11 research outputs found
Fuzzy Arithmetic and Extension Principle
No full textFuzzy arithmetic is an extensively used instrument for dealing with uncertainty in a computationally competent method, recently and much better in the upcoming years. This thesis aims to investigate the basic properties of fuzzy arithmetic as its title implies. The properties of fuzzy arithmetic definitions, examples are discussed. Here we investigates the properties of fuzzy sets, properties of fuzzy number, performing arithmetic operations on fuzzy number, properties of L-R fuzzy number, performing operations on L-R fuzzy number, properties of fuzzy interval and properties of L-R fuzzy interval. Also, the extension principle and fuzzy arithmetic operations using extension principle are investigated. The fuzzy equation is solved by using the method o
Disconnected Topology Space
No full textA more general definition of extremally µ-disconnected generalized topological space [3] is introduced and its properties are studied. We have further improved the definitions of generalized open sets [1] and upper(lower) semi-continuous functions defined for a generalized topological space in [5]. In this generalized framework we obtain the analogues of results in [1, 3, 5]. Examples of extremally µ-disconnected generalized topological spaces are given
Fuzzy Hypergraphs
No full textGraph theory has found many application area in science, engineering, and mathematics. In order to expand the application base, the notion of a graph was generalized to that of a hypergraph, that is, a set X of vertices together with a collection of subsets of X. In this chapter, we fuzzify the notation of a hypergraph and state some possible applications. In this article, we apply the concept of bipolar fuzzy sets to hypergraphs and investigate some basic theorems and some properties of bipolar fuzzy hypergraphs. Some basic concepts of bipolar fuzzy set are defined. It is shown that any bipolar fuzzy graph can be expressed as the bipolar fuzzy intersection graphs of some bipolar fuzzy sets
The Structure of Commutayive Banach Algebra
No full textLet A be a Banach algebra over C with norm In this note, several characterizations of commutativity of A are given. For instance, it is shown that A is commutative if or if the spectral radius on A is a norm
Efek Atorvastatin Terhadap LPL (Lipoprotein Lipase)Dan Profil Lipid Pada Pasien Anak Sindrom Nefrotik Refrakter Dengan Hiperlipidemia (Penelitian dilakukan di Poli Anak Nefrologi RSUD Dr. Soetomo)
No full textIntroduction: Hyperlipidemia occurs in SN caused by decrease level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). LPL isan enzyme that is directly involved and a determinant rate in lipid metabolism through twocholesterol metabolism pathways. In previous study, lipid lowering agents haven’t alwaysgiven however in the literature, however, in the literature, statin administration remainscontroversial in the condition of refractory nephrotic syndrome. Objectives: To analyze the effect and the relationship of atorvastatin on lipid profiles (total cholesterol,LDL, TG, HDL) and LPL. Methods: This study has met the ethical eligibility with No. 1668/KEPK/XI/2019. A RCT doubleblind, pre and post test control group study of 31 children nephrotic syndrome refracter withhyperlipidemia patients divided into 2 groups. The first group (n = 18 patients) treated withplacebo and the other group (n = 13 patients) treated with atorvastatin. Observations carriedout for four weeks. The efficacy of therapy was measured by lipid profile and LPL.Results: We evaluated after 4 weeks, the total cholesterol and LDL from pre and post therapy of eachgroup show the significant differences (p<0,05). However, TG and HDL did not make asignificant difference. The LPL increased in the atorvastatin group but did not make asignificant difference. There is no significant difference between changes in lipid profile andchanges in LPL levels two group.Conclusion: Atorvastatin therapy significantly decreases total cholesterol and LDL but not in TG. Incontrast to total cholesterol, LDL and TG, administration of atorvastatin increases HDL andLPL. The relationship between LPL levels with total cholesterol, LDL, TG, and HDL levelshas not been proven.
