204 research outputs found
Solid phase radioimmunoassay for detection of circulating food protein antigens in human serum
No full textA two site solid phase radioimmunoassay for detection of common food antigens is described. Bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin and ovalbumin can be detected in normal human serum at levels ranging from 0.1 to >1000 ng/ml; sensitivity is not impaired by the presence of low levels of antibodies. Thirty min to 3 h after oral intake of milk, β-lactoglobulin could be detected in the sera of 3 normal individuals, at a concentration of 0.1-3 ng/ml. This assay should prove useful in assessing the importance of macromolecular absorption in food allergy and in other gastrointestinal diseases. © 1980
The Doctor's Master
No full textThe author, a physician, states that doctors are under increasing
pressure to factor social considerations, such as cost, into medical
decisions. He argues that physicians are obligated to do all they can for
their patients without regard to costs or other social needs. Decisions to
choose the most economical means of delivering care or to discontinue
life-prolonging treatment must be made solely with the best interests of the
patient in mind. It is society, not doctors, that must decide if medical
resources are to be rationed. Physicians, Levinsky concludes, must remain
advocates for the health needs of their patients. (KIE abstract
Comment piece on the recent jury award of $600,000 to Levinsky\u27s, which claime
No full textComment piece on the recent jury award of $600,000 to Levinsky\u27s, which claimed that it had been defamed by a manager of Wal-Mart. The author thinks that Wal-Mart should win its appeal
Circulating immune complexes in onchocerciasis
No full textCirculating immune complexes were detected in sera of patients with both localized and generalized onchocerciasis by a 125I-Clq binding assay but not by the IgG latex agglutination inhibition method. Gel filtration of sera demonstrated high molecular weight Clq-reactive material(greater than 2 x 10(6) Daltons) which contained IgM but no IgG. Antibody titres to Onchocerca volvulus antigen were higher in patients with generalized disease than in those with the localized form. The lack of correlation between antibody titres and levels of immune complexes suggests that these immune complexes contain antigens other than those derived exclusively from the parasite. Although few of the symptoms of this disease are likely to be due to deposition of circulating immune complexes, the depression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the parasite found in patients with generalized onchocerciasis may be due to IgM immune complexes exerting an immuno-regulatory role on T cell function
Health Care for Veterans: The Limits of Obligation
No full textLevinsky maintains that, while the federal government has an
obligation to provide health care for veterans with service-connected
disabilities, the term "service-connected" may be too broadly interpreted. He
rejects the contention that government payment for nonservice-connected care
is an obligation of society and asserts that veterans should have no special
privileges in this regard. The author views the debate about whether veterans
over age 65 should be subject to a means test as a red herring--all citizens
should receive health care regardless of military status. However, he
acknowledges that the system of Veterans Administration hospitals will
probably be retained even though extended health insurance coverage through
Medicare would enable many veterans to obtain care within the regular health
care system. (KIE abstract
A NEW HISTORICIST STUDY OF THE RISE OF DAVID LEVINSKY BY ABRAHAM CAHAN
No full textAbrahan Cahan 1900'lü yıllarda yaşamış Yahudi Amerikan bir yazardır. The Rise of David Levinsky adlı roman kahramanıyla aynı adı taşıyan kendi yazarı gibi 1865'te Rusya'nın kuzeybatısındaki Kovno adlı bir kasabasında doğan bir genci ele alan otobiyografik özelliklere sahip bir eserdir. Ancak romanın içeriği itibariyle künstleroman ve/veya bildungsroman özellikleri de taşımaktadır. Fakir, genç bir yetim olan Levinsky 1881'de goyim [Yahudilerin kendilerinden olmayanlara verdikleri isim] saldırılarında hayatını kaybettikten sonra Amerika'ya göç etmeye karar verir. Amerika'yı "dünyanın geri kalanı gibi olmayan eşsiz bir ülke" (Cahan, 87) olarak görür. Bu bağlamda Amerika algısı pogromlara maruz kalmış doğu Avrupa Yahudilerinden farksız değildir. "1880-1915 yılları arasında Birleşik Devletlere gelen doğu Avrupa Yahudilerinin ezici bir çoğunluğun fikri Amerikan-Yahudi yaşamının popüler düşüncesinde merkezi bir pozisyonda kendini tutan Ortodoks'lardı" (Singer, 696). Hayatı, Amerika'ya bakış açısı, pogromlardan kaçan Yahudi göçmenlerle aynı olduğunu tekrar