16 research outputs found
Consumo de vasijas cerámicas en un contexto público tardio del Pucara de Volcán (Dto. Tumbaya, Jujuy, Argentina)
No full textEn este trabajo se analizan las alfarerías excavadas en dos recintos y un basurero del Pucara de Volcán y se plantean hipótesis sobre el consumo diferencial de la cerámica en este contexto Inca local de la Quebrada de Humahuaca. El Pucara de Volcán es un asentamiento conglomerado de aproximadamente 7 hectáreas ocupado con mayor intensidad durante los Períodos de los Desarrollos Regionales (Intermedio Tardío) e Inca. B2 R5 está ubicado en el sector occidental del asentamiento, directamente asociado al recinto R2, al basurero Tum1B2 y a un complejo de plaza - montículo artificial - cementerio. Los tres contextos alfareros estudiados indican un consumo a nivel supradoméstico: R5 como lugar de preparación de alimentos a ser consumidos en eventos públicos, Tum1B2 como área de descarte de la vajilla de servicio y R2 como probable depósito de grandes vasijas.Neste trabalho se analisam as cerâmicas escavadas em dois recintos e uma lixeira do Pucara de Volcán e se estabelecem hipóteses sobre o consumo diferencial da cerâmica neste contexto Inca local da Quebrada de Humahuaca. O Pulcara de Volcán é um assentamento conglomerado de aproximadamente 7 hectares, ocupado com maior intensidade durantes os Períodos dos Desenvolvimentos Regionais (Intermediário Tardio) e Inca. O recinto R5 está situado no setor ocidental do assentamento, diretamente associado ao recinto R@, à lixeira Tum 1B2 e a um complexo de praça-montículo artificial cemitério. Os três contextos cerâmicos estudados indicam um consumo em nível supradoméstico: R5 como lugar de preparação de alimentos a ser consumidos em eventos públicos, Tum 1B2 como área de descarte do vasilhame de serviço e R2 como provável depósito de grandes vasilhas.Fil: Cremonte, Maria Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Geología Minera; ArgentinaFil: Scaro, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Geología Minera; Argentin
Análisis 3D de la fabricación de cerámica prehispánica andina: un caso piloto de la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Argentina) usando métodos digitales
No full text[EN] Digitization, three-dimensional (3D) documentation and visualization of archaeological materials are processes in increasing development that are used for the enhancement of heritage. These tools have multiple uses for the analysis and research of archaeological objects, although their use in pottery forming techniques studies is less explored. In this paper, diverse digital methods are explored in the study of pottery forming macro-traces, using the 3D model of an archaeological vessel from South-Central Andes. This case is proposed as a pilot study, aiming to reveal the potential of digital techniques for understanding pottery forming techniques. The particular case analysed corresponds to a globular pot of the Humahuaca Black-on-Red style, recovered at the Pucara de Volcán archaeological site, in Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina). Initial studies of macro-traces on the pot suggested the use of paddling as the forming technique. The workflow used to contrast this hypothesis included the generation of a 3D model by close-range photogrammetry; and the analysis of the resulting point-cloud and mesh using Morphological Residue Model (MRM) and Virtual Reflectance Transformation Imaging Visualization (V-RTI), with diverse open-source software packages, such as AliceVision Metashape and CloudCompare. These methods increased the micro-topography visibility of the pot surface. As a result, the presence of sub-circular depressions in the body of the pot -similar to percussion cupules-, horizontal pressure lines in the collar, and micro-pull-outs in the maximal diameter of the pot were described. These macro-traces were interpreted as corresponding to the paddling technique used for the elaboration of the pot body a technique not previously identified in pre-Hispanic traditional pottery manufacturing in the north of Argentina , and of coiling for manufacturing the collar. The digital methods explored have great potential in the study of pottery forming techniques, although their scope depends on the accuracy of the 3D model analysed. [ES] La digitalización, documentación y visualización tridimensional (3D) de materiales arqueológicos son procesos en creciente desarrollo que se utilizan para la puesta en valor del patrimonio. Estas herramientas tienen múltiples usos para el análisis y la investigación de objetos arqueológicos, aunque su uso en el estudio de las técnicas de manufactura cerámica está menos explorado. En este trabajo se exploran diversos métodos digitales en el estudio de las macro-trazas de manufactura cerámica, utilizando el modelo 3D de una vasija arqueológica de los Andes Centro-Sur. Este caso se propone como un estudio piloto, con el objetivo de revelar el potencial de las técnicas digitales para la comprensión de las técnicas de manufactura cerámica. El caso particular analizado corresponde a una vasija globular del estilo Humahuaca Negro sobre Rojo recuperada en el sitio arqueológico Pucara de Volcán en la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina). Los estudios iniciales de las macro-trazas en la vasija sugirieron el uso del paleteado como técnica de manufactura. El flujo de trabajo utilizado para contrastar esta hipótesis incluyó la generación de un modelo 3D mediante fotogrametría de objeto cercano, y el análisis de la nube de puntos y la malla resultantes mediante el Modelo Morfológico de Residuos (MRM) y la visualización de imágenes por transformación de reflectancia virtual (V-RTI) utilizando diversos paquetes de software de código abierto, como AliceVision Metashape y CloudCompare. Estos