4 research outputs found
MICROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF OTORRHOEA FROM PEOPLE COMING TO HOSPITAL IN MAHAJANGA
No full textIn whole, 56 patients were included. Amidst identified microorganisms were fungus (4,7%) and bacteria (95,3%) to which Gram negative bacilli represented 72,1% (n=44), Gram positive cocci 6,4% (n=10), Gram positive bacilli 8,2% (n=5) and Gram negative cocci 3,3% (n=2). Among these bacterias, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp were predominant, with respectively 41% (n=25), 23% (n=14). However, three cases of S. aureus reported, six with negative coagulase Staphylococcus, one with Escherichia coli, one with Klebsiella sp, one with Haemophilus sp, two cases with Neisseria sp and four cases with Corynebacterium sp. Two types of cultures were noticed, one of them monomorphic (91,1%, n=51) and the other polymorphic (8,9%, n=5) to which 3 associations of P. aeruginosa-Proteus sp, 1 association of P. aeruginosa- coagulase negative Staphylococcus and 1 association of P. aeruginosa- E. coli. No resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed with Pseudomonas, Neisseria sp, Haemophilus, and enterobacteria except for E. coli. No resistance to rifampicin was observed with S. aureus. However, the sensitivity of S. aureus to ciprofloxacin decreased (one bacterium out of three).
The use of rifampicin or fluoroquinolones should be based on the type of ear infections
Re-Emergence of DENV-3 in French Guiana: Retrospective Analysis of Cases That Circulated in the French Territories of the Americas from the 2000s to the 2023–2024 Outbreak
No full textFrench Guiana experienced an unprecedented dengue epidemic during 2023–2024. Prior to the 2023–2024 outbreak in French Guiana, DENV-3 had not circulated in an epidemic manner since 2005. We therefore studied retrospectively the strains circulating in the French Territories of the Americas (FTA)—French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique—from the 2000s to the current epidemic. To this end, DENV-3 samples from the collection of the National Reference Center for Arboviruses in French Guiana (NRCA-FG) were selected and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) based on Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT. Phylogenetic analysis showed that (i) the 97 FTA sequences obtained all belonged to genotype III (GIII); (ii) between the 2000s and 2013, the regional circulation of the GIII American-I lineage was the source of the FTA cases through local extinctions and re-introductions; (iii) multiple introductions of lineages of Asian origin appear to be the source of the 2019–2021 epidemic in Martinique and the 2023–2024 epidemic in French Guiana. Genomic surveillance is a key factor in identifying circulating DENV genotypes, monitoring strain evolution, and identifying import events
The Genetic Evolution of DENV2 in the French Territories of the Americas: A Retrospective Study from the 2000s to the 2024 Epidemic, Including a Comparison of Amino Acid Changes with Vaccine Strains
No full textBackground: Dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) is endemic to hyperendemic in the French territories of the Americas (FTAs), including French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Barthelemy, and Saint-Martin. In 2023–2024, French Guiana, Martinique, and Guadeloupe experienced unprecedented dengue epidemics partly associated with this serotype. In response, we conducted a retrospective study of the diversity of DENV2 strains circulating in the FTAs from 2000 to 2024. Methods: To this end, we selected DENV2 samples from the collection at the National Research Center for Arboviruses in French Guiana (NRCA-FG) and sequenced them using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that (i) the 77 DENV2 sequences from the FTAs belong to two distinct genotypes—Asian American and Cosmopolitan; (ii) from the 2000s up to the 2019 epidemic in French Guiana, all sequenced strains belonged to the Asian American genotype; (iii) and from 2019 to 2020, strains circulating in Martinique and Guadeloupe belonged to the Cosmopolitan genotype, specifically the Indian subcontinent sublineage, while (iv) strains from the 2023–2024 outbreak in Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana fall within a distinct sublineage of the same genotype—Other Cosmopolitan. Additionally, we analyzed amino acid (AA) changes in FTA sequences compared to the Dengvaxia® and Qdenga® vaccines. The analysis of amino acid changes in FTA sequences compared to the vaccines (Dengvaxia® and Qdenga®) identified 42 amino acid changes in the prM/E regions (15 in the prM region and 27 in the E region) relative to CYD-2 Dengvaxia® and 46 amino acid changes in the prM/E regions relative to Qdenga®, including 16 in the prM region and 30 in the E region. Some of these AA changes are shared across multiple genotypes and sublineages, with 8 substitutions in the prM region and 18 in the E region appearing in both analyses. This raises questions about the potential impact of these changes on vaccine efficacy. Conclusion: Overall, these findings provide a current overview of the genomic evolution of DENV2 in the FTA, which is crucial for developing more effective prevention and control strategies and for selecting future vaccines tailored to circulating strains
Incidence of typhoid fever in Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria (the Severe Typhoid in Africa programme) : a population-based study
No full textAbstract: Background Typhoid Fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income settings. The Severe Typhoid in Africa programme was designed to address regional gaps in typhoid burden data and identify populations eligible for interventions using novel typhoid conjugate vaccines. Methods A hybrid design, hospital -based prospective surveillance with population -based health-care utilisation surveys, was implemented in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients presenting with fever (>= 375 degrees C axillary or >= 380 degrees C tympanic) or reporting fever for three consecutive days within the previous 7 days were invited to participate. Typhoid fever was ascertained by culture of blood collected upon enrolment. Disease incidence at the population level was estimated using a Bayesian mixture model. Findings 27 866 (338%) of 82 491 participants who met inclusion criteria were recruited. Blood cultures were performed for 27 544 (988%) of enrolled participants. Clinically significant organisms were detected in 2136 (77%) of these cultures, and 346 (162%) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were isolated. The overall adjusted incidence per 100 000 person -years of observation was highest in Kavuaya and Nkandu 1, Democratic Republic of the Congo (315, 95% credible interval 254-390). Overall, 46 (164%) of 280 tested isolates showed ciprofloxacin non -susceptibility. Interpretation High disease incidence (ie, >100 per 100 000 person -years of observation) recorded in four countries, the prevalence of typhoid hospitalisations and complicated disease, and the threat of resistant typhoid strains strengthen the need for rapid dispatch and implementation of effective typhoid conjugate vaccines along with measures designed to improve clean water, sanitation, and hygiene practices. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