söyleyebiliriz. gerçekleştirmesidir. Romanın sonuna doğru kendi sektöründe iş yapan ilk üç arasına girmiştir. Ancak, Amerika'da iş ve kişisel yaşamı ne kadar ilerlemiş olursa olsun, her doğu Avrupalı Yahudi gibi kendini yalnız hissedecektir. Levinsky'nin hayatı, sadece kendi döneminde yaşayan bir göçmenin hayatından ziyade, günümüzde herhangi bir göçmenin maruz kaldığı psikolojik, sosyolojik ve politik sorunları da gözler önüne sermektedir. İşte bu bağlamda The Rise of David Levinsky yeni tarihselci bir bakış açısıyla irdelenecektirAbraham Cahan is a Jewish American author living in 1900s. His famous novel titled The Rise of David Levinsky has autobiographical characteristics whose protagonist is David Levinsky himself who was born in Kovno, a northwestern Russia, in 1865 like his author. Levinsky, a poor young orphan decides to move America after losing his mother in 1881 Gentile riot. He regards America as “a unique country, unlike the rest of the world” (Cahan, 87). In this sense his perception resembles the other East European Jews who would be exposed to Pogroms. “The notion that the overwhelming majority of east European Jews who came to the United States between 1880 and 1915 were Orthodox has assumed a central position in the popular mythology of American-Jewish life” (Singer, 696). His life, and perspective to America is the same as other Jewish immigrants who flee from the pogroms. In America no matter how he well advance in both business and personal life, he feels estranged to his background like every East-European Jewish. Also Cahan deals with social and sociocultural life of immigrants living in New York. It has In this study, The Rise of David Levinsky will be studied in terms of new historicist criticism Abraham Cahan dealing with immigration and alienation is one of the most important writers in American Jewish history. His first autobiographic novel The Rise of David Levinsky is about a young man having the same name David Levinskywho migrates to America at the beginning of twentieth century. The protagonist who has nothing when he steps onto America earns millions of dollars. The novel is prominent for two reasons: the indication of Jews’ situation and the living conditions in both the US and Russia. In this respect, the novel can be regarded as “the first full-fledged immigrant novel (i.e., by and about immigrants) in America” (Chametzky, 1971: 387). When the novel is looked from the historical perspective, it gives a great number of hints for understanding the terms of Jewish who lives in Russia before Pogroms and in America in 1920s. For example Marovitz depicts the novel as “a tale of industrial America” (205). However, some critics consider that the novel indicates a religious person’s failure in America. Barrish thinks that it “sets up just such a relation with what might be called the ethnic real in Levinsky's figuration of traditional Judaism as "fall[en] to pieces" in America” (656). No matter what is written for the novel, it encapsulates the life(style) and culture of the US. The author is also Lithuanian editor of the Jewish Daily Forward which is “the Lower East Side's most prominent Yiddish-language socialist newspaper” (Johnson, 90) and an activist who endeavors to shape American policy and enact the reforms about Jewish and newcomers. He is also interested in Russian Jews coming to America. Within this context, he is aware of his people, culture and the way of newcomers’ living and helps American politicians develop immigrant policy. His knowledge is reflected on the autobiographical novel. As a Jewish person who migrates to America, the author reverberates being other in a new land. Rottenberg claims that all incidences “suggest that Levinsky is interpellated into his new country as a foreigner and as a Jew” (318). His consciousness hails on the novel. Likewise, the author’s use of English is very important to broaden his voice. If the novel had been written in Yiddish language, the novel cannot have been so popular like that. Cahan’s popularity is due to writing in English language. As Sheffer states: “writing in English was a way to reach the literary mainstream and thereby achieve greater recognition, material comfort, and cultural legitimacy in the United States” (147). The usage of English makes the author more confident and embraced the US. In this regard, Cahan is very eager to adapt himself to the US and wants to be a member of its society. This autobiographic novel depicts the huge alteration in the protagonist’s mind. The novel starts with the sentence about reflecting Levinsky’s alteration: “when I think of my past in a superficial, casual way, the metamorphosis I have gone through strikes me as nothing short of a miracle” (Cahan, 3). Yet, this miracle also contains individual characteristics