regulates cortical serotonergic transmission and suggest that the drug preferentially acts by amplifying the electro-neurosecretory coupling mechanisms and via mechanisms which do not involve the reuptake process
A. Baud, G. Cornu, M. Martiniani-Reber, J.-M. Poisson, J.-F. Reynaud & C. Treffort, Saint-Rambert. Un culte régional depuis l'époque mérovingienne. Histoire et archéologie
No full textMasset Claude. A. Baud, G. Cornu, M. Martiniani-Reber, J.-M. Poisson, J.-F. Reynaud & C. Treffort, Saint-Rambert. Un culte régional depuis l'époque mérovingienne. Histoire et archéologie. In: L'Homme, 1996, tome 36 n°139. p. 187
Differential enhancement of dialysate serotonin levels in distinct brain regions of the awake rat by modafinil: Possible relevance for wakefulness and depression
No full textThe present in vivo microdialysis study evaluates the possible existence of a differential regulation of serotonergic transmission by the antinarcoleptic drug modafinil [(diphenyl-methyl)-sulfinyl-2-acetamide; Modiodal] among various brain regions of the awake rat. The results show that, in the cerebral cortex, the central amygdala, and the dorsal raphe nucleus, modafinil in the dose range of 10-100 mg/kg i.p. dose-dependently increases dialysate serotonin (5-HT) levels. In other brain areas, such as the medial preoptic area and the posterior hypothalamus, the modafinil-induced increase in dialysate 5-HT levels is observed only at tenfold higher doses (100 mg/kg), 10-30 mg/kg being ineffective. Together these data suggest that, in the frontal cortex, the amygdala, and the dorsal raphe, modafinil is more potent in enhancing extracellular 5-HT levels and presumably 5-HT transmission than in the medial preoptic area and the posterior hypothalamus. In view of the role of ascending 5-HT pathways in arousal and depression, it seems likely that the antinarcoleptic drug modafinil may also have an antidepressant potential in addition to its wakefulness-promoting action, both actions involving enhancement of 5-HT neurotransmission
Des Maisons à moins de 5000 F. Le défi. Maisons M ́house
No full textPresentazione del Prototipo Maisons M ́house di abitazione industriale in la revista D ́A di amplia diffusione architetturale.
Referimiento:
Des Maisons à moins de 5000 F. Le défi”
Revista d ́A, n.79, 1997
Pgs.40-41
Edizione in frances
Results of the Heart Protection Study: Can we still assume a class effect?
No full textStatins share several common features including the mechanism of action, i.e. inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, as well as LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride lowering properties. However, statins show minor differences in chemical structure, lipophilicity that could translate into a different pharmacological properties. For example, simvastatin exerted a more favorable effect on HDL-C levels than did atorvastatin when higher doses of the two drugs were compared. Finally, the major considerations to chose between statins for CVD patient therapy include clinical benefits and safety (i.e. evidence-based medicine). Primary prevention trials with pravastatins and lovastatin and secondary prevention trials with pravastatin, fluvastatin and simvastatin have established the clinical benefits of statins. In addition, HPS study was designed to investigate the benefits of simvastatin 40 mg in a broad range of patients at high risk for heart disease including women, the elderly and those with a history of hearth attacks, diabetes, hypertension or vascular disease. The results show the ability of simvastatin to reduce all causes of mortality, vascular death and cardiovascular morbidity. The trial also confirms the safety of simvastatin 40 mg although 60% of patients were receiving additional pharmacological treatment. In summary, it appears that statins are not the same and the choice of the more appropriate statin in high-risk patients should be driven by the evidence-based medicine both in terms of safety and efficacy
The vigilance promoting drug modafinil increases dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens via the involvement of a local GABAergic mechanism
No full textThe present in vivo microdialysis study demonstrated that the subcutaneous injection of modafinil (diphenyl-methyl-sulfinyl-2-acetamide) in doses of 30-300 mg/kg dose dependently increased dopamine release from the intermediate level of the nucleus accumbens along the rostro-caudal axis of the halothane anaesthetized rat. The effect of modafinil in a dose of 100 mg/kg was counteracted by the local perfusion in the nucleus accumbens with the GABAB receptor antagonist phaclofen (beta-p-chlorophenyl-gamma-aminopropyl-phosphonic acid) (50 microM), the GABAA agonist muscimol (3-hydroxy-5-aminomethyl-isoxazolol) (10 microM) and the neuronal GABA reuptake inhibitor SKF89976A (4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl-nipecotic acid) (0.1 microM), whereas it was increased by the GABAB receptor agonist (-)-baclofen [beta-(p-chlorophenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid)] (10 microM). In addition, the modafinil-induced increase of dopamine release was associated with a significant reduction of accumbens GABA release. These results suggest that the dopamine releasing action of modafinil in the rat nucleus accumbens is secondary to its ability to reduce local GABAergic transmission, which leads to a reduction of GABAA receptor signaling on the dopamine terminals
A Relational Unsupervised Approach to Author Identification
No full textIn the last decades speaking and writing habits have changed.
Many works faced the author identification task by exploiting frequencybased
approaches, numeric techniques or writing style analysis. Following
the last approach we propose a technique for author identification
based on First-Order Logic. Specifically, we translate the complex data
represented by natural language text to complex (relational) patterns
that represent the writing style of an author. Then, we model an author
as the result of clustering the relational descriptions associated to the
sentences. The underlying idea is that such a model can express the typical
way in which an author composes the sentences in his writings. So,
if we can map such writing habits from the unknown-author model to
the known-author model, we can conclude that the author is the same.
Preliminary results are promising and the approach seems viable in real
contexts since it does not need a training phase and performs well also
with short texts
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Also By The Same Author: AKTiveAuthor, a Citation Graph Approach to Name Disambiguation
No full textThe desire for definitive data and the semantic web drive for inference over heterogeneous data sources requires co-reference resolution to be performed on those data. In particular, name disambiguation is required to allow accurate publication lists, citation counts and impact measures to be determined. This paper describes a graph-based approach to author disambiguation on large-scale citation networks. Using self-citation, co-authorship and document source analyses, AKTiveAuthor clusters papers, achieving precision of 0.997 and recall of 0.818 over a test group of eight surname clusters
Modafinil does not affect serotonin efflux from rat frontal cortex synaptosomes: comparison with known serotonergic drugs.
No full textModafinil did not affect spontaneous and K(+)-evoked [3H]5-HT efflux from cortical synaptosomes while it increased K(+)-evoked tritium efflux from cortical slices, an action that became stronger in the presence of paroxetine. In contrast, DL-fenfluramine and fluoxetine were able to enhance spontaneous and/or K(+)-evoked tritium efflux from synaptosomes and slices. These results suggest that modafinil does not affect 5-HT transmission from cortical synaptosomes and that its 5-HT releasing action is different from that of DL-fenfluramine and fluoxetine
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