1,720,964 research outputs found
Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in poultry marketed in Iran: characterization and antimicrobial resistance of the isolates
No full textEvaluating the Explainers: Black-Box Explainable Machine Learning for Student Success Prediction in MOOCs
No full textNeural networks are ubiquitous in applied machine learning for education. Their pervasive success in predictive performance comes alongside a severe weakness, the lack of explainability of their decisions, especially relevant in human-centric fields. We implement five state-of-the-art methodologies for explaining black-box machine learning models (LIME, PermutationSHAP, KernelSHAP, DiCE, CEM) and examine the strengths of each approach on the downstream task of student performance prediction for five massive open online courses. Our experiments demonstrate that the families of explainers do not agree with each other on feature importance for the same Bidirectional LSTM models with the same representative set of students. We use Principal Component Analysis, Jensen-Shannon distance, and Spearman’s rank-order correlation to quantitatively cross-examine explanations across methods and courses. Furthermore, we validate explainer performance across curriculum-based prerequisite relationships. Our results come to the concerning conclusion that the choice of explainer is an important decision and is in fact paramount to the interpretation of the predictive results, even more so than the course the model is trained on. Source code and models are released at http://github.com/epfl-ml4ed/evaluating-explainers
Prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in poultry marketed in Iran: Characterization and antimicrobial resistance of the isolates
No full textThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes (L.m) in poultry marketed in Varamin, Tehran province, Iran. A total of 584 samples, including intestinal contents of chicken (n = 370) and turkey (n = 214) were randomly collected from different wet markets, between November 2008 to July 2010. USDA method was used for isolation of Listeria spp and L. m. The L. m. isolates were confirmed by API Listeria and PCR and were seroptyped using antisera against O and H antigens. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antibiotics (Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin, Rifampin, Pen G, Kanamycin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin and Amoxicillinclavulanic acid) according to CLSI. Furthermore, the virulence profile of L.m isolates (inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, actA, hlyA, iap, plcA, prfA) and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (tetA, tetB, vanA, vanB, ermB, cmlA, penA) was investigated by PCR. The contamination rate with Listeria spp in poultry was 16%. The most frequent isolated species was L. ivanovii (9%). L.m was detected in 3% of poultry samples and serovar 1/2a (61%) was the predominant among L.m isolates. All virulence-associated genes were detected in 85% of the isolates. The 33% of L.m isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics: the remaining L.m isolates were resistant to 1 to ≥ 3 antibiotics. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was not completely correlated with antimicrobial resistance to Tetracycline and Pen The main results of the present study confirmed the high prevalence of Listeria spp. and the high rate of antimicrobial resistance of L.m isolates from poultry products marketed in Iran
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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