of a Jewish. Like his creator, Levinsky turns into a prototype which can be given an example to Jewish immigrants. The protagonist is likely to be reclaimed “in terms of the difficulties encountered in actually achieving success” (Miller, 15). In this context, the protagonist manages to represent the term and individuals of the then America. Because the novel has the feature of autobiography, it is more related to reality. In this sense, the novel can be argued in terms of historical, sociological and psychological perspective. The novel is prominent to understand better the US historically and sociologically. The critic asserts that all events and dialogues are: "historical" in a more modern sense because they deliberately show us how personality and culture interact in a particular style of life to pose issues in the life- cycle of developing individuals whose imaginary existence still has a local habitation and a name in actuality. (Strout, 437) Furthermore, these cultural and historical facts not only pictures the customs and culture of the societies Levinsky lives in but also indicates the problems or policies in Russian and American society. “As these novels indicate, ancestral narratives are more than family folklore because they are responses to fundamental problems in contemporary society, such as racism and assimilation”(Hein and Moore, 11). As the critics state, Russian racism and American assimilation are two major problems in the novel. Fleeing from the Gentiles who murder his mother, socialist Levinsky like his author lives under the shadow of capitalism. Levinsky turns into more American than an ordinary American. Moreover, his attempts to be a pious Jewish are in vain.Malinovich implying this novel and Nyburg'sThe Chosen People purports: “With their focus on the dilemmas posed by assimilation and acculturation, these novels reflect a rising skepticism about the melting pot ideal in American society” (32). The Rise of David Levinsky is a kind of novel containing historical, sociological and psychological background which depicts East European immigrants. Heinze depicts the protagonist as “psychologically traumatized Jewish immigrant” (978). However, the immigrants were highly influenced by him and his success. Continuing his protagonist’s depiction, Singer labels him as a “man who, more than any other individual, helped shape the cultural pattern of New York's Jewish community”(699) On the other hand; Levinsky succeeds in combination of history and fiction. Although this quotation is a bit long, it clearly summarizes the idea argued; The emergence of the communist states in East and Central Europe after World War II changed the political configurations across continents and affected cultures and literatures with the introduction of a new type of international artist-the dissident-who in turn changed the image of an East European immigrant in the United States from a lower-class laborer to a middle- or upper-class intellectual. The familiar rags-to-riches newcomer scenario has been replaced with a tale of political oppression, internal exile, and expulsion of radical writers, scientists, and artists who were often forced to immigrate because of their opposition against the regimes. (Zaborowska; 56
"A Greenhorn no longer" : assimilation and acculturation in Abraham Cahan's "Yekl" and The Rise of David Levinsky
No full textDie vorliegende Diplomarbeit analysiert die Assimilations- und Akkulturationsprozesse der Hauptcharaktere in den beiden literarischen Werken „Yekl“ und The Rise of David Levinsky. Beide Texte wurden vom jüdischen Autor Abraham Cahan verfasst und behandeln ähnliche Aspekte des Assimilations-und Akkulturationsprozesses von Juden, die nach Amerika auswanderten.Der Hauptteil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Assimilationsprozess der Charaktere Gitl und Jake in „Yekl“ und David in The Rise of David Levinsky. Verschiedene Aspekte dieses Prozesses, wie etwa sichtbare Veränderungen des Aussehens werden kontrastiert. Somit werden auch die Anpassung der Kleidung, der Haare und das Verhalten analysiert. Außerdem wird das veränderte Sprachverhalten der einzelnen Charaktere verglichen. Da der Assimilationsprozess bei Gitl, Jake und David verschieden verläuft, werden sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch deren Unterschiede aufgezeichnet.Es gibt gewisse Einflüsse, die einen Assimilationsprozess begünstigen, wie etwa sogenannte „cultural brokers“ (Kulturmanager). In beiden literarischen Werken übernehmen Charaktere diese Funktion und versuchen den Neuankömmlingen in Amerika beim Eingewöhnen zu helfen. Diese Kulturmanager sind in beiden Werken unterschiedlich, übernehmen aber die gleiche Funktion. Des Weiteren spielt der Grad der (Aus)bildung eine wichtige Rolle und hat somit auch