métodos aumentaron la visibilidad de la microtopografía de la superficie de la olla. Como resultado, se describió la presencia de depresiones sub-circulares en el cuerpo de la vasija -similares a cúpulas de percusión-, líneas de presión horizontales en el cuello y micro-extracciones de pasta en el diámetro máximo de la vasija. Estas macro-trazas fueron interpretados como correspondientes al uso del paleteado para la elaboración del cuerpo de la vasija -técnica no identificada previamente en la manufactura alfarera tradicional prehispánica del norte de Argentina-, y de colombinos para la fabricación del cuello. Los métodos digitales explorados tienen un gran potencial en el estudio de las técnicas de manufactura cerámica, aunque su alcance depende de la precisión del modelo 3D analizado. This work was supported by the National Scientific and Technical Research Council [Posdoctoral Fellowship]; the Science, Technology and Innovation Office [grant numbers PICT-2017-0280 and PICT 2018-0584]; and the National University of Jujuy [grant numbers SECTER E/G010, SECTER DU-08].Scaro, A. (2022). Andean pre-Hispanic pottery forming 3D analysis: a pilot study from Quebrada de Humahuaca (Argentina) using digital methods. Virtual Archaeology Review. 13(27):66-80. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2022.16863OJS66801327Archaeological Computing Research Group. (2012). RTI example: ceramic. University of Southampton. Retrieved in http://acrg.soton.ac.uk/blog/1685/.Arnold, D. (1985). Ceramic theory and cultural process. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Barreau, J. B., Nicolas, T., Bruniaux, G., Petit, E., Petit, Q., Bernard, Y., Gaugne, R., & Gouranton, V. (2014). Photogrammetry based study of ceramics fragments. 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Optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in wheat and potatoes: interactions between genotypes and agronomic practices
No full textOne approach to decrease the environmental impact of crop production and reduce costs is to optimize agronomic practices and genotypes so that nutrients are used more efficiently. In this study the effects of agronomic practices (rotations, crop protection, fertilization) on yields, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and associated parameters were studied in an experiment using two winter wheat genotypes (Cordiale and Scaro) in one season and two potato genotypes (Sarpo Mira and Sante) in two seasons. The wheat showed no varietal differences in yield and NUE; instead the fertilization regime was the main factor affecting yield and NUE with higher values observed when conventional fertilization was used. The exception was for wheat grown after three years grass/clover ley when there was no added yield benefit from conventional fertilization of the organically bred variety (Scaro). This demonstrates the potential for N fixing crops to provide sufficient N to high yielding cereals if grown for long enough prior to planting. The greatest gains in NUE were achieved by combining an N efficient genotype with conventional crop management in an organic rotation. Fertilization and genotypic variation were the main factors affecting potato tuber yield and NUE, with the late maturing Sarpo Mira displaying elevated yields and NUE compared with the early maturing Sante. The use of organic fertility sources resulted in lower NUE, but N release from organic sources may increase NUE of future crops. This highlights the need for long-term nutrient balance and modelling studies to assess NUE at the crop rotation scale
Studies on erythropoiesis II. In vitro studies on red cell proliferation under varied oxygen tension
No full textFor the purpose to reveal the mechanism of the stimulated erythropoiesis in anemic condition, the author observed the numerical changes of the erythroblasts from normal rabbit bone marrow cultured under the environment of varied oxygen tensions, and revealed the following: 1. The erythroblasts incubated with air are increased after 24 to 48 hours and decreased gradually disappearing by 120 hours with a corresponding increase of erythrocytes. But no active proliferation of the stem cells or proerythroblasts is observed, all the cells have differentiated to erythrocytes. Hyperoxygen tension suppresses the increase of erythroblasts slightly, while hypoxygen tension stimulates the increase. Data suggest that the cell number destined to be ineffective erythropoiesis is regulated by oxygen tensions of the environment. 2. Basophilic erythroblasts are reduced in number from the beginning showing not any increasing tendency. The reducing rate is almost the same among those cultured under the hypo- and hyperoxygen tension, comparable to that incubated with air. 3. The hypoxygen tension brings about a marked increase in the number of orthochromatic erythroblasts with a decrease in polychromatic erythroblasts suggesting an accelerated cell differentiation, while the hyperoxygen tension elicits the suppression in the formation of orthochromatic erythroblasts with suppressed differentiation. Data also show the lack of denucleation mechanism in polychromatic stages in vitro differing from the case of the bone marrow of anemic animal.</p
Genotype x Environment Interactions of Winter Wheat
No full textWinter wheat cultivars for organic farming have to be adapted to highly variable environments. Yield and yield stability, the nutritional value and the bread making quality are here of major importance. Particularly, seed quality, tillering capacity, regeneration ability after harrowing, weed suppression ability, resistance or tolerance against diseases and improved nutrient use efficiency (NUE) under limited nutrient conditions need to be improved by specific breeding efforts (Kunz et al., 2006; Löschenberger et al., 2008).
