1,720,956 research outputs found
(29(2):115-130)Effects of the application of plant growth regulators on yield components of early maturing rice
No full text以早熟稻品種日本晴（Nipponbare），廣陸矮 4 號（Kwang - lu - ai 4）及本地現行栽培品種臺農 67 號（Tainung 67）為材料，於 1978 年 1、2 期作種植於田間。在分蘗開始期及分蘗盛期施用 Chloroflurenol ( IT3456 , methyl-2-Chloro-9-hydroxy-fluroene -(9)-carbo-xylate ) 1 mM，並於幼穗分化期、孕穗期及乳熟期加施 50 ppm 之 SNA ( sodium naphthal - ene acetic acid) 與 2000 倍稀釋液之 SNP ( sodium nitrophenol) 之混合液，以及 50 ppm 之 GA3 ( gibberellin )，調查其對稻作生育之反應及對產量之影響。試驗結果摘要如下：（1）施用 Chloroflurenol 對分蘗數之增加有顯著之效果（1 期作增加 3~12 % , 2 期作增加 9~19 %），但所增加之分藥大部份為無效分蘗，且由於分蘗數之增加會導致-穗平均粒數及千粒重之降低。（2）生育後期加施 SNA 與 SNP 混合液可使增加之無效分蘗成為有效分蘗，-株穗數、發育穎花數、結實率及千粒重亦增加，因而使產量增加 4 - 11%（1 期作）及 5 – 14%（2 期作）。（3）加施 GA3 對株高、穗長及粒長有顯著影響外，對其他農藝性狀效果不穩定。（4）三供試品種間，以臺農 67 號對不同生長素處理有較好之反應；稉型早熟品種日本晴因施用 Chloroflurenol 而促進之分藥數增加效果最大；秈型早熟品種廣陸矮 4 號對上述生長素處理，則在一株穗數、千粒重及株高方面較其他供試品種增加效果大。
A sudy was carried out to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators, chloroflurenol (IT 3456, methl-2-chloro-9-hydroxy-fluroene-9-carboxylate ; 1 mM), SNA (sodium naphthalene acetic acid; 50 ppm) +SNP (sodium nitrophenol; 2000 X) and gibberellin (GA3 50 ppm) on grain yield and yield components of paddy rice. Two early maturing rice Nipponbare, Kwang-lu-ai 4 and the local cultivar Tainung 67 were used in this experiment. The following results were obtained.
1. The application of chloroflurenol alone increased tiller number per plant by 3-12% in the first rice season and Ly 9-19% in the second season. However, most of the increased tillers did not bear panicles. No striking effect on grain yield was obtained since mean spikelet number per panicle and 1000-grain-weight were reduced by this treatment.
2. SNA and SNP mixture treatment showed the effects of increasing panicle number, particularly by promoting the additional tillers caused by chloroflurenol treatment to bear effective panicles. Number of florets in the secondary branch position, seed-set percentage and 1000-grain-weight were also increased, especially in the second crop season. Grain yield was increased by 4-11% and 5-14% in the first and second rice seasons, respectly.
3. GA3 treatment significantly affected the plant height and length of panicles and spikelets. Most significant effect was found on the semi-dwarf variety Kwang-lu-ai 4, Spikelet number per plant and seed-set percentage also increased slightly, whereas1000-grain-weight dropped. Other agronomic characters showed relatively unstable results. This treatment caused the reduction of grain yield of Kwang-lu-ai 4 in the first and of all cultivars in the second crop season.
