64 research outputs found
Sur le comportement des sérums normaux de diverses espèces animales vis-à-vis des épreuves de Kolmer, Meinicke et V.D.R.L.
No full textPlacidi Louis, Lemoine P., Barbaud R. Sur le comportement des sérums normaux de diverses espèces animales vis-à-vis des épreuves de Kolmer, Meinicke et V.D.R.L. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 111 n°8, 1958. pp. 413-417
AACI-Positionspapier zur Klassifizierung von kutanen Manifestationen einer Arzneimittelüberempfindlichkeit
No full textHypersensitivity reactions to drugs are not uncommon. The skin is by far the most frequently affected organ. Reactions can have a variety of clinical pictures. The diagnosis of cutaneous drug hypersensitivity reactions can be difficult due to the many possible differential diagnoses. Accurate classification is therefore crucial for correct diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this guideline is to provide precise definitions and to provide physicians with the background needed for correct classification
Les anciens calendriers diététiques
No full textDie alten diätetischen Kalender.
Nachdem der Verfasser an den Ursprung der Diätetik erinnert hat, kommt er auf die Ernährungstheorien der alten griechischen Medizin zurück welche den Grundstock der hippokratischen Diätetik bilden. Diese Theorien basieren auf der Lehre der vier Elemente welche man ebensogut im Weltall mit den vier Komponenten des Unstoffes wierderfindet als in den vier Jahreszeiten und in dem Menschen mit den vier Kardinalsäften. Diese vier Ur-Elemente trifft man ebenso in den Arzneimittel und in den Lebensmittel. Die hippokratische Schule hatte diese Theorien angenommen und der Arzt von Cos konzipierte darauf eine Lebensordnung welche ursprünglich den Einfluss der Jahreszeiten bekämpfen sollte und nur aus Ernährungs-vorschriften bestand. Im 5.-7 Jh, wurden die Kalender zu Monatskalender und die ärztlichen Weisungen traten hervor mit Theodor Priscianus, dem Pseudo-Soranus und besonders mit Beda venerabilis. Der Verfasser schildert anschliessend den Inhalt der Diatkalender welche sich vom 9. bis zum 15. Jh. entwickelten : Emahrungsvorschriften zur Bekämpfung des Jahreszeiteneinflusses und ärztliche Vorschriften um den Einfluss der Säfte zu neutralisieren. Ausserdem, sollten die mit Gewürze bereiteten Tränke die Mängel einer zu einseitigen Kost ausgleichen. Die byzantinischen Kalender werden anschliessend erwähnt und zum Abschluss frägt sich der Verfasser warum man eigentlich bisher keinem Diatkalender in der arabischen medizinischen Literatur begegnet ist.Ancient Dietetic Calendars.
After reviewing the origins of dietetics, the author discusses the nutritional theories of ancient Greek medicine on which Hippocratic dietetics are based. These theories are based as much on the doctrine of the four elements found in the universe with the four constituents of matter and the four seasons, as they are on man with his four humours. These prime elements are found both in medicine and in foods. The School of Hippocrates admitted these theories, and the physician of Cos thus conceived a diet originally intended to combat the influence ot the seasons, consisting only of alimentary prescriptions. From the 5th-7th centuries, the calendars became monthly, and medical prescriptions appeared with Theodorus Priscianus, the pseudo-Soranus, and above all the Venerable Bede. The author then discusses the contents of the dietetic calendars which developed from the 9th- 15th centuries : alimentary prescriptions to combat the influence of the seasons and medical prescriptions to neutralize the influence of the humours. In addition, beverages with a base of spices served to palliate the inconveniences of an unbalanced diet. Byzantine dietetic calendars are then discussed, and in closing, the author puts forth the question of why, until now, he has been unable to find dietetic calendars in the medical literature of the Arab language.Barbaud Jean. Les anciens calendriers diététiques. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 76ᵉ année, n°279, 1988. pp. 328-342
Linear Immunoglobulin a Bullous Dermatosis in Children
No full textLinear Immunoglobulin A Bullous Disease (LABD) is a rare dermatosis whose pathomechanisms are not yet completely understood. LABD has different features characterizing adults and children in terms of potential triggers, clinical manifestations, and prognosis. The aim of the present study is to review all neonatal and pediatric cases of LABD and summarize the major characteristics. Childhood LABD is mainly idiopathic with a benign prognosis. Neonatal cases are difficult to differentiate from infectious diseases and usually have a poor prognosis. Drugs are one of the possible triggers that can activate autoimmune responses through antigen mimicry and epitope spreading as well as different stimuli (e.g., infections, inflammatory diseases, trauma). The gold standard for the diagnosis is based on direct immunofluorescence. Prognosis is generally favorable but often depends on the prompt dermatological diagnosis, treatment and follow-up guaranteed by a multidisciplinary team, including pediatricians for this group of age
Studies of the design and different properties of a novel bioactive coating for endovascular stents based on poly([R,S]-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) (PDMMLA)