Ten winter wheat cultivars were grown in 2007 in two organic systems of the DOK long-term experiment in CH-Therwil.
Eight of these cultivars were tested in 2008 at three organic farms in different pedo-climatic environments in Switzerland to observe genotype x environment interactions under different organic conditions. In contrast to the DOK site on a fertile loess soil, the on-farm sites were located on sandy or sandy-loamy sites with lower inherent yield potential. We assessed grain yield, yield components and parameters related to baking quality and NUE. Grain yield at the on-farm sites ranged between 2.2 t ha-1 and 2.8 t ha-1 and was much lower than at the DOK sites ( 3.7 t
ha-1 to 4.2 t ha-1) (Hildermann et al., 2009). Cultivars and sites significantly affected grain yield. Genotype x environment interactions were significant across the three on-farm sites; however they were not significant across all five organically managed sites. Calculated across the on farm sites, there was a tendency towards higher yields of the organically bred cultivars. This effect was statistically significant at the lowest yielding site, where yield of the organically bred cultivars was 14% higher than yields of the conventionally bred cultivars. However, at the DOK sites and averaged across all five organic sites, the organically bred cultivars could not outperform the conventionally bred cultivars.
Similar to the grain yield, the total gluten content increased from the on-farm sites to the DOK sites. Irrespective of the site, the gluten index of the cultivars Scaro, Antonius and Caphorn was stable. In contrast, the gluten index of the cultivars Sandomir, CCP and Titlis highly varied between the tested environments. Yield was significantly correlated with grain N yield (r = 0.93) and nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency (NUtE) (r = 0.72). Genotype x environment interactions were not significant for grain N yield, however strongly significant for NUtE (p < 0.01). The conventionally bred cultivars strongly responded to environmental conditions and showed a low NUtE under at low N supply. In contrast, NUtE of the organically bred cultivars Scaro and Sandomir was stable across all test environments.
Beside high yields, cultivars suitable for organic farming should achieve high baking quality and nutrient use efficiency under nutrient limited conditions. Among the tested cultivars, the organically bred cultivar Scaro revealed such a performance across all tested sites
Materiales inéditos del asentamiento fortificado de Valencia do Sil (Vilamartín de Valdeorras, Ourense)
No full textEn este artículo presentamos un conjunto de materiales inéditos procedentes del yacimiento arqueológico de Valencia do Sil (Vilamartín de Valdeorras, Ourense) almacenados en las dependencias del Concello de O Barco de Valdeorras. Este material proviene de diversas intervenciones llevadas a cabo sobre el sitio desde los años 60 hasta, probablemente, los años 80. Su interés radica no solo en su volumen, sobre todo en lo que respecta al conjunto cerámico, sino por la valiosa información que proporciona sobre un yacimiento conocido de antiguo por la historiografía pero del que apenas se tenía informació
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No full textIn the present study, we describe the anatomical varieties of 2 arteries: the right subclavian artery (RSA) and the popliteal artery (PA). The aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is an anatomical anomaly that has a low incidence and occurs when it originates in the aortic arch, distal to the left subclavian artery. The PA begins in the ring of the adductor magnus, continuing to the femoral artery and ends at the level of the inferior border of the popliteus muscle, bifurcating into its two terminal branches: the anterior tibial artery and the tibioperoneal trunk. This division presents a great anatomical variety. The national literature on serial dissections of these vessels in fetuses is scarce. From the Fetal Anatomy Area of the Normal Anatomy Department, FCM-UNC, we aimed to determine the incidence of the anatomical varieties of these 2 arteries.Dissection was performed in fetal cadaveric material, less than 500 grams of weight, between 15 and 24 weeks, provided by the Hospital Misericordia, Córdoba. The sample for the ARSA study was 140 fetuses, 62 male and 78 female. The PA sample was 30 fetuses, 16 female, 14 male. Microdissection instruments, binocular loupes, and macro lens were used. Details of the normal anatomy and the varieties of these arteries were recorded.The results were 2 cases of retro-esophageal ARSA (1.4%); while PA presented 41 cases of type I (68%), bifurcation at the level of the inferior border of the popliteus muscle; and 19 type II cases (32%), bifurcation at the level of the superior border of the popliteus muscle; not finding any type III cases (one of its terminal branches was hypoplastic/plastic).The incidence of ARSA is within the ranges of the literature. Type 1 and type 2 PA presented, respectively, lower and higher incidence than other studies. This study contributes to the formation of a local database (Córdoba, Argentina), and could be useful for health professionals to improve diagnoses and avoid therapeutic accidents. Future research with a larger sample size is planned.Presentamos en este trabajo las variedades anatómicas de 2 arterias: la arteria subclavia derecha (ASD) y la arteria poplítea (AP). La arteria subclavia derecha aberrante (ASDA) es una anomalía anatómica que tiene una baja incidencia y ocurre cuando se origina en el arco aórtico, distal a la arteria subclavia izquierda. La AP comienza en el anillo del aductor mayor continuando a la arteria femoral y finaliza a nivel del borde inferior del músculo poplíteo, bifurcándose en sus dos ramas terminales; la arteria tibial anterior y tronco tibioperoneo. Esta división presenta una gran variedad anatómica. Es escasa la bibliografía nacional sobre disecciones en serie de estos vasos en fetos. Desde el Área de Anatomía Fetal de la Cátedra de Anatomía Normal, FCM-UNC, se propuso determinar la incidencia de las variedades anatómicas de estas 2 arterias.Se realizaron los estudios en material cadavérico fetal, menor de 500 gramos, entre 15 y 24 semanas cedidos por el Hospital Misericordia, Córdoba. La muestra de estudio de la ASDA fue de 140 fetos, 62 masculinos y 78 femeninos. La muestra de AP fue de 30 fetos, 16 femeninos, 14 masculinos. Se utilizó instrumental de microdisección, lupas binoculares, y lente macro. Se registraron los detalles de la anatomía normal y de las variedades de dichas arterias. Los resultados fueron 2 casos de ASDA (1,4%), retro-esofágicas. La AP presento 41 casos (68%) tipo I, bifurcación a nivel del borde inferior del músculo poplíteo; 19 casos (32%) tipo II, bifurcación a nivel del borde superior del músculo poplíteo; tipo III no se encontró ningún caso (una de sus ramas terminales es hipoplásica/aplásica).La incidencia de la ASDA se encuentra dentro de los rangos de la bibliografía. La AP tipo 1 y tipo 2 presentó respectivamente menor y mayor incidencia a otros estudios. Este estudio contribuye a la formación de una base de datos, autóctona de Córdoba, Argentina e ilustra a los profesionales de la salud para mejorar los diagnósticos y evitar accidentes terapéuticos. Se programa aumentar el tamaño de la muestra de material en esta línea de investigación.
Relationship Between Severity of Ischemia and Coronary Artery Disease for Different Stress Test Modalities in the ISCHEMIA Trial
No full textBACKGROUND: The relationship between the extent and severity of stress-induced ischemia and the extent and severity of anatomic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with obstructive CAD is multifactorial and includes the intensity of stress achieved, type of testing used, presence and extent of prior infarction, collateral blood flow, plaque characteristics, microvascular disease, coronary vasomotor tone, and genetic factors. Among chronic coronary disease participants with site-determined moderate or severe ischemia, we investigated associations between ischemia severity on stress testing and the extent of CAD on coronary computed tomography angiography. METHODS: Clinically indicated stress testing included nuclear imaging, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, or nonimaging exercise tolerance test. Among those with preserved renal function who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography, we examined relationships between ischemia and CAD by coronary computed tomography angiography, overall, and by stress test modality, regardless of subsequent randomization. Core laboratories categorized ischemia as severe, moderate, mild, or none, while the extent and severity of anatomic CAD were categorized based on the modified Duke prognostic index. RESULTS: Among 3601 participants with interpretable stress tests and coronary computed tomography angiography, ischemia severity was weakly associated with CAD extent/severity (r=0.27), with modest variability in strength of association by modality: nuclear (n=1532; r=0.40), echocardiography (n=827; r=0.15), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (n=108; r=0.31), and exercise tolerance test (n=1134; r=0.18). The extent of infarction on nuclear imaging and echocardiography was weakly associated with CAD extent/severity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, ischemia severity on stress testing showed weak to moderate associations with the anatomic extent of CAD in this cohort with moderate or severe ischemia on local interpretation and controlled symptoms
Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease
No full textBACKGROUND: We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention. METHODS: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after a mean follow-up of 23 months. RESULTS: The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288 patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and resulted in more major bleeding events