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Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in duodenal ulceration: A primary cause or a secondary infection causing chronicity
No full textReports from countries with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori. (H pylori) infection do not show a proportionately high prevalence of duodenal ulceration, suggesting the possibility that H pylori cannot be a primary cause of duodenal ulceration. It has been mooted that this discrepancy might be explained by variations in the prevalence of virulence factors in different populations. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the published literature gives support to this possibility. The relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed separately for countries with a high and low prevalence of H pylori infection and virulence factors. Although virulent strains of H pylori were significantly more often present in patients with duodenal ulcer than without the disease in countries with a low prevalence of H pylori infection in the population, there was no difference in the prevalence of virulence factors between duodenal ulcer, non - ulcer dyspepsia or normal subjects in many countries, where the prevalence of both H pylori infection and of virulence factors was high. In these countries, the presence of virulence factors was not predictive the clinical outcome. To explain the association between virulence factors and duodenal ulcer in countries where H pylori prevalence is low, only two papers were found that give little support to the usual model proposed, namely that organisms with the virulence factors are more likely than those without them to initiate a duodenal ulcer. We offer an alternative hypothesis that suggests virulence factors are more likely to interfere with the healing of a previously produced ulcer. The presence of virulence factors only correlates with the prevalence of duodenal ulcer in countries where the prevalence of H pylori is low. There is very little evidence that virulence factors initiate duodenal ulceration, but they may be related to failure of the ulcer to heal
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The role of the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel in adenosine receptor-mediated cytoprotection
No full textThe rat embryonic cardiomyoblast-derived H9c2 cell line is increasingly used for studies into cardioprotection, as these cells display similar properties to primary cardiomyocytes. Adenosine receptors are well known mediators of cardioprotection and trigger effectors such as the mitochondrial KATP channel – however, the role of the mitochondrial BKCa channel in adenosine receptor-mediated cardioprotection has not been investigated. GPCR assays provided evidence for functional expression of Gi-coupled adenosine A1 and κ-opioid receptors, Gs-coupled β2 adrenergic receptors and Gq-coupled UTP-binding P2Y purinergic receptors on H9c2 cells. Activation of the adenosine A1 receptor with CPA (N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine) provided significant protection against hypoxia-induced cell death in these cells, as did opening of a BKCa channel with NS1619. The location of this BKCa channel was confirmed to be the mitochondria by the probing of subcellular fractions with BKCa-specific antibodies. Interestingly, CPA-induced protection against hypoxia was blocked by inhibition of the BKCa channel
Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on plant growth, symbiotic function and concentration of metabolites in legumes and an assessment of F1 generation for carryover effects
No full textBibliography: leaves 126-152.Reduction in ozone layer thickness in the stratosphere and the resultant increase in ground level of biologically active ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation prompted research into the effect of UV-B on growth and metabolism of terrestrial plants. In this study, eight legume species including three tropical food grain legumes [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (cowpea), Glycine max (L.) Merr (soybean), and Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) (common bean)], two temperate pasture legumes [Lupinus luteus (lupin) and Vicia atropurpurea (vetch)], a tree [Virgilia oroboides (Bergius T.M. Salter] and two shrub legumes [Cyclopia maculata (L.) Vent (honey bush) and Podalyria calyptrata Willd] indigenous to Southern Africa were exposed to UV-B radiation at above and below-ambient levels, and assessed for its effects on plant growth, symbiotic function and root concentration of metabolites
Антиоксидантный и стресспротекторный эффекты аскорбата лития в биомедицинских моделях у свиней
No full textResume. Pigs in many developed countries have long attracted attention as a biological model. In world practice using specially derived for diurnal breeds of pigs and mini-pigs (khorolskii, herfordshire, etc.). Widely used in experiments and native breeds of pigs - in the United States - Yuka-Tang and American-Essex. In Europe, the largest mini-pig farm is located in Germany. where the gottingen breed is bred. Pigs are emotionally unstable animals with low resistance to stress. In this regard, as a biomedical model of research on pigs allows to check the long-term use of drugs and their aftereffect. The aim of the work is to test a non -invasive anti-stress drug lithium ascorbate to reduce the negative impact of spontaneous stress factors arising in pigs. The experiment was conducted on 5 groups of Irish Landrace pigs (4 experimental and 1 control) with 10 heads each in the period from 2 months to 7 months of age. Animals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 experimental groups were daily fed lithium ascorbate in the form of powder at a dose of 10, 5, 2 and 0.5 mg/kg of live weight, respectively, throughout the fattening period. Before placing the animals in experience and 6 months of age, samples were taken of blood. Adrenaline, norepinephrine, cortisol and progesterone, Malon dialdehyde, thiol-disulfide ratio, superoxide dismutase activity were determined in the blood plasma. On the basis of the conducted researches it is possible to make the conclusion that as a result of influence of stressors arising in the course of a standard production cycle of cultivation of pigs there is a strengthening of activity of system of biological active centers of pigs owing to what the level of the General reactivity of an organism raises. Experimental data on the complex of endocrinological and biochemical parameters indicate that lithium ascorbate in fattening pigs has a positive effect on antioxidant status. The revealed effects of lithium ascorbate indicate the prospects for the development of new effective ways to increase stress resistance, nonspecific resistance.Во многих развитых странах свиньи уже давно привлекают внимание в качестве биологической модели. В мировой практике используют специально выведенные породы свиней и мини-свиней (в США - хормельские, хенфордские и т. д.). Широко применяются в экспериментах и аборигенные породы свиней - в США - юкатанские и американо-эссекские. В Европе самая крупная ферма мини-свиней находится в Германии, где разводится геттингенская порода. Свиньи эмоционально неустойчивые животные, с низкой резистентностью к стрессовым воздействиям. В связи с этим в качестве биомедицинской модели исследования на свиньях позволяют проверить длительное применение препаратов и их последействие. Цель работы - апробация неинвазивного антистрессового препарата аскорбата лития для снижения негативного воздействия спонтанных стресс-факторов, возникающих у свиней. Эксперимент проведён на 5 группах свиней породы ирландский ландрас (4 - опытные и 1 - контрольная) по 10 животных в каждой, в период с 2- до 7-месячного возраста. Животные 1-, 2, 3- и 4-й опытных групп ежедневно в течение всего периода откорма получали с кормом аскорбат лития в виде порошка в дозе 10, 5, 2 и 0,5 мг/кг живой массы, соответственно. Перед постановкой животных в опыт и в 6-месячном возрасте отбирали пробы крови. В плазме крови были определены адреналин, норадреналин, кортизол и прогестерон, малоновый диальдегид, тиол-дисульфидное соотношение, активность супероксиддисмутазы. На основании проведённых исследований можно сделать заключение о том, что в результате воздействия стрессоров, возникающих в процессе стандартного производственного цикла выращивания поросят, происходит усиление активности системы биологических активных центров свиней, вследствие чего повышается уровень общей реактивности организма. Экспериментальные данные по комплексу эндокринологических и биохимических параметров свидетельствуют о том, что аскорбат лития у свиней на откорме положительно влияет на антиоксидантный статус. Выявленные эффекты аскорбата лития свидетельствуют о перспективности разработки новых эффективных способов повышения стресс-устойчивости, неспецифической резистентности.