No full textLe traitement de l’athérosclérose nécessite la pose d’un stent métallique dans la lumière d’un vaisseau sanguin endommagé. Cependant, le phénomène de resténose intra-stent est observé chez 20 à30% des patients. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer un nouveau revêtement de stents, composé d’un polymère bioactif dans le but d’inhiber la resténose intra-stent. Les PDMMLAs sont de nouveaux polyesters biodégradables, synthétisés par une voie de polymérisation anionique par ouverture de cycle des β-lactones α,α,β-tri-substituées. La synthèse à façon des PDMMLAs permet d’obtenir des copolymères amphiphiles avec des proportions d’hydrophilie modulables. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, après la synthèse multi-étapes de différents dérivés de PDMMLA, une analyse des propriétés physicochimiques de surface a été réalisée en étudiant les profils d’adhésion des protéines sur ces surfaces. Parallèlement à ces études, le greffage covalent de molécules, notamment d’un principe actif sur les dérivés de PDMMLA a été effectué. Les résultats de l’étude de la libération du principe actif greffé, ainsi que les premiers résultats des études biologiques étant prometteurs, le PDMMLA, accompagné de son principe actif est un bon candidat pour des applications biologiques. Ce nouveau polymère greffé doit être davantage étudié afin d’améliorer ses propriétés mécaniques qui sont également des critères importants dans la conception des dispositifs médicauxAtherosclerosis, one of the frequent cardiovascular diseases, is treated by placing a metal stent inthe blocked artery. However, an intra-stent restenosis is observed in 20 to 30% of patients.The objective of this thesis is to develop a new bioactive polymer for cardiovascular stent coating,which would inhibit arterial restenosis. PDMMLAs are new biodegradable polyesters, synthesized through an anionic ring opening polymerization of α,α,β-tri-substituted β-lactones. The tailored synthesis of PDMMLAs allows to prepare amphiphilic copolymers with adjustable hydrophilicity proportions. As part of this thesis, after the multi-step synthesis of different PDMMLA derivatives, asurface physicochemical properties analysis was carried out by studying the adhesion profiles ofdifferent proteins on these surfaces. In parallel, the covalent grafting of molecules, especially of an activedrug was accomplished on PDMMLA derivatives. Promising results were obtained regarding the releaseprofile and kinetics of the grafted active drug and the biological studies, indicating that the drug-graftedPDMMLA is a good candidate for biological applications. This new polymer needs further studies toimprove its mechanical properties and other aspects, which are also important criteria in the developmentof medical device
Les formulaires médicaux du Moyen-âge : Médecines savantes et médecines populaires
No full textMedizinische Rezeptsammlungen des Mittelalters. Gelehrte- und Volksmedizin.
Das Frühmittelalter hat eine grosse Anzahl von medizinischen Formulare gekannt, mehr oder weniger wichtige, mehr oder weniger ausgearbeitete, mehr oder weniger gelehrte, in welchen traditionnelle Formeln, öfters magischer Art, häufig neben komplexen Formeln, Erbe der griechischen, lateinischen, jüdischen oder arabischen Ärzte, standen. In diesen lezteren fand eine grosse Anzahl von Spezereien platz, welche wegen ihrer Seltenheit und folglich ihrem Preis, auf nur gewisse klassen der Gesellschaft beschränkt blieben. Der Verfasser untersucht die Gebrauchsfrequenz der Spezereien in etwa fünf-und-zwanzig Rezeptsammlungen, vom 1. bis zum 15. Jh. verteilt und von verschiedener Herkunft. Die Antidotarien, welche öfters eine grosse Anzahl davon erschliessen, stellen sich als gelehrte Sammlungen von Rezepten heraus, mehr theoretisch als praktisch, während die Rezeptarien und die Thesauri pauperum für Ärzte konsipiert wären welche an Orten praktizieren wo arzneiliche Hilfsmittel und finanzielle Möglichkeiten der Patienten beschränkt sind.Medical formularies from the Middle Ages : Learned and popular medicines.
The high middle ages knew a great number of medical formularies, of greater or lesser importance, more or less elaborate and more or less learned, in which traditional formulas, often magical, were employed alongside complex formulas inherited from Greek, Latin, Jewish or Arab physicians. These last employed numerous spices whose rarity, and thus cost, limited their use in certain classes of society. The author examines the frequency of the use of spices in a selection of some twenty five recipes drawn from the 1st to the 15th centuries, from various sources. Antidotaries, of which there are many, appear to be selected from learned recipes, more theoretical than practical, meant for the leisured classes, while the recipe books and the
Thesauri Pauperum were conceived for physicians practicing in areas where the medical and financial resources of patients were limited.Barbaud Jean. Les formulaires médicaux du Moyen-âge : Médecines savantes et médecines populaires. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 76ᵉ année, n°277, 1988. pp. 138-153
New promising biodegradable polyesters derived from poly((R,S)-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) for cardiovascular applications
No full textHygiène, diététique et médecine dans les calendriers agricoles arabes
No full textHygiene, dietetics and medicine in arab agricultural calendars.
