1,720,964 research outputs found
Dimensioni del rurale nel Marghine-Planargia. Questioni di metodo e analisi delle interviste
No full text
Identità, saperi locali e sviluppo
No full textNelle società premoderne una persona nasceva e moriva come membro di un gruppo definito con un unico percorso di vita stabilito in precedenza e l’identità non poteva essere messa in discussione: uno era cacciatore e membro della tribù, e questo era tutto. Nella società attuale l’identità diventa più mobile, multipla, personale e autoriflessiva e può essere soggetta a cambiamenti e innovazioni: oggi le appartenenze sono frammentate, le identità non sono scomparse, ma hanno cambiato dimensioni e funzioni diventando plurime.
L’identità è piuttosto il risultato di un processo di costruzione, per cui una condivisa memoria collettiva appare come uno dei principali aspetti della vita sociale che può essere individuato come fattore di riconoscimento identitario. Una memoria storica di cui è componente fondamentale quell’insieme di conoscenze, di valori, di culture che possono altrimenti essere definiti col termine di saperi locali, la cui pratica e le cui manifestazioni costituiscono la base morale e materiale dell’identità di un popolo.
I fattori che possono essere assunti come indicatori di identità sono infiniti, ma ciò che conta è il livello di riconoscimento e di autoriconoscimento, perché questi elementi non diventino parte di una discutibile retorica dell’identità.
L’interrogativo che si pone è quindi se e in che modo l’identità, come uno stato della coscienza dei soggetti facenti parte di un gruppo, di cui è elemento fondamentale la condivisione di norme, di valori, di manifestazioni, di forme di espressione, di saperi, di pratiche possa essere fattore di sviluppo. O, al contrario, se il permanere di tradizioni, abitudini, modi di fare e di produrre sia un ostacolo allo sviluppo e alla crescita.
A questo punto si pongono due ordini di problemi: quello della trasmissione dei saperi tradizionali alle nuove generazioni e quello dell’introduzione di nuove tecnologie nelle società tradizionali. Per il primo aspetto, la trasmissione dei saperi deve avvenire attraverso l’osservazione e la pratica: le attività tradizionali non si imparano attraverso l’istruzione codificata. Per il secondo aspetto è necessario superare il modello classico che vedeva tre distinte figure, ricercatore, assistente tecnico, produttore, spesso incapaci per formazione e per distanza sociale di comunicare tra di loro. In altri termini, si tratta di superare la diffidenza tra chi possiede le conoscenze teoriche e chi possiede l’esperienza praticaIn the ancient societies a man was member of a definite group from his birth, he had a previously established way of life and his identity cannot be brought into question: one was hunter and member of the tribe, and that was all. In the current society the identity become more mobile, multiple and auto-reflexive and it can be subject to changes and innovations. Today the belongings are fragmented, the identities are not vanished, but they changed their dimensions and functions, becoming various.
The identity is rather the result of a construction process, and a shared common memory is a fundamental aspect of the social life which can be identified as a distinguishing mark of identity. A social memory composed by knowledges, values, cultures which are the local knowledge.
The question is therefore if and how the identity can be a development factor or, on the contrary, if the permanent continuity of traditions, habits, way of life and of production is an obstacle to development and growth.
In this point there are two orders of issues: the transmission of traditional knowledge to the new generations and the insertion of new technologies in the traditional societies. About the first aspect, the transmission of knowledge must be through the observation and the practice: the traditional activities cannot be learned through the codified instruction. About the second aspect, it is necessary overcome the classic tripartite model which had three different subjects (searcher, technical assistant and producer) often incapable of communicativeness, because of their different education and because of the social distance. In other words, it’s necessary the overcoming the distrust between the possessor of theoretical knowledge and the possessor of practical experienc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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