8,661 research outputs found
Outlook: From Physics of Failure to Physics of Degradation
No full textIn the foregoing chapters, the reliability of organic compounds in microelectronics and optoelectronics was discussed. It provided a state of the art in reliability concepts for materials used in electronic products. It also enlightened the direction in reliability concepts for these products. In this chapter, we discuss the outlook where we envision that physics of failure will be replaced by physics of degradation. New technologies, like health monitoring and digital twins, are needed to make this foreseen shift in reliability concepts.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and Material
Mehr ist mehr? : die Psychologische Wirkung von Angebotsvielfalt und Markenbreite
No full textEs mag in der Natur des Menschen liegen, dass Fülle und Vielfalt besonders geschätzt werden. Unsere Vorfahren waren besser beraten, sich dort aufzuhalten, wo das Nahrungsangebot reichhaltig und abwechslungsreich, anstatt karg und eintönig war und diese evolutionär entwickelte Vorliebe scheint unsere Konsumwelt auch heute noch zu beeinflussen. Überfluss und Fülle machen südliche Marktstände verlockend, ebenso wie mitteleuropäische Supermärkte und Kaufhäuser. Mehr noch, der durch Angebotsvielfalt verwöhnte Konsument empfindet eine Auswahl zwischen zwei Sorten von Frühstücksflocken fast schon als ärmlich und zwingt den Handel, immer mehr Produkte in das Sortiment aufzunehmen. Mehr scheint also tatsächlichmehr zu sein und diesem Prinzip folgend, versuchen auch Marken eine möglichst breite Produktvielfalt zu bieten. Tatsächlich zeigt ein Blick in die Geschichte großer Marken, dass die meisten im Laufe der Zeit expandierten. So wächst bei den Dachmarken die Zahl der Produktkategorien und bei den Produktmarken die Anzahl an Modellen und Varianten. Ein gutes Beispiel bietet Nivea. Nach rund 70 Jahren Nivea Creme expandierte Nivea in den 80er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts zunächst in die Segmente Haarshampoos und Sonnenkosmetik, in den 90er Jahren wurde der Bereich Haarpflege um Stylingprodukte erweitert und auch dekorative Kosmetik kam dazu. Heute umfasst die Marke Nivea Produkte für Gesichtspflege, Haarpflege, Rasur, Körperpflege, Babypflege und Sonnenschutz. Haarpflege umfasst die Kategorien Shampoos, Kuren, Spülungen, Haarspray, Festiger (Schaumfestiger und Sprühfestiger), Gel und Wax. Allein in der Kategorie Haarspray werden zehn Varianten angeboten, darunter ein Forming Spray „ultra starker Halt“, ein Haarlack „ultra starker Halt“ und ein Haarspray „extra starker Halt.“ Nicht nur dass man sich hier fragen kann, ob „ultra stark“ stärker ist als „extra stark“ oder umgekehrt
Degradation and Failures of Polymers Used in Light-Emitting Diodes
No full textIn this chapter, degradation mechanisms of optical materials, used in the light-emitting diode (LED)-based products, are explained. This chapter aims at describing the service conditions on the degradation mechanisms of different organic optical materials in LEDs which lead to the color shift of the light output. The contributions of different degradation mechanisms of optical and package materials in LED-based products to color shift are thoroughly explained.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and Material
Contribution of Autophagy to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induction during Cancer Progression
No full textEpithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a dedifferentiation process implicated in many physio-pathological conditions including tumor transformation. EMT is regulated by several extracellular mediators and under certain conditions it can be reversible. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process in which intracellular components such as protein/DNA aggregates and abnormal organelles are degraded in specific lysosomes. In cancer, autophagy plays a controversial role, acting in different conditions as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor-promoting mechanism. Experimental evidence shows that deep interrelations exist between EMT and autophagy-related pathways. Although this interplay has already been analyzed in previous studies, understanding mechanisms and the translational implications of autophagy/EMT need further study. The role of autophagy in EMT is not limited to morphological changes, but activation of autophagy could be important to DNA repair/damage system, cell adhesion molecules, and cell proliferation and differentiation processes. Based on this, both autophagy and EMT and related pathways are now considered as targets for cancer therapy. In this review article, the contribution of autophagy to EMT and progression of cancer is discussed. This article also describes the multiple connections between EMT and autophagy and their implication in cancer treatment.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)European CommissionMinistry of Health and Medical Education (UK)Ministry of University and Research (Italy)Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Riparian Soil Pollution Caused by Sediment Metal Transport: Seasonal Changes and Ecological Risk Assessment
No full textThe accumulation of pollutants in the sediment along surface water may negatively affect riparian zones and increase ecological risk. This article investigates the effects of metal sediments on riparian soil via field monitoring and ICP-OES analysis. To this end, pollution levels, seasonal changes, and potential sources of the pollutants were determined for the Melen River watershed, Turkey. The ecological statuses (contamination factor, enrichment factor, index of geo-accumulation, pollution index, modified pollution index, and potential and modified ecological risk indexes) of the watershed were also analyzed. Although no significant seasonal differences in the metal sediments were observed, their spatial distribution in the sediments and riparian soils varied markedly. Cr (11.4 to 136), Co (7.7 to 21.52), Cu (11.4 to 76.6), and Ni (14.06 to 128.2) recorded as mg/kg significantly increased from the upstream to the downstream. The metals possessing the highest risk in the sediment and riparian soil regarding the river health were Cu, Co, and Ni. The risk values were found to be heavily polluted (PI > 3 and MPI > 10), and the risk indexes were above the “desired environment without the risk”. The risk index was found to be more than 50, and the modified risk indexes exceeded 200 at many points. The transportation of pollutants in surface water became evident in the sediment, resulting in adverse effects on the riparian zone and the ecological system
Mehr Staat, mehr Wettbewerb: Gesundheitsfonds ante portas
No full textGerlinger T, Mosebach K, Schmucker R. Mehr Staat, mehr Wettbewerb: Gesundheitsfonds ante portas. Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik. 2008;53(10):107-116
Faster Algorithms for Computing Plurality Points
No full textLet V be a set of n points in R^d, which we call voters, where d is a fixed constant. A point p in R^d is preferred over another point p' in R^d by a voter v in V if dist(v,p) < dist(v,p'). A point p is called a plurality point if it is preferred by at least as many voters as any other point p'.
We present an algorithm that decides in O(n log n) time whether V admits a plurality point in the L_2 norm and, if so, finds the (unique) plurality point. We also give efficient algorithms to compute the smallest subset W of V such that V - W admits a plurality point, and to compute a so-called minimum-radius plurality ball.
Finally, we consider the problem in the personalized L_1 norm, where each point v in V has a preference vector and the distance from v to any point p in R^d is given by sum_{i=1}^d w_i(v) cdot |x_i(v)-x_i(p)|. For this case we can compute in O(n^(d-1)) time the set of all plurality points of V. When all preference vectors are equal, the running time improves to O(n)
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