The author studied nine arab agricultural calendars placed at intervals between the Kitab al-Azmina or the Book of seasons by Jean Mésué (IXth c.) and a tunisian calendar of the XIXth c. of andalusian origin (?). There is a clear relationship between these different calendars, all of them issued from an archetype lost today, which would have been a mixture of basic principles and traditions of different origins. One could no longer identify today with certainty but one could discern its preislamic tradition (the calendar system of the anwâ'), babylonian tradition (the predictions extracted from astronomic, météorologie or geologic events) and a greek tradition (the influence of the humoral theory) .
In matter of dietetic, these calendars real authentic almanachs do nothing but reproduce the hippocratic prescriptions. In matter of hygiene, they specify seasons for physical exercices, bath as well as the perfumes to make use of.
Otherwise these almanachs mention the most usual affections and the liable means to cure, or better, to prevent them. Are recommanded différents electuaries including the theriac, trochics, eyewashes and other medications.L' auteur a examiné neuf calendriers agricoles arabes, échelonnés entre le Livre des Temps de Jean Mésué (IXe s.) et un calendrier tunisien du XIXe s., d'origine andalouse (?).
D existe une parenté certaine entre ces divers calendriers : tous descendent d'un archétype, aujourd'hui perdu, qui aurait été un amalgame de données et traditions d'origines diverses que l'on ne saurait plus maintenant identifier avec certitude, mais où l'on peut cependant discerner une tradition préislamique (le système calendaire des anwâ'), une tradition babylonienne (les prédictions tirées d'événements astronomiques, météorologiques ou géologiques) et une tradition hellénistique (l'influence de la théorie humorale).
En matière de diététique, ces calendriers, véritables almanachs, ne font que reproduire les prescriptions hippocratiques. En matière d'hygiène, ils précisent les saisons conseillées pour les exercices physiques, les bains ainsi que les parfums à utiliser.
Ces almanachs font, par ailleurs, état des affections les plus courantes et des moyens susceptibles de les guérir ou mieux de les prévenir. Sont recommandés divers électuaires, dont la Thériaque, des trochisques, des collyres et d'autres médications.Barbaud Jean. Hygiène, diététique et médecine dans les calendriers agricoles arabes. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 86ᵉ année, n°317, 1998. pp. 41-48
Conversion Syntaxique
No full textIn this study, it is shown that the "category changing" property of morphological rules of conversion is unable to account for compound words, for formal and semantic reasons. Several convergent facts demonstrate that the compounding process is syntactic in nature. Consequently, it is argued that X-bar theory must be involved in compound word formation because of the "lexical function" of the syntax. Empirical data are mainly focused on French Noms Composés à base Verbale, or NCV, as tire-bouchon (cork screw),porte-parole (spoke person), gagne-pain (job), etc., which are analyzed as base generated "quasi-VPs" embedded in a NP. Thus, the NPWP exocentric dominance instantiates a "syntactic conversion" at the D-structure level. Such a categorial hierarchy is based on the "distribution changing" property of X-bar theory rather than on the "category changing" property of structuring morphological rules. Therefore, the high productivity of NCVs in French and other Romance languages is due to their morphology, which allows SPEC\HEAD agreement and VERB RAISING movement. The licensing of exocentric X-bar structures in grammar depends on several semantic principles of lexical interpretation, which are relevant to hyperonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, etc.. Thus, the model is dispensed with a superfluous component of "peripheral" rules of compounding. In conclusion, exocentricity of syntactic structures leads the author to claim that X-bar schema is primitive in grammar and that a given phrase is not the necessary projection of its head.</jats:p
Dynamic contact angle cycling homogenizes heterogeneous surfaces
No full textInternational audiencea r t i c l e i n f o In order to reduce restenosis, the necessity to develop the appropriate coating material of metallic stent is a challenge for biomedicine and scientific research over the past decade. Therefore, biodegradable copolymers of poly((R,S)-3,3 dimethylmalic acid) (PDMMLA) were prepared in order to develop a new coating exhibiting different custom groups in its side chain and being able to carry a drug. This material will be in direct contact with cells and blood. It consists of carboxylic acid and hexylic groups used for hydrophilic and hydrophobic character , respectively. The study of this material wettability and dynamic surface properties is of importance due to the influence of the chemistry and the potential motility of these chemical groups on cell adhesion and polymer kinetic hydrolysis. Cassie theory was used for the theoretical correction of contact angles of these chemical heterogeneous surfaces coatings. Dynamic Surface Analysis was used as practical homogenizer of chemical heterogeneous surfaces by cycling during many cycles in water. In this work, we confirmed that, unlike receding contact angle, advancing contact angle is influenced by the difference of only 10% of acidic groups (%A) in side-chain of polymers. It linearly decreases with increasing acidity percentage. Hysteresis (H) is also a sensitive parameter which is discussed in this paper. Finally, we conclude that cycling provides real information, thus avoiding theoretical Cassie correction. H 10 is the most sensible parameter to %A
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