4. Highly significant differences in grain yield and yield components were found among the three cultivars tested. Different growth regulator treatments had more favourable influence on Tainung 67 than on other cultivars, particularly in grain yield. The application of chloroflurenol could increase the tiller number of Nipponbare, but not 1000-grain-weight and grain yield. The treatment of chloroflurenol, SNA+SNP, and GA3 had more favorable influence on the panicle number per plant, 1000-grain-weight and plant height for Kwang-lu-ai 4 than for other cultivars, and its grain yield showed a slight increase also
(32(3):201-208)Studies on the Improvement of Blast Disease Resistance of Japonica Rice, Tainung 67
No full text為改良臺農67 號之稻熱病抵抗性，於民國68 年第二期作開始以抗稻熱病品種TKM-6 , Ml-48 , Dawn , Tetep , carreon , Shensho 及Dular 等為父本與臺農67 號雜交，後以臺農67 號為輪迴親本進行一系列之回交，以便將抗病基因導入於臺農67 號。其中Dawn , Tetep 及Carreon 有關三組合之BC1F1乃以磨傷法點接稻熱病菌4 個生理小種ID-14 , IE-2 , IF-3 及IG-2 於葉片上，檢驗其對4 小種之抵抗性。Dawn 組合BC1F1之分離比顯示，對IG-14 及IG-2 之抵抗性似各由一對基因所控制，而對IE-2 則有3 對，IF-3 有2 對基因參與。在Carreon 組合之BCIFI 對ID-14 及IG-2 似各有一對，對IE-2 及IF-3 似各有3 對基因參與。Tetep 組合的BC1F1則似乎比前兩組合有較多的抗病基因參與。對ID-14 及IG-2 之抗病性各有2 對，對IE-2 及IF-3 各有4 對基因參與。又Tetep 組合之BC2F1在病圃有較多的抗病系統出現，顯示Tetep 乃具有多數抗病基因之優良抗病種源。經人工接種選拔及病圃篩選選得之植株繼續回交至第3 、4 次，由其後代系統中，已選得多數抗病且株型優良之系統，其中部分已成立為品系參加產量比較試驗；同時亦進行BC4F1間之複交，再以花藥培養法做配偶子型之選拔，預期將可選育抗病性較廣且又高產之稉稻新品種。
Rice variety Tainung 67 which occupied 454,620 hectares of rice area in 1982 in Taiwan is known to have a lower degree of resistance to blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav. ). In order to correct this defect, Tainung 67 was crossed to varieties, Tetep, Carreon, Dawn, M1-48, TKM-6, Shensho and Dular as the resistance source. The F1’s were then backcrossed to Tainung 67 three or four times.
The BC1F1’s of three crosses, TNG 672 /Dawn, TNG 672 /Carreon and TNG 672/Tetep were inoculated with 4 races of the blast fungus that attacked Tainung 67, namely, ID-14, IE-2, IF-3 and IG-2 in the 2nd crop season, 1980. Based on the segregation patterns of bast disease resistance in the BC1F1’s, it is concluded that the resistance of Dawn to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by a single dominant gene, to race IE-2 by 3 pairs and to race IF-3 by 2 pairs of gene, while the resistance of Carreon to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by a single dominant gene and to IE-2 and IF-3 by 3 pairs of gene. However, Tetep’s resistance to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by 2 pairs of gene and to races IE-2 and IF-3 by 4 pairs of gene.
The main purpose of this experiment was to introduce resisatnce genes of Tetep, Carreon, etc. into Tainung 67. To understand the mode inheritance of resistance in the early segregating generations of these crosses will facilitate our further efforts. The resistant BC1F1 plants selected from the above-mentioned test were again backcrossed to Tainung 67 three or four times and the BC2F1’s and BC4F1’s were grown in a blast disease nursery for continuous selection
(27(2):169-174)EFFECTS OF SUCROSE APPLICATION ON GRAIN YIELD IN MEIOSIS AND MATURING STAGES OF THE RICE PLANT
No full text本省位於亞熱帶地區，連綿陰雨天往往持續至二個星期甚且更長，尤其在二期作更甚，其間之日照亦常低於150克卡／平方公分／天（氣象中心年報1975），因此影響水稻之正常生育而導致產量減產。本試驗乃針對影響水稻光合作用最大之減數分裂期及成熟期，將稻株人工遮陰(90%)，以蔗糖噴施稻葉，及以蔗糖溶液灌施，以探討直接施用蔗糖能否補救因光照不足所引起產量減少之部份原因。
供試材料臺農育A6號（蓬萊稻），由Pot試驗結果，由於本試驗於第二期作執行，於生育後期遭遇低溫及寡日照之影響，結果遮陰並未使退化穎百分比顯著提高，但其結實率，千粒重，登熟率及每欉谷粒產量却大幅降低，因此，蔗糖處理仍未顯出明顯之反應。但嘉農秈8號却有良好之結果，遮陰使退化穎花數增加約54%，蔗糖處理亦有使退化穎花百分比降低之趨勢。
經田間試驗結果顯示：蔗糖葉面噴施及灌溉水施用，對產量構成因素沒有明顯之效果，其小區產量經變方分析結果亦未達顯著之差異。
1. Prolonged rainy weather or low solar radiation is considered one of the causes of low yields of the second crop rice in Taiwan. The total solar radiation during such period commonly falls down to 150 gr. cal/cm2/day or less. Attempts were made to find out whether sucrose application in meiosis and maturing stages corrects the effect of low solar radiation on rice plants.
2. In a pot experiment, about 90% shading by a piece of black cloth for ten days was made during meiosis stage, and the plants were applied with 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 g/hill sucrose through foliage spraying and irrigation water. Inaddition, two field experiments were conducted, one by application of sucrose by foliage spraying and the other in irrigation water through roots. Dssiolve sucrose 50, 100, 150 kg/ha in 20 c.c/hill water, and apply them during meiosis stage, after heading stage and both stages.
3. In the pot experiment an indica rice variety, Chianung Sen 8 showed 54% of degenerated spikelet by the shading treatment. However, sucrose application tended to prevent the spikelets from degeneration. The shading did not cause significant degree of spikelet degeneration in Tainung Yuh A6. Hence the difference in the percentage of degenerated spikelets among the sucrose treatments was not significant. But 1,000 grain weight, percentages of seedset and matured grain and grain yield perhill were reduced appreciably.
4. In both fild experimeits, the analysis of variance of grain yield per plot showed non-significant differences in grain yield among sucrose treatments in meiosis, mat uring stages and both stages
(34(2):125-134)Development of Rice Variety Tainung 69
No full text水稻品種臺農69 號是由F3 （臺農6lM510 -14 / Oryza rufipogon） //臺農62 號之雜交後代選出。第一期作比臺農67 號低產4 %-5%，第二期作高產8 %-19.3%。在全省性區域試驗比臺農67 號減產4 %-7%。本品種有相當廣幅又穩定的稻熱病抵抗性，同時亦抗細菌性白葉枯病，並具有臺農67 號相似之紋枯病忍耐性。臺農69 號不但抗褐飛蝨1 、2 、3 生理型、也抗白背飛蝨並受斑飛蝨之害亦較緩慢。本品種的米質、株高、抽穗期等特性與臺農67 號相似，但稻稈稍軟不如臺農67 號耐倒伏，故其肥料反應也稍差。
Rice variety Tainung 69 is a selection from the progenies of a cross between F3 (Tainung 61 M510 -14 / Oryza rufipogon) and Tainung 62. It yielded lower than Tainung 67 by 4%-5% in the first crop but outyielded it by 8%-19.3% in the second crop. In regional tests, Tainung 69 gave an yield of 4%-7% lower than Tainung 67 in average. It is resistant to a wide range of blast pathogen including that at IRRI, Philippines and is also resistant to bacterial leaf blight disease. It exhibited a tolerance to sheath blight disease similar to Tainung 67. Tainung 69 was found resistant in the tests to brown planthopper biotypes 1, 2 and 3, and also to the white-backed planthopper. It showed a slower progress in the damage caused by small brown planthopper. The plant height, days to mature and rice quality of Tainung 69 are similar to those of Tainung 67, but its straw is not as stiff as that of Tainung 67, hence the fertilizer response is slightly poor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