Hypercalemia associated with the use of angiotensin II receptor antagonists and low molecular weight heparin (LMWHs)
No full textIntroducción: La población de pacientes con patologías cardiovasculares ha aumentado, estos requieren en su esquema terapéutico un antihipertensivo en combinación con anticoagulantes para la prevención de procesos trombóticos. Estos fármacos pueden dar lugar a interacciones produciendo hipercalemia, estas interacciones ocurren con frecuencia en las clínicas y/o hospitales, sin embargo, en Colombia son pocos los estudios que han evaluado las consecuencias médicas que implica este tratamiento lo que ha originado una visión mucho más pragmática del manejo cotidiano del paciente. Objetivo: describir la hipercalemia inducida por el uso concomitante de Antagonistas de los Receptores de Angiotensina (ARA II) y Heparinas de Bajo Peso Molecular (HBPM) a través de la revisión de artículos científicos relacionados. Métodos: se realizó una selección de artículos científicos publicados entre 2010 a 2020, utilizando el repositorio electrónico de PubMed/ScienceDirect (y artículos de libre acceso en las Bases/Datos de Scopus, MedLine, Scielo y LILACs) según las recomendaciones del tesauro DeCS (Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud) para operadores lógicos y descriptores sobre esta temática. Resultados: Hasta que se realicen más estudios, es conveniente utilizar con precaución los ARA II y las HBPM combinados entre sí en pacientes con afecciones cardíacas y con secreción tubular de potasio alterada ya que se corre el riesgo de modificar los factores que mantienen el balance de potasio produciéndose hipercalemia. Conclusión: esta revisión describe las bases conceptuales farmacológicas de los ARA II y las HBPM, así como el mecanismo de interacción entre los ARA II y las HBPM relacionados a los factores de riesgo asociados al paciente que conlleva a la hipercalemia y permitió Analizar de manera crítica el algoritmo de detección y prevención desde el ámbito del químico farmacéutico como herramienta de farmacovigilancia.Introduction: In recent years, the population of patients with cardiovascular pathologies has increased, which require an antihypertensive in combination with anticoagulants for the prevention of thrombotic processes in their therapeutic scheme. These drugs can lead to interactions such as hyperkalemia, these interactions occur more frequently in clinics and/or hospitals, however, in Colombia there are few studies that have evaluated the medical consequences of this treatment, which has led to a much more pragmatic view of the daily management of the patient. Objective: To describe the hyperkalemia induced by the concomitant use of Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists (ARA II) and Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) through the review of related. Methods: a selection of scientific articles published between 2010 and 2020 was made, using the electronic repository of PubMed/ScienceDirect (and free access articles in the Bases/Data of Scopus, MedLine, Scielo and LILACs) according to the recommendations of the DeCS thesaurus (Descriptors in Health Sciences) for logical operators and descriptors on this subject. Results: Until more studies are carried out, it is advisable to use ARBs and LMWHs in combination with caution in patients with cardiac conditions and impaired tubular potassium secretion, since there is a risk of modifying the factors that maintain the potassium balance. potassium producing hyperkalemia. Conclusions: this review describes the pharmacological conceptual bases of ARA II and LMWH, as well as the mechanism of interaction between ARA II and LMWH related to risk factors associated with the patient that leads to hyperkalemia and allowed a critical analysis. the detection and prevention algorithm from the pharmaceutical chemical field as a pharmacovigilance tool