einen Einfluss auf den Anpassungsprozess der Hauptcharaktere.Da der Assimilations-und Akkulturationsprozess individuell ist, kann keine generelle Schlussfolgerung gezogen werden, wie ein idealer Anpassungsprozess erfolgt, da auch andere unbeeinflussbare Faktoren wie etwa das soziale, ökonomische und finanzielle Umfeld darauf einwirken.This thesis focuses on the assimilation and acculturation processes of the main characters in the two literary works “Yekl” and The Rise of David Levinsky. Both texts were written by the Jewish author Abraham Cahan and address similar elements of the assimilation and acculturation processes of Jews migrating to America.The main part of the thesis explores the assimilation process of the characters Gitl and Jake in “Yekl,” and David in The Rise of David Levinsky. Different aspects of this process such as the visual change in appearance will be contrasted. In addition, different aspects of the characters' use of language (Yiddish and English) will be compared. Since the assimilation processes of Gitl, Jake and David vary, their similarities and differences will be highlighted.There are various factors that can have an impact on a migrant's assimilation process. Among these influences are so-called cultural brokers who help the recently arrived characters familiarize themselves with the new culture. In both literary texts, cultural brokers appear in different ways. In addition, the level of education occupies an important part in the assimilation process as well since it influences the characters' decisions and helps them do assimilate. Since assimilation and acculturation processes differ with each individual, it is difficult to predict how they will happen. Various factors such as social, economic and financial surroundings have an impact on this process and cannot be influenced by the characters.vorgelegt von Melanie Gürentz BAZusammenfassungen in Deutsch und EnglischDiplomarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2018 1.93
Buying a pig in a poke : An experimental study of unconditional veto power
No full textWe study an ultimatum experiment in which the responder does not know the offer when accepting or rejecting. Unconditional veto power leads to acceptances, although proposers are significantly greedier than in standard ultimatum games, and this is anticipated by responders. We also elicit responders' willingness to pay for (un)conditional veto power
Magnetic phase diagram and cluster glasslike properties of stage-1 graphite-intercalated FeCl3
No full textWe present a comprehensive investigation of the magnetic properties of stage-1 graphite intercalated FeCl3 using a combination of DC and AC magnetic susceptibility, thermoremanent magnetization, and field-dependent magnetization measurements. This van der Waals system, with a centrosymmetric honeycomb lattice, combines frustration and disorder, due to intercalation, and may be hosting topologically nontrivial magnetic phases. Our study identifies two magnetic phase transitions at Tf1≈4.2 K and at Tf2≈2.7 K. We find that the paramagnetic state, for T>Tf1, is dominated by short-range ferromagnetic correlations. These build up well above Tf1 and lead to a significant change in magnetic entropy, which reaches ΔSMPk=-5.52 J kg-1K-1 at 7 T. Between Tf1 and Tf2, we observe slow spin dynamics characteristic of a cluster glasslike state, whereas for T<Tf2, our results indicate the onset of a low-temperature long-range ordered state. The analysis of the experimental results leads to a complex phase diagram, which may serve as a reference for future investigations searching for topological nontrivial phases in this system. RST/Neutron and Positron Methods in Material
“To Make Myself for a Person”: The Bildungsroman in Modern Jewish-American Literature
No full textAnzia Yezierska\u27s Bread Givers and Abraham Cahan\u27s The Rise of David Levinsky share many similarities: they both feature young Jewish protagonists who immigrate to America in search of the better life they believe America can provide. Though their novels have similar trajectories, each author answers the still relevant question of how immigrants might successfully assimilate into American culture in contrasting lights. Cahan\u27s protagonist, in a superficial sense, achieves the American dream, while Yezierska\u27s Sara achieves a more modest success. However, Sara ultimately navigates the trials of cultural assimilation and identity formation more successfully. Levinsky gains monetary wealth by adapting to American values of independence and class mobility, but Sara achieves the much more valuable goal of a confident identity by tempering her embrace of these traditional American values and not rejecting her cultural origins
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