13 research outputs found
Microscopy analysis of soils at the Phoenix landing site, Mars: Classification of soil particles and description of their optical and magnetic properties
No full textThe optical microscope onboard the Phoenix spacecraft has returned color images (4 ?m pixel?1) of soils that were delivered to and held on various substrates. A preliminary taxonomy of Phoenix soil particles, based on color, size, and shape, identifies the following particle types [generic names in brackets]: (1) reddish fines, mostly unresolved, that are spectrally similar to (though slightly darker than) global airborne dust [red fines], (2) silt? to sand?sized brownish grains [brown sand], (3) silt? to sand?sized black grains [black sand], and (4) small amounts of whitish fines, possibly salts [white fines]. Most particles have a saturation magnetization in the range 0.5?2 Am2 kg?1 as inferred from their interaction with magnetic substrates. The particle size distribution has two distinct peaks below 10 ?m (fines) and in the range 20–100 ?m (grains), respectively, and is different from that of ripple soils in Gusev crater. In particular medium to large sand grains appear to be absent in Phoenix soils. Most sand grains have subrounded shape with variable texture. A fractured grain (observed on sol 112) reveals evidence of micrometer?sized crystal facets. The brown sand category displays a large diversity in color including shiny, almost colorless particles. Potential source regions for these grains may be the Tharsis volcanoes or Heimdal crater (20 km east of the landing site). The black grains are suggested to belong to a more widespread population of particles with mafic mineralogy. The absence of black/brown composite grains is consistent with different formation pathways and source regions for each grain type.Precision and Microsystems EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Magnetic properties experiments and the Surface Stereo Imager calibration target onboard the Mars Phoenix 2007 Lander: Design, calibration, and science goals
No full textThe first NASA scout mission to Mars, Phoenix, launched 4 August will land in the northern part of Mars in the locality of 68°N and 233°E on 25 May 2008. Part, of the science payload is the Magnetic Properties Experiments (MPE) that consists of two main experiments: the Improved Sweep Magnet Experiment (ISWEEP) and 10 sets of two Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA) magnet substrates with embedded permanent magnets of different strength. The ISWEEP experiment is, as the name indicates, an improved version of the Sweep Magnet Experiments flown onboard the two Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. The sweep magnet is ring shaped and is designed to allow only nonmagnetic particles to enter a small circular area at the center of the surface of this structure. Results from this experiment have shown that on the MERs hardly any particles can be detected in the central area of this ring-shaped magnet. From this we have concluded that essentially all particles in the Martian atmosphere are magnetic in the sense that they are attracted to permanent magnets. In order to improve the sensitivity of the Sweep Magnet Experiment for detection of nonmagnetic or very weakly magnetic particles, the ISWEEP holds six ring-shaped magnets, somewhat larger than the sweep magnet of the MERs, and with six different background colors in the central area. The six different colors provide new possibilities for improved contrast between these background colors, i.e., any putative nonmagnetic particles should render these more easily detectable. The Surface Stereo Imager will also take advantage of the small clean areas in the ISWEEPs and use the presumably constant colors for radiometric calibration of images. The MECA magnets work as substrates in the MECA microscopy experiments; they are built to attract and hold magnetic particles from dust samples. The collected dust will then be examined by the optical microscope and the atomic force microscope in the MECA package. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union
Microscopy capabilities of the microscopy, electrochemistry, and conductivity analyzer
No full textThe Phoenix microscopy station, designed for the study of Martian dust and soil, consists of a sample delivery system, an optical microscope, and an atomic force microscope. The combination of microscopies facilitates the study of features from the millimeter to nanometer scale. Light-emitting diode illumination allows for full color optical imaging of the samples as well as imaging of ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence. The atomic force microscope uses an array of silicon tips and can operate in both static and dynamic mode. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union
Understanding the Research Practices and Service Needs of Big Data Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University
No full textThere is no universally agreed upon definition of big data. However, in the most general terms, big data includes datasets with a size beyond the ability of commonly used tools to capture, process, transfer, and manage the data. In research enterprises, the use of big data is becoming increasingly common. Researchers collecting and analyzing big data have unique needs throughout each stage of the research lifecycle, from planning to publishing and communicating findings. Understanding researchers’ behavior related to big data activities and practices can provide librarians and information scientists with deeper insight into big data research limitations and help them develop a better understanding of their needs and challenges, which may in turn lead to better services. Libraries are actively seeking avenues to learn about and assist researchers in innovative focuses such as data education and data management. Accordingly, this study aims to understand researchers’ behaviors in big data research practices and their needs and identify opportunities to support those needs. We specifically focused on the researchers from STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) disciplines at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) holding postdoctoral, staff, or faculty status. At CMU, big data research manifests across several disciplines and conceptual areas and encompasses a wide variety of research techniques and topics, as will be discussed in this report. CMU is one of 21 universities across the United States exploring this topic under the guidance of Ithaka Strategy and Research (Ithaka S+R). Ithaka S+R is a part of ITHAKA, a nonprofit organization supporting the academic community in using digital technologies for advancing research and teaching in a sustainable manner and preserving the scholarly record. This project, titled “Supporting Big Data Research,” was launched in summer 2020 to support the organization’s goal of partnering with academic libraries to better understand faculty research support needs in the areas of big data and data science.</p
Uso dos produtos de inteligência competitiva obtidos no sistema de inteligência competitiva (SIS) SEBRAE: o caso do APL de móveis do oeste de Santa Catarina
No full textTCC (graduação em Biblioteconomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianópolisApresenta o Sistema de Inteligência Competitiva Setorial SIS/SEBRAE e seus produtos, dando enfoque ao Arranjo Produtivo Local de Móveis do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Demonstra o processo de inteligência competitiva e sua importância para os micro e pequenos empresários. Objetiva analisar o uso dos produtos de inteligência competitiva oferecidos pelo Sistema de Inteligência Competitiva SIS/SEBRAE aos empresários do APL de Móveis do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Conclui-se que os empresários fazem uso dos produtos de inteligência competitiva do SIS para agregar valor aos serviços e produtos oferecidos pelas empresas, bem como para aumentar a lucratividade e monitorar a concorrência
Mars 2007 Phoenix Scout Mission Organic Free Blank: Method to Distinguish Mars Organics from Terrestrial Organics
No full textThe Mars 2007 Phoenix Scout Mission successfully launched on August 4, 2007, for a 10-month journey to Mars. The Phoenix spacecraft is scheduled to land on May 25, 2008. The primary mission objective is to study the history of water and evaluate the potential for past and present habitability in Martian arctic ice-rich soil [1]. Phoenix will land near 68 N latitude on polygonal terrain presumably created by ice layers that are expected to be a few centimeters under loose soil materials [2,3]. The Phoenix Mission will assess the potential for habitability by searching for organic molecules in ice or icy soils at the landing site. Organic molecules are necessary building blocks for life, although their presence in the ice or soil does not indicate life itself. Phoenix will search for organic molecules by heating soil/ice samples in the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer (TEGA, [4]). TEGA consists of 8 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) ovens integrated with a magnetic-sector mass spectrometer with a mass range of 2-140 daltons [4]. Endothermic and exothermic reactions are recorded by the TEGA DSC as samples are heated from ambient to approx.1000 C. Evolved gases, including organic molecules and fragments if present, are simultaneously measured by the mass spectrometer